scholarly journals Transesterification of vegetable oil of higuerilla (ricinuscommunis l) for biofuel generation and cost determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano ◽  
Tanya Beatriz Bravo Mero ◽  
Verónica Dolores Palma Mendoz ◽  
Rosa Delfina Giler Giler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Endemic Flora ◽  
Cost Determination

The limited use of natural resources that are possessed, which implies endemic flora (shrubs, herbs, etc.) and production waste ( leaf litter, various plant fibers, cattle manure, poultry, etc.), which are stacked for later burning and consequently causing pollution to the environment, are some of the problems that are generated at the farm level. The objective of the research was to generate biofuel derived from the mixture of methanol, sodium hydroxide and fig oil in the Mis 2 Principitos del Comuna El Limón farm, Portoviejo canton. Within the methodology to produce biodiesel or biofuel through the transesterification process, castor oil obtained from the fig seed, methanol (methyl alcohol) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) (acid or catalyst) were used. By means of the transesterification in which 0.001 m3 of castor oil, 0.0001 m3 of methanol and 0.01 Kg of potassium hydroxide were used under conditions of an approximate temperature of 60 ° C and 40 rpm of agitation in the stirrer plate, it resulted in 0.001 m3 of biodiesel. Biodiesel can be generated from fig or castor oil, taking advantage of a biomass energy source, which can be used in pump engines for irrigation in farms.

scholarly journals Potential of Renewable Energy Resources from Biomass Derived by Natural Resources In Balikpapan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
Nia Febrianti ◽  
Firilia Filiana ◽  
Primadina Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Potential

Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide, and Potassium Hydroxide on Debranning of Corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
L. Du ◽  
S. R. Eckhoff
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA ROTAN MANAU (Calamus manan sp.) SERTA KARAKTERISASINYA

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven . ◽  
Mardiyati . ◽  
R. Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
High Cellulose

Rattan is one of natural resources of Indonesia which contains 30%-40% cellulose. Its high cellulose contents makes it very potential as a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this research, manau rattan was characterized by using the Chesson methods. Microcrystalline cellulose was prepared by using two methods, i.e. alkalization and acid hydrolysis. Alkalization was performed by soaking manau rattan powder into sodium hydroxide 17,5% for 8 hours. Acid hydrolysis was prepared by using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 M; 0.3 M; and 0.5 M for 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. The crystallinity of MCC was quantitatively measured by XRD and qualitatively measured by using FTIR. In this research, we have successfully made microcrystalline cellulose from manau rattan. The highest crystallinity MCC of 72.42% was obtained from acid hydrolysis with 0.5 M for 10 hours. The crystallinity of the MCC product increases with concentration and hydrolysis time.Keywords: acid hydrolisis, alkalization, cellulose, manau rattan, MCCABSTRAKRotan merupakan salah satu kekayaan hayati Indonesia yang mengisi sepuluh persen hutan di Indonesia yang memiliki kadar selulosa mencapai 30-40%. Kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi membuat rotan sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC). Rotan manau dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode Chesson. Pembuatan mikrokristalin selulosa terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu alkalisasi dan hidrolisi asam. Tahap alkalisasi dilakukan dengan merendam rotan di dalam larutan NaOH 17,5% selama 8 jam. Tahap hidrolisis asam dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam sulfat pada berbagai konsentrasi, yakni 0,1; 0,3 dan 0,5 M selama 4, 6, 8, dan 10 jam. Kristalinitas dari MCC yang dihasilkan diukur dengan menggunakan XRD. Untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia serta kristalinitas MCC secara kualitatif, telah dilakukan karakterisasi dengan menggunakan FTIR. Pada penelitian ini, telah berhasil dibuat MCC yang bersumber dari rotan manau. Kristalinitas MCC tertinggi dihasilkan dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam dengan konsentrasi 0,5 M selama 10 jam, yaitu sebesar 72,42%. Seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi serta waktu hidrolisis, kristalinitas MCC yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.Kata kunci: alkalisasi, hidrolisis asam, selulosa, MCC, rotan manau

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mazni Ismail ◽  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid ◽  
Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

Discussion on the Comprehensive Development Prospect of Biomass Energy Source

节能环保 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Development Prospect ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Domestic Livestock

For the development of domestic livestock husbandry, how to recycle livestock and poultry manure is the most key problem. With the progress of science and technology, with agricultural organic fertilizer and rural energy as the main utilization direction, comprehensively promote the resource utilization of breeding waste, combined with the breeding scale and breeding waste treatment to give certain subsidies and rewards, set the tone for the development of biogas and biomass energy, to provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.

scholarly journals Design and manufacturing of an ultrasonic reactor for biodiesel obtaining by transesterification

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Florez Marulanda ◽  
Daniel Rodrigo Ortega Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Development ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Reaction Speed ◽  
Commercial Equipment

It presents the design, development, and implementation of the ultrasonic reactor in laboratory level for batch transesterification with temperature variation, with a mechanic and electronic modular development, its operational characteristics were obtained through commercial equipment revision. To evaluate its performance, a mixture was made using castor oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide, to obtain biodiesel and glycerin; by taking the glycerin stoichiometric value obtained in the reaction as the reference production value, an efficiency of 97% was reached with only the ultrasound incidence; in the processes with external temperature incidence, it was observed that it influences the reaction speed, since the stabilization times are around 30% less than the other observed processes.

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