scholarly journals A New Case of Scientific Dishonesty in the Field of Parapsychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Michael Nahm
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Data Fabrication ◽  
Provide Background Information

The present article informs about a case of prolonged scientific dishonesty in the field of parapsychology. It emerged that Alejandro Parra, an active member of the parapsychological community since about three decades, has published substantially plagiarized books and articles since at least 2007. Currently, I am aware of 20 publications that contain plagiarized sections or consist almost entirely of plagiarism. In the following, I present striking examples of such plagiarized texts and provide background information about the development of this case. Parra even presented research results obtained by others as his own research results, which amounts to data fabrication. Therefore, I conclude one cannot trust any of his books and articles. Even Parra’s publications that contain data obtained in surveys or experimental studies must be disregarded by the scientific community unless the validity of their raw data has been very carefully established by examinations performed by others.

Thread of Generations [On the History of N. Krupskaya Astrakhan Regional Research Library]

2009 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kolenko
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Regional Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Representing History

The present article is concerned with the research results of the chronicles of N. Krupskaya Astrakhan Regional Research Library, representing history of the largest regional library of the Volga region in the context of development of the country librarianship as well as regional culture.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

Treated Textile Electrostatic Properties Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
I.V. Cherunova ◽  
S.S. Tashpulatov ◽  
S.V. Kurenova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Electrostatic Properties ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Water Proofing ◽  
Textile Fabric

In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide treated textile electrostatic properties study. In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide find out abilities of an anti-electrostatic treatment and binding agents for it in treatment of special textile materials and their dependance from modes of operating textile washing. Results of determine a composition and abilities of a functional impregnation; develop a method to study values of electrostatic field for tribocharging conditions of textile materialsare; experimental studies of electrostatic values of materials with functional treatment depending on operating washing modes also presented here. Study results allowed to establish efficiency of the proposed combination of anti-electrostatic active composition based on 5 % solution of dialkyldimethylammonium chloride with a binding agent with the effect to preserve the treatment in the material structure and content of which is 4 % in application of textile fabric with widely used fiber content (cotton 53 %, polyester + oil and water-proofing finish). Acrylic dispersion is stable film-forming component suitable in preserving anti-electrostatic treatment on the surface of a textile material. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.

scholarly journals ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN GRASSLAND SOILS. 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. VAN VEEN ◽  
E. A. PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Soil Biomass ◽  
The World

The decomposition rates of 14C-labelled plant residues in different parts of the world were characterized and mathematically simulated. The easily decomposable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose, were described as being decomposed directly by the soil biomass; the lignin fraction of aboveground residues and the resistant portion of the roots entered a decomposable native soil organic matter. Here it could be decomposed by the soil biomass or react with other soil constituents in the formation of more recalcitrant soil organic matter. The transformation rates were considered to be independent of biomass size (first–order). Data from 14C plant residue incorporation studies which yielded net decomposition rates of added materials and from carbon dating of the recalcitrant soil organic matter were transformed to gross decomposition rate constants for three soil depths. The model adequately described soil organic matter transformations under native grassland and the effect of cultivation on organic matter levels. Correction for microbial growth and moisture and temperature variations showed that the rate of wheat straw decomposition, based on a full year in the field in southern Saskatchewan, was 0.05 that under optimal laboratory conditions. The relative decay rates for plant residues during the summer months of the North American Great Plains was 0.1 times that of the laboratory. Comparison with data from other parts of the world showed an annual relative rate of 0.12 for straw decomposition in England, whereas gross decomposition rates in Nigeria were 0.5 those of laboratory rates. Both the decomposable and recalcitrant organic matter were found to be affected by the extent of physical protection within the soil. The extent of protection was simulated and compared to data from experimental studies on the persistence of 14C-labelled amino acids in soil. The extent of protection influenced the steady-state levels of soil carbon upon cultivation more than did the original decomposition rates of the plant residues.

scholarly journals Considerations of providing patent and trademark assistance services at one's library

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Griffis ◽  
Jared Hoppenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Background Information ◽  
United States Patent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Commitment ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
States Patent ◽  
Provide Background Information

PurposeThe authors' goal in writing this article was to provide background information and detailed considerations to assist those wishing to provide patent and trademark assistance at their libraries. The major considerations include staffing, spaces and resources, with the time commitment from the staff being the most significant.Design/methodology/approachThis paper combined the experiences of an author relatively new to patent and trademark librarianship with one who has years of experience. These were used in tandem with knowledge gained from a decade of attendance at annual week-long seminars at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) as well as by way of a comprehensive literature review.FindingsThe main commitment needed in providing patent and trademark services to the public is not money but the investment of time, which includes professional development, staffing, teaching classes and workshops, outreach and consultations.Originality/valueThe information in this paper should serve as guidance to anyone new to providing patent and trademark services within their libraries, including those at Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs), Patent Information Centres (PATLIBs) and beyond. Although articles have been published on various aspects of intellectual property (IP) and libraries, a comprehensive guide to providing patent and trademark services has yet to be published.

scholarly journals The Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of Fuzi and Ganjiang Extraction on LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia and Its Intervention Function on Depression-Like Behavior of Cancer-Related Fatigue Model Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songwei Yang ◽  
Yantao Yang ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Huiqin Wang ◽  
Qidi Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue

The Chinese herb couple Fuzi and Ganjiang (FG) has been a classic combination of traditional Chinese medicine that is commonly used clinically in China for nearly 2000 years. Traditional Chinese medicine suggests that FG can treat various ailments, including heart failure, fatigue, gastrointestinal upset, and depression. Neuroinflammation is one of the main pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases in which microglia cells play a critical role in the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation. FG has been clinically proven to have an efficient therapeutic effect on depression and other neurological disorders, but its mechanism remains unknown. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a serious threat to the quality of life of cancer patients and is characterized by both physical and psychological fatigue. Recent studies have found that neuroinflammation is a key inducement leading to the occurrence and development of CRF. Traditional Chinese medicine theory believes that extreme fatigue and depressive symptoms of CRF are related to Yang deficiency, and the application of Yang tonic drugs such as Fuzi and Ganjiang can relieve CRF symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In order to define whether FG can inhibit CRF depression-like behavior by suppressing neuroinflammation, we conducted a series of experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. According to the UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE results, we speculated that there were 49 compounds in the FG extraction, among which 30 compounds were derived from Fuzi and 19 compounds were derived from Ganjiang. Our research data showed that FG can effectively reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-α, ROS, NO, and PGE2 and suppress the expression of iNOS and COX2, which were related to the inhibition of NF-κB/activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In addition, our research results revealed that FG can improve the depression-like behavior performance of CRF model mice in the tail suspension test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swimming test, which were associated with the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX2 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of CRF model mice. Those research results suggested that FG has a satisfactory effect on depression-like behavior of CRF, which was related to the inhibition of neuroinflammation.

Commentary on Class 2/3 Piping Rules

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Slagis
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Provide Background Information

Much of the piping in a nuclear plant is designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Class 2 or 3 requirements. The Code rules are given in NC/ND-3600 of Section III. These rules were developed from the B31.1 rules, and incorporated into Section III 1971 for nuclear components. However, the Class 2/3 piping Code requirements have changed significantly since that time. There is not a criteria document available from ASME that describes the Class 2/3 piping rules. The purpose of this paper is to provide background information and a discussion of the Code stress limits so that the piping analyst can properly interpret the meaning of the Code requirements.

Deconstructing Racial Stigma in the Therapeutic Relationship

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Y. Billingsley ◽  
Donté R. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Racial Stigma ◽  
Provide Background Information

This chapter seeks to deconstruct racial stigma of mental illness held by counselors within the therapeutic relationship. The authors will provide counselors with practical tools that will help them work through their own prejudices, discriminations, and stereotypes about people of color and mental illness. This chapter will provide background information on stigma, specifically racial stigma, the process for incorporating theoretical variation in clinical work, and its importance. Additionally, the authors will explore best practices that will help counselors obtain the knowledge and skills needed to effectively work with a variety of clients who are racially and ethnically diverse.

Deconstructing Racial Stigma in the Therapeutic Relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 1431-1444
Author(s):  
Katrina Y. Billingsley ◽  
Donté R. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Racial Stigma ◽  
Provide Background Information

This chapter seeks to deconstruct racial stigma of mental illness held by counselors within the therapeutic relationship. The authors will provide counselors with practical tools that will help them work through their own prejudices, discriminations, and stereotypes about people of color and mental illness. This chapter will provide background information on stigma, specifically racial stigma, the process for incorporating theoretical variation in clinical work, and its importance. Additionally, the authors will explore best practices that will help counselors obtain the knowledge and skills needed to effectively work with a variety of clients who are racially and ethnically diverse.

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