South Korea’s lift-off to development: The role of Human Capital and Productivity in economic growth, 1960-1979

South Korea is a case of impressive economic growth: a previously underdeveloped country that, after the 1960s, embarked on a process to achieve development before other underdeveloped countries. South Korea is also a case where innovation processes move from imitation to self-creation thanks to a quick updating or “catching up” process. South Korea’s journey from underdevelopment to development has sparked a rich and well-founded debate within economic theory. These debates weigh the roles of productive factors (Physical, Human, Social, and Financial Capital, Labor, resources, environment), economic agents (State, Firms, Banks), and international trade factors (FDI, Imports, Exports) on its growth process. The central argument of this article establishes that Capital is the central variable that explains the successful outcome of the Korean growth miracle. However, Capital composition is even more important. The impact of Human Capital on the growth process evinces a synergy with Knowledge development. We modify the Solow model using Human, Physical Capital, and Total Factor Productivity as independent variables in a Multivariable Regression Model for the period between 1960 and 1979 on Output per worker. We conclude that Human Capital and Productivity are just as important as Physical Capital for explaining growth per worker in South Korea due their synergistic properties. The study is restricted to the years prior to Park Chung-Hee’s rise to power and ends with his assassination.

Emotional positioning in British news reports about Dover and Essex migrant tragedies: A corpus-based study

This article, based on the Appraisal System, investigates British journalists’ different attitudes toward China and Vietnam in British news reports about the Dover migrant tragedy in 2000 and the Essex migrant tragedy in 2019. By analyzing affect resources in a newly built corpus with the help of UAM Corpus Tool 3.3, this study finds that more negative affect resources are used to portray China than those depicting Vietnam. British journalists manipulated emotions to emphasize that China, whether in 2000 or 2019, was a backward and underdeveloped country where citizens tried all means to escape to Britain. However, when British journalists found that the victims were Vietnamese instead of Chinese, they shifted attention to the pitiful Vietnamese families of the victims and tended to arouse readers’ sympathy. The corpus findings highlight the ideological contradiction between Britain and China, reveal Britain’s distrust to China’s system, and suggest that the different comprehensive national powers of China and Vietnam have different impacts on Britain’s international status, verifying that news discourse is permeated by ideology, politics, and economy.

Relationship between the Dynamic Parameters of a Structure’s Vibration Process and the Loading Model Moving on a Bridge

A sufficiently strict conduction of supervision during bridge operation is a crucial matter for many countries, including the underdeveloped country of Viet Nam. In recent times, the budgets in developed countries used for funding the implementation of quality-assessment procedures are quite high compared to the lower budgets in underdeveloped countries. The plan proposed in this work addresses the current lack of information available in the process of structure-quality evaluation. The vibration signals will be acquired from the random circulation status to determine the structure’s behavior so as to utilize the signal information during the bridge span’s operation. The study’s main goal is to find various parameters that can be used to evaluate the actual bridge performance. These parameters must meet certain criteria, such as high sensitivity, low measurement cost, and efficiency in the measurement process, but must not affect the itinerary of vehicles moving on the bridge. The actual structural vibration signals used in this work currently serve as a best trend model for evaluating the operation of the bridge span structure. This study will focus on determining the relationship among deflection, acceleration, and vehicle load so as to evaluate the structure’s working process. This study has also fabricated an experimental model to evaluate and test the sensitivity of the parameters utilized in this study in order to verify the results obtained. The results obtained in this research will be applied for the quality-control process in several bridge models with span structures built with the composite steel concrete cross section of the beam. Many developing countries, including Viet Nam, will receive benefit in the future from the useful advantages presented in this study.

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS: AN ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE PROJECT

To enhance the learning objectives of the course: Systems Modelling and Simulation (MSE 380), a Design-Based Learning (DBL) project centered on sustainability was developed and has been implemented for five years. The project consists of designing, modeling, and simulating a renewable energy system that solves a particular problem within a predefined scenario. Thescenario changes every year: past scenarios are a remote dwelling, a camping trip, a daily-life setting, a village in an underdeveloped country, and the design of a device that assists in the fight against COVID-19. The design of the system comprises two phases; first renewable energy is harvested and stored, and later the stored energy is used to solve the problem. Students model the systems using statespace representation and linear graphs; and simulate the response as linear, linearized, and nonlinear problems. Project examples for the scenario of underdeveloped villages are: discharge of flooded rice fields during monsoon season in South Asia using pumps, irrigation during the drought season in Northern India using stupas (artificial glaciers), uncovering of a Russian village after sandstorm with mechanical shovels, irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa using solar uplift towers, saving crops from freezing temperatures in rural Iran using solar collectors (as opposed to burning tires which is the current practice), and producing hydroelectricity to power a cooking device in an Amazonian village. Our pedagogical experience with this didactic approach has been very positive. Students are creative and engaged with their own designs. As the project description and requirements have evolved through the years, not only the quality of the projects has improved but also it has had a positive impact on the course learning.

Depression, Stress and Anxiety among Residents of Nepal during COVID-19 Lockdown

Covid-19 illness is a pandemic infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that originated in Wuhan, China. Nepal being a landlocked underdeveloped country is particularly vulnerable to the pandemic. Similarly, the dread of contracting the coronavirus is making people concerned about a global pandemic. It is vital to determine the impact of viral outbursts on mental health. Hence, this study aims to identify level of depression, stress and anxiety during lockdown among Nepalese residents. Cross-section web-based research design was undertaken at Bagmati province, Gandaki province and Lumbini province with four hundred twenty-two (n=422) (n=422) Nepalese residents by using a multistage proportionate stratified random sampling method. The Dass-21 tool was used to assess level of depression, stress and anxiety. Among 422 respondents only 5.9% had extremely severe level of anxiety, whereas 14.5% were moderately depressed, 77.5% did not have any stress during lockdown. There was statistically significant difference between depression and age (p=0.016), depression and sex (p=0.023). Also, there was a significant difference between stress and age (p=0.023), sex (p=0.0263) and education level (p=0.049).It is concluded that more than two-third of the respondentsere found to be in normal ranges for depression, stress and anxiety. Less than one-fourth of respondents had moderate to severe level of anxiety and depression.

Strategic intelligence, organizational development and entrepreneurial behavior

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between manager’s Strategic intelligence, organizational development and entrepreneurial behavior. Design/methodology/approach Data is gathered from the responses of 274 employees from a government agency in an underdeveloped country to three standard questionnaires. Findings The results show significant positive relationships between manager’s SI and OD and manager’s SI and EB but no significant moderating effects of demographic variables with the exception gender which had a significant effect on managers’ SI- EB relationship. Practical implications Therefore to optimize performance and gain a competitive advantage training to improve SI and EB should be provided and consideration should be given to improving internal factors within the organization to promote OD. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by using data collected in a government agency in an underdeveloped country to propose a model of manager’s SI, OD and EB.

Social Marketing Challenges in Western Balkans: Evidence From Kosovo

In a global world, doing business in heavy industry is becoming a concern to the environment. The need for production, export, and consumption under these circumstances has come as a challenge for marketers, consumers and surrounding residential population. The Western Balkan countries include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo. Kosovo has witnessed a considerable economic transformation during recent years, but is has fallen short of considering and implementing a strategy for the preservation of the environment. Kosovo is relatively rich with underground and surface resources, having large quantities of minerals and coal. But despite this, Kosovo continues to be the most underdeveloped country in the region. Exploiting these resources can have a great impact on economic growth and with it, consumer needs are more satisfied. Social marketing has a major impact on the activities of businesses in these areas and ensures that these businesses operate in accordance with certain rules and laws. This would also help in matters of general health of the population. Through Pearson's correlation and case studies, recommendations and conclusions will be given on the studied topic. The results show that there are positive and negative relationships between the variables which are significant.

Are Women Better Energy Managers in a Developing Country?

Energy Management at household level is multifaceted issue due to factors involving gender, education and awareness to energy usage. This study was conducted in Peshawar city, Pakistan which is capital city of the province and densely populated. This study identifies the role of women in energy management at household level keeping in view household’s characteristics in an underdeveloped country. The key factors included were (1) education and job status (2) characteristics of nuclear and joint family system (3) energy consumption pattern of the households and (4) awareness of energy management and its implementation amongst the females in the household. One-way ANOVA test shows that women spend more than three hours while utilizing energy appliances. In addition, awareness of high billing cost per unit, electricity consumption during peak hours’ unit, idea of renewable energy sources and their use cum awareness level was found to be extremely low. The results show that the education of husband and wife is indistinguishable and the females are the major decision makers in carrying the household chores. Males are the sole bread winners of the house and majority of the females are housewives despite of attaining higher education. Despite the fact that women are aware of household energy management, there is still a need for full implementation and awareness among women in the household. Lastly, trend of nuclear family system is making pace in the Pakistan and energy management and utility bills are handled independently. The results can be used for policy making in developing countries.

Bacteriophages; Major Applications and Phage Therapy

An introduction to bacteriophages along with the general areas of application is described with special and detailed discussion of therapeutic uses of phages and phage enzymes. Phage therapy being safer and faster than conventional chemotherapy has been employed for a while but its incorporation into general disease combating methods has to make a few pit stops those being the proper understanding of phage behaviour in vivo among others. The experiments done on model organisms and humans are described. Industrial benefits of phages, their surface cleaning abilities as well as use of bacteriophages in livestock and poultry developement are highlighted. Phages as therapeutics hold a promising future due to their novel nature and mechanism of action for an underdeveloped country like ours.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Profitability: A Study of Bank, Finance and Insurance Companies in Sri Lanka

The corporate social responsibility is essential depute in all organization. So all organizations think about how to achieved that their organization goals in this way one of the aspects as CSR. In this studies the effect of CSR on Profitability. This study tested by relation and impact supported on correlation and regression analysis. The data used were draw from 20 Bank finance and insurance companies in Sri Lanka. Panel data analysed by Bank finance and insurance companies CSR reports were analysed for the period of 2012 - 2016. The effect show that Corporate social responsibility reporting of the bank finance and insurance companies accrued during that time period. The results of the study also explained that there is a significant impact on profitability of the companies. This study was conducted in a underdeveloped country with various environment, economic and social aspects as compared to developed countries.