Land Sovereignty as A Counter-Hegemony Against The Corporate Food Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqul Mujib
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Food System ◽  
Global South ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Working Community ◽  
La Via Campesina

Abtract: The global food regime has failed and led to a food crisis. However, food regime can transform from time to time in order to dominatethe food system globally. The current food regime is also known as the corporate food regime. In this period, capital accumulation reorganization is no longer centered in the state, but in multinational corporations. Therefore, there needs to be a framework to address the transformation in order to provide an effective alternative food system, especially for the Global South. This study elaborates on how land sovereignty initiated by La Via Campesina can be a counter-hegemony against the corporate food regime to get out of the crisis of capital accumulation through massive land investments, especially in the Global South. Moreover, this paper refers to Friedmann and McMichael’s (1989) concept about the food regime and examines such conditions by using Gramsci’s (1971) ideas on hegemony. In conclusion, the land sovereignty concept can be considered to be an effective alternative framework to deal with the hegemony of neoliberal globalism for five reasons, namely: 1) the possibility of using various property rights systems; 2) the possibility to be implemented through land reform redistribution policy with several adjustments;  3) the probability to be a common platform because the concept recognizes land not only as a resource but also as culture and as a landscape; 4) the probability to be connected with other campaigns; and 5) the probability to be connected with political work of the broader working community globally.Intisari: Rezim Korporasi Pangan telah gagal dan memicu terjadinya krisis pangan. Meskipun demikian, rezim pangan dapat bertransformasi dari waktu ke waktu untuk menghegemoni sistem pangan secara global. Rezim pangan saat ini juga juga dikenal sebagai rezim korporasi pangan. Dalam periode ini, reorganisasi akumulasi kapital tidak lagi berpusat pada negara, tetapi pada korporasi-korporasi multinasional. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya sebuah kerangka untuk menjawab transformasi tersebut sehingga mampu menawarkan sebuah sistem pangan alternatif yang efektif, khususnya bagi negara-negara Global Selatan. Kajian ini mengelaborasi bagaimana kedaulatan tanah yang diinisiasi oleh La Via Campesina dapat menjadi kontra hegemoni melawan rezim korporasi pangan untuk bisa keluar dari krisis akumulasi kapital akibat investasi-investasi tanah yang masif terutama di Global Selatan. Tulisan ini merujuk pada konsep dari Friedmann dan McMichaels (1989) mengenai rezim pangan dan mengkaji beberapa situasi dengan menggunakan ide Gramsci mengenai hegemoni. Kesimpulannya, konsep kedaulatan tanah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai sebuah alternatif kerangka yang efektif untuk menghadapi hegemoni globalisme neoliberal untuk 5 alasan, yaitu: dimungkinkannya menggunakan berbagai sistem hak kepemilikan, kemungkinan untuk diimplementasikan melalui kebijakan land reform redistributif dengan sejumlah penyesuaian, peluang untuk menjadi platform umum karena konsep tanah tidak lagi hanya dipahami sebagai sumberdaya, tetapi sebagai budaya dan lanskap, peluang untuk menghubungkannya dengan kampanye yang lain serta kerja politik pada tataran kerja komunitas luas secara global. 

Intellectual Property Rights, Biotechnology and Discourses of Development: Internal Contradictions and Forms of Resistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishana Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Food System ◽  
Global South ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Biotechnological Inventions ◽  
Global Food

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights identifies freedom from hunger and malnutrition as a fundamental human right of every individual. The current global food crisis undermines this right and has multi‐faceted repercussions for poverty reduction and sustainable development in the Global South. A plethora of explanations have been proposed regarding the causes of the current food crisis, while a biotechnological solution involving the expansion of Genetically Modified (GM) seeds in the Global South has gained renewed momentum and simultaneously increased resistance. This presentation will provide a nuanced understanding of the promotion of IPRs and biotechnological ‘inventions’ as contemporary facets of a hegemonic modernization discourse of development. By first critically examining the development of IPRs and their relation to biotechnology I provide a basis for understanding the internal contradictions of this technologically reductionist discourse. Using a detailed case study from India, I then illustrate the way in which the internal contradictions of this discourse result in particular forms of resistance which significantly challenge the structure of the global food system.

scholarly journals Middlemen Market Power and Land Reform Policy Implication: An Imperfect Competition Analysis for the Traditional Food Market of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ngo Chi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Food System ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Food Market

The traditional food distribution system is often characterized by small farmers and of several retailer called middlemen who sell their products on market. Since the intermediaries and their market powers are largely considerable in the food market, this paper proposes an industrial organization model of the middlemen in this conventional food distribution system for developing countries. Since most of the works in this field has adopted an empirical approach, the focus of our study in this paper will be instead on theoretical model. In order to analyze this situation, we borrow several arguments from the theory of imperfect competition. We assume that middlemen have oliopsony and oligopoly power in the up and down stream of the food system. We defined the consumer behavior by discrete choice model and study the quantity flow from small producers to the consumers by mean of Cournot competition. We address the question of land reform policy implication by creating a productivity shock in order to examine the effect of this instrument on the wealth of both farmers and consumers.

Land Reform in the Era of Neoliberalism: Case Studies From the Global South

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. iii-vi ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Mccusker ◽  
Alistair Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Global South

scholarly journals Colonisation, the New World Order, and the eradication of traditional food habits in East Africa: historical perspective on the nutrition transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Raschke ◽  
Bobby Cheema
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
New World ◽  
Food System ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
World Order ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
New World Order

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss factors which have underpinned the nutrition transition in the countries of East Africa, including Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, from early colonisation to the current, oppressive political–economic structure.ResultsColonisation and neocolonisation in accordance with the desires of the New World Order have ensured the systematic extirpation of indigenous and traditional food habits in East Africa. These indigenous and traditional food habits, associated with myriad health benefits, have been progressively replaced by the globalised food system of the multinational corporations, a system inherently associated with the creation of non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemics throughout this region and globally. While the simplification of the East African food culture may be most apparent today, the nutrition transition has actually occurred over the past 400 years, since the onset of colonial occupation.ConclusionsIt is imperative that greater efforts be directed towards exposing the colonial and neocolonial forces which have undermined food security and health status in East Africa. Heightened awareness of these forces is essential for proposing genuine solutions to the nutrition transition and related NCD epidemics throughout this region and, indeed, worldwide.

scholarly journals Hungry for Progress? Enacting Food Sovereignty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Natasha Kula-Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Constructing Knowledge ◽  
La Via Campesina

<p>This research builds upon and utilises an emerging field of food and development theory – food sovereignty – as it discusses possibilities for an alternative food system, where the production, distribution and consumption of food may be guided by principles that foster a holistic, ethical and sustainable approach.  The theory of food sovereignty has grown from the writings of La Via Campesina (a global movement of food producers in the Global South) and offers critiques of the current food system, food security and corporate globalisation. As I grapple with the key principles of food sovereignty and explore the ways in which they are visible within Wellington, Aotearoa, I interact with five key organisations and present ways their actions foster a food sovereignty paradigm. By blending the theoretical with the practical, this thesis presents the lived experiences of people working in; Koanga Institute, Biofarm, Commonsense Organics, Workerbe and Kaibosh.  Bringing together the perspectives of these five organisations with relevant literature, this thesis first discusses some potential market-based solutions for achieving ethical consumption. It then examines ideas around the move to ‘grow something’ as a tool for resistance, reclaiming spaces and healing; to finally explore the ways in which a more holistic approach to food can nurture spiritual connections in profound and unique ways.  Hungry for Progress? Enacting Food Sovereignty is a qualitative research project that embraces notions of positionality and reflexivity and shares my journey of living this research. Through exploring the food sovereignty narratives and worldviews, I seek to promote empowerment among individuals and organisations through constructing knowledge that supports postcolonial, feminist and activist interactions so that good change in the food system (and beyond) may become a reality.</p>

The study of international aid as a form of innovation

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ian R. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Agricultural Surplus

Discussions concerning development aid and its planning have fallen into a rut. Those interested in this area have focused on certain problems, namely, the concentration of resources for purposes of productive investment and the direction of investment into the correct channels. The first problem has elicited methods of resource raising via nationalization of foreign investment, land-reform and the growth of primitive capital accumulation or an agricultural surplus, private investment (industrial or otherwise) and the prevalent importation of foreign aid.

scholarly journals Leaderships in the Global South: On BP Koirala's Economic Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Ratna Mani Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Global South ◽  
Underdeveloped Country ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Economic Modernization

Political leaderships in the global south emerged in course of anti-colonial movements or movements against domestic authoritarianism. The leaderships in these liberation movements also laid foundation for social and economic development of the respective countries, besides political transformation. This article analyzes economic thinking of BP Koirala of Nepal, who led the land-locked country to transform from Rana oligarchy to political democracy. Information by interviews and narrative analysis show that BP's economic perspectives were in germinal form, though he discussed on varieties of issues such as industrialization, land reform, tax, foreign aid, technology and planning. BP's concept on these economic issues represent desire and aspirations of a land-locked underdeveloped country Nepal in the fifties, which was about to relieve it from Rana oligarchy and embark into socio-economic modernization. His ideas were contextual that refer to his ideals of democracy and socialism and his affiliation with foreign leaderships and institutions. Besides the pursuit of economic development, BP's views on economy represent his political strategies to counteract feudal social and political order, seek his leadership's legitimacy, and build a broader coalition for political objectives. Nevertheless, BP's economic views seem to be people centric and hence tend to influence governments as prescription policies. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-1: 21-29

Wealth inequality, redistribution and local development: The case of land reform in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Percoco
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data

The role of wealth inequality for local development has long been neglected, although some literature has pointed out its relevance in explaining entrepreneurial and education investment. Among the typologies of assets composing individuals’ wealth, land is of paramount importance in underdeveloped economies specialised in agriculture. Land reforms in terms of redistribution of land ownership are hence expected to boost development through an increase in entrepreneurship rate and human capital stock. In this paper, we consider land reform in Italy, which took place in the 1950s in specific areas across the country. By adopting an Oaxaca-Blinder regression method and using data at a city level on the implementation of the reform for Puglia–Basilicata–Molise in the South of Italy and, as robustness checks, for Maremma in the Centre and Delta del Po in the North of Italy, we have found a positive impact of land redistribution on human capital accumulation and a less significant impact on employment and firm location.

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