scholarly journals Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mazni Ismail ◽  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid ◽  
Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BIOMASS UTILISATION IN THE IRON ORE SINTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Lina Kieush ◽  
Maksym Yaholnyk ◽  
Maksym Boyko ◽  
Andrii Koveria ◽  
Vladyslav Ihnatenko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Ore Sintering ◽  
Preliminary Preparation

Dominating globally and within Ukraine, the blast-furnace practice for iron production requires iron ore sintering preparation wherein the significant amount of fossil fuel is consumed, accompanied by harmful emissions into the environment. Pursuing the purpose to mitigate this negative impact, we address the promising direction of biomass utilisation for a partial replacement of fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. This paper considers the benefits of fossil fuels substitution with biomass, the world practice of biomass utilisation in iron ore sintering and the scope of the biomass energy potential in Ukraine. The study for obtaining sinters with the use of raw biomass fuels (sunflower husk, walnut shell) and charcoal has been carried out via lab-scale sintering pot. The influence of various biomaterials types on the process of iron ore sintering have been investigated and the obtained sinter quality in comparison with the conventional types of the fuels allows establishing the feasibility of replacing 25 % of coke breeze by charcoal or by walnut shell. The sunflower husk application is possible if preliminary preparation of the material for increasing bulk density is assumed to be carried out, for instance, by pressing.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BIOMASS UTILISATION IN THE IRON ORE SINTERING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kieush ◽  
Maksym Yaholnyk ◽  
Maksym Boyko ◽  
Andrii Koveria ◽  
Vladyslav Ihnatenko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Ore Sintering ◽  
Preliminary Preparation

<p class="AMSmaintext">Dominating globally and within Ukraine, the blast-furnace practice for iron production requires iron ore sintering preparation wherein the significant amount of fossil fuel is consumed, accompanied by harmful emissions into the environment. Pursuing the purpose to mitigate this negative impact, we address the promising direction of biomass utilisation for a partial replacement of fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. This paper considers the benefits of fossil fuels substitution with biomass, the world practice of biomass utilisation in iron ore sintering and the scope of the biomass energy potential in Ukraine. The study for obtaining sinters with the use of raw biomass fuels (sunflower husk, walnut shell) and charcoal has been carried out via lab-scale sintering pot. The influence of various biomaterials types on the process of iron ore sintering have been investigated and the obtained sinter quality in comparison with the conventional types of the fuels allows establishing the feasibility of replacing 25 % of coke breeze by charcoal or by walnut shell. The sunflower husk application is possible if preliminary preparation of the material for increasing bulk density is assumed to be carried out, for instance, by pressing.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluasi Efektivitas Metode dan Media Filtrasi pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Tahu

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-575
Author(s):  
Anisa Nur Sitasari ◽  
Adian Khoironi
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Do Concentration

Peningkatan jumlah industri tahu di Indonesia diiringi dengan meningkatnya jumlah limbah industri tahu yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Limbah tahu dengan kandungan bahan organik tinggi memberikan dampak negatif bagi sistem perairan jika dibuang tanpa adanya pengolahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari metode yang efektif dalam mengolah limbah tahu dengan variasi media filtrasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode yang diperlakukan pada 2 kolom filtrasi dengan media filtrasi yang berbeda. Susunan media utama pada kolom filtrasi 1 berupa bioball dan kolom filtrasi 2 berupa bioring. Metode  batch dan kontinyu diperlakukan pada dua jenis kolom filtrasi tersebut. Ketinggian total media filtrasi untuk setiap kolom adalah 20 cm dengan volume air limbah 5 liter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas air limbah tahu pada sampel hari ke 1 dengan terjadinya penurunan konsentrasi COD pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 18,12%. Peningkatan konsentrasi DO paling optimal pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode kontinyu sebanyak 18,03%. Selanjutnya konsentrasi pH terjadi peningkatan secara signifikan pada kolom 2 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 41,27%. Sedangkan penurunan konsentrasi kekeruhan diperoleh pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 57,22%. Perlakuan limbah tahu dengan metode batch pada waktu tinggal 1 hari memberikan peningkatan kualitas air limbah tahu yang lebih baik meskipun pada waktu tinggal yang lebih lama terjadi penurunan kualitas akibat terjadinya proses dekomposisi yang tidak terkontrol. Lebih lanjut, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan melibatkan mikroorganisme selektif pada penyaring lambat dengan metode batch agar dihasilkan penurunan konsentrasi COD yang lebih signifikan. ABSTRACTThe increase in the number of tofu industries in Indonesia is accompanied by an increase in the amount of tofu industrial waste that needs special attention. Tofu waste with high organic matter content has a negative impact on aquatic systems if it is disposed of without treatment. The aim of this research was to study the effective method of treating tofu waste with a variety of filtration media. This research was conducted using 2 methods which were treated on 2 filtration columns with different filtration media. The composition of the main media in first filtration column is bioball and second filtration column is bioring. Batch and continuous methods are applied to the two types of filtration columns. The total height of the filtration media for each column is 20 cm with a volume of 5 liters of wastewater. The results showed an increase in the quality of tofu wastewater on the first day of the sample with a decrease in COD concentration in first column with the batch method treatment of 18.12%. The most optimal increase in DO concentration in first column with continuous method treatment was 18.03%. Furthermore, the pH concentration increased significantly in second column with the batch method treatment as much as 41.27%. While the decrease in turbidity concentration was obtained in column 1 with batch method treatment as much as 57.22%. The treatment of tofu waste using the batch method at a residence time of 1 day provides a better-quality improvement of tofu wastewater although at a longer residence time there is a decrease in quality due to an uncontrolled decomposition process. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct research involving selective microorganisms in a slow filter with a batch method in order to produce a more significant reduction in COD concentration.

scholarly journals Food Waste Composting and Microbial Community Structure Profiling

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishneth Palaniveloo ◽  
Muhammad Azri Amran ◽  
Nur Azeyanti Norhashim ◽  
Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi ◽  
Fang Peng-Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism

Over the last decade, food waste has been one of the major issues globally as it brings a negative impact on the environment and health. Rotting discharges methane, causing greenhouse effect and adverse health effects due to pathogenic microorganisms or toxic leachates that reach agricultural land and water system. As a solution, composting is implemented to manage and reduce food waste in line with global sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review compiles input on the types of organic composting, its characteristics, physico-chemical properties involved, role of microbes and tools available in determining the microbial community structure. Composting types: vermi-composting, windrow composting, aerated static pile composting and in-vessel composting are discussed. The diversity of microorganisms in each of the three stages in composting is highlighted and the techniques used to determine the microbial community structure during composting such as biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and single strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP), microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are discussed. Overall, a good compost, not only reduces waste issues, but also contributes substantially to the economic and social sectors of a nation.

scholarly journals The current status, challenges and prospects of using biomass energy in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natei Ermias Benti ◽  
Gamachis Sakata Gurmesa ◽  
Tegenu Argaw ◽  
Abreham Berta Aneseyee ◽  
Solomon Gunta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Biomass Availability

AbstractDespite enormous challenges in accessing sustainable energy supplies and advanced energy technologies, Ethiopia has one of the world's fastest growing economies. The development of renewable energy technology and the building of a green legacy in the country are being prioritized. The total installed capacity for electricity generation in Ethiopia is 4324.3 MW as on October, 2018. Renewable energy accounts for 96.5% of total generation; however, despite the county's enormous biomass energy potential, only 0.58% of power is generated using biomass. Ethiopia has surplus woody biomass, crop residue and animal dung resources which comprise about 141.8 million metric tons of biomass availability per year. At present the exploited potential is about 71.9 million metric tons per year. This review paper provides an in-depth assessment of Ethiopia's biomass energy availability, potential, challenges, and prospects. The findings show that, despite Ethiopia's vast biomass resource potential, the current use of modern energy from biomass is still limited. As a result, this study supports the use of biomass-based alternative energy sources without having a negative impact on the socioeconomic system or jeopardizing food security or the environment. This finding also shows the challenges, opportunities and possible solutions to tackle the problem to expand alternative energy sources. The most effective techniques for producing and utilizing alternate energy sources were also explored. Moreover, some perspectives are given based on the challenges of using efficient energy production and sustainable uses of biomass energy in Ethiopia as it could be also implemented in other developing countries. We believe that the information in this review will shed light on the current and future prospects of biomass energy deployment in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Muhammad Izwadi Zailan ◽  
Nabihah Azron ◽  
Norazah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Index Value

Turning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at ratios of 5%,10% and 15% for briquetting purpose were investigated in terms of its chemical and physical characteristics. Result showed that the briquette formed using the starch as the binder performed better in combustion quality than that of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A good quality of charcoal briquette has capability to withstand impact during packaging, handling, and transportation. Standard physical characteristic that was tested for briquette includes moisture content, compressive strength, and impact resistance. Calorific value of briquette was studied to analyse energy content in the briquette. The study showed that food waste charcoal has calorific value comparable to that of the commercial charcoal. However, the addition of binders showed some reduction in the energy content, with more reduction when CMC is added. In terms of combustion characteristic, the addition of binders does not alter the combustion profile in comparison to the raw food waste charcoal’s profile. The ignition and burnout temperatures of the food waste charcoal briquette showed a better performance with and without binders as compared to the commercial charcoal.  In terms of physical characteristics, CMC has showed as an excellent binder with highest shatter index value. Overall, in terms of chemical properties, addition of 10% starch showed a better performance, while addition of 10% CMC showed a better performance in terms of physical characteristics. This finding is beneficial for briquette industry in the development of green product using biomass, but further research is essential before production of briquette take place.

scholarly journals Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Brajesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Plastic Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractLandfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5–20 yr old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies include determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.7 to 31.3% and no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.9 to 71.7% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.4 to 21.8 MJ kg− 1. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.

scholarly journals Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Brajesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Plastic Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Landfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5-20 yr old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies included determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.7 to 31.3%, however, no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.9 to 71.7% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.4 to 21.8 MJ kg-1. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.

scholarly journals Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Brajesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Plastic Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Landfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5 - 20 years old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies included determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.70 to 31.30%, however, no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.94% to 71.66% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.35 MJ/kg to 21.83 MJ/kg. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.

scholarly journals Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Brajesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Plastic Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Landfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5 - 20 years old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies included determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.70 to 31.30%, however, no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.94% to 71. 66% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.35 MJ/kg to 21.83 MJ/kg. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document