scholarly journals Biological technologies are the factors of winter wheat productivity improvement

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Melnik ◽  
B. S. Kondrashin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Bare Fallow

The studies were conducted in 2012–2014 in OOO “Znamenskoe” in the Znamensky district of the Orlov region in order to determine the influence of forecrops on winter wheat productivity. Field trials have shown that the forecrops have a great effect on soil moisture. The use of weedfree fallow and oil radish as green manure crop provides 1.3–3% soil moisture increase in the 0–10 cm layer before winter wheat sowing compared with annual grasses. Sown in bare fallow, winter wheat infestation was on 17.6–18.8% less in the tillering phase compared with the use of oil radish oil as green manure crop and annual grasses for green mass. It was determined that the forecops had an effect on the height of winter wheat plants. In weedfree fallow it was the maximum (122.7–127.1 cm), depending on the fertilizing ratio, which was on 8.0–10.3 cm more than in other variants of the trial. It was established that winter wheat sown in bare fallow exceeded other variants by the number of productive stems, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight on 2.1–7.2; 1.7–4.4; 13.9–19.5% respectively. This ensured a higher productivity of winter wheat. It has been identified that the use of oil radish improves the winter wheat quality, namely protein and gluten content, grain unit on 2.0–2.2, 1.4–2.2; 11–12.5 g/l respectively. The norm of mineral fertilizers N98R64K64 in comparison with N66R32K32 in all forecrops provided an increase in protein and gluten content on 0.4–0.7% and 0.7–2.6% respectively. Thus, biological technologies provide productivity improvement of winter wheat.

scholarly journals The influence of biological formulations on sugar beet productivity and the biofuel output in the conditions of the western Polissya Ukraine

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Sychuk ◽  
T. V. Cherevko ◽  
K. V. Myskovets
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article presents the results of studies on the impact of biological products on sugar beet productivity and biofuel yield in Western Polissia. Conclusions. The use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150 P100 K150 + green manure provided the best yield of sugar beet roots of 58.1 t/ha. Biofuel output was 4.7 t/ha for bioethanol and 13.6 m3 for biogas. The highest profitability of growing sugar beet for biofuels (116%) was noted for the introduction of BTU (universal) + mustard white as a green manure crop.

EFFECT OF BENTONITE CLAY ON THE IRRIGATION NORM OF WINTER WHEAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S Abdurakhmonov ◽  
I Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bentonite Clays

In the experiments conducted on typical serozem soils in the Tashkent region, two soil moisture levels of 60-70-60 and 70-80-70% of LFMC were studied, and two norms of mineral fertilizers NPK: 200-140-100 and 150-105-75 kg/ha with additional application of bentonite clays in the amount of 1500-3000-4500 kg/ha for plowing before sowing of winter wheat. The obtained data show that when watering with soil moisture 60-70-60% of LFMC with application of mineral fertilizers with NPK norms: 200-140-100 and 150-105-75 kg/ha and application of bentonite clays in the amount of 1500, 3000 and 4500 kg/ha, the saving of irrigation water in comparison with the control variant, respectively, amounted to 770 m3/ha, 810 m3/ha and 850 m3/ha, and the grain yield increase of 6,9-8,8-10,1 c/ha from the norm of mineral NPK fertilizers: 200-140-100 kg/ha, and an increase in the grain yield of 11,3-13,4-14,7 centner/ha from the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 150-105-75 kg/ha. Carrying out irrigations with soil moisture of 70-80-70% of LFMC with the use of mineral fertilizers together with bentonite clay in the amount of 1500-3000-4500 kg/ha, the saving of irrigation water in comparison with the control was 630 m3/ha, 790 m3/ha and 890 m3/ha, where the increase in the grain yield increased 6,3-8,9-10,7 c/ha with the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 200-140-100 kg/ha, and 10,4-12,9-14,6 centners per hectare with the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 150-105-75 kg/ha.

Changes in organic part of the soil and acid-base balance depending on green manure fertilization in podzolized chernozem

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
G. Hospodarenko ◽  
O. Lysianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the changes in the content and stock of organic substances as well as the reaction of the soil en- vironment depending on the impact of different types of fertilization of green-manured fallows. Methods. Field studies were conducted on podzolized heavy loamy chernozem, on loess, in conditions of Right-Bank Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental design included: sweet clover with the seeding rate of 20 kg/ha, white mustard – 20, oilseed radish – 20, spring vetch – 150, and buckwheat – 150 kg/ha with the following fertilization variants: no fertilizers – control; N 40 ; P 40 K 40 ; N 40 K 40 ; N 40 P 40 ; N 40 P 40 K 40 ; N 80 P 40 K 40 . The content of total carbon and nitrogen were defi ned using Anstett’s method, modifi ed by Ponomariova and Nikolaeva; the content of total humus in the soil prior to sowing winter wheat (the impact of green manure for a year) – according to DSTU 4289:2004, pH of the water extract – according to DSTU ISO 10390:2007. Results. Nitrogen-carbon ratio was in the range from 11.1 to 11.8 in the biomass of leguminous crops and from 18.8 to 20.7 – in root remains, and its highest value was observed in root remains of Brassicaceae crops – from 28.8 to 34.5 depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. Compared to bare fallow, green manure fertilization promotes humus preservation in the soil. The de- crease in the level of humus intension of the soil by 0.01–0.04 % was registered both in the surface and subsurface layers in conditions of bare fallow compared to green-manured fallow. 1.67 t/ha of humus is mineralized in the soil of bare fallow. The transformation of green manure biomass allows accumulating 1.15–2.05 t/ha of humus depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. When the Cruciferae family (white mustard and oilseed rad- ish) are used as green manure, the isohumus index is 1.52–1.55, 1.67–1.69 – for the Leguminosae (annual sweet clover and spring vetch), and 1.52–1.60 – for buckwheat, depending on fertilization. The humifi cation coeffi cient for vegetative biomass of oilseed radish is 0.023, for spring vetch – 0.027, for buckwheat – 0.033, for white mustard – 0.035, and for annual sweet clover – 0.036. The administration of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers conditions the decrease in the coeffi cient of green manure fertilization. Conclusions. The application of green manure both with and without fertilizers compared to bare fallow promotes the preservation of humus content in the soil. The transfer of calcium from lower layers to the arable soil layer, performed by the plant root system in green-manured fallow, decreases active acidity of the soil.

Productivity, water use and nitrogen fixation of annual-legume green-manure crops in the Dark Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
L. D. Bailey ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
W. A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Legume Green Manure

Both large-seeded annual legumes (pulse crops) and small-seeded annual or perennial legumes (forage crops) fix nitrogen (N) and can improve soil organic matter and fertility when used for green manuring. The role of pulses as green-manure crops has not been adequately evaluated in the Prairies, as they have been grown primarily as cash seed crops. An experiment was conducted in the Dark Brown soil zone at Saskatoon over four growing seasons on a moderately heavy-textured soil to determine the productivity, nitrogen fixation and soil moisture use of pea (Pisum sativum L. ’Trapper’), faba bean (Vicia faba L. ’Outlook’), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ’Eston’ and ’Indianhead’), Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus L. ’Tinga’) and seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Moapa’) as green-manure substitutes for summerfallow. Dry-matter production (above ground) by full bloom averaged 6390, 4140, 3590, 2930 and 1260 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Nitrogen yields were 166, 108, 119, 81 and 36 kg ha−1 and N fixation rates were 40, 15, 40, 24 and 4 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Green-manure used similar amounts of water as wheat grown to maturity. Snow trapping by desiccating the standing green-manure crop was ineffective in increasing soil water in the spring. Low seeding rate and thus low cost of production made lentil the most reasonable choice as an annual-legume green-manure crop. However, improved methods of water conservation must be found to replace the water used to grow the green-manure crop. Key words: Pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea, green manure, soil moisture

scholarly journals Variability in 1000 kernel weight of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes depending on ecological and agrotechnical factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydov ◽  
I. Pravdziva ◽  
V. Hudzenko ◽  
O. Demyanyuk ◽  
N. Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Sowing Dates

In the ecological conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine) the influence of growing season conditions (2016-17–2018-19), sowing dates (September 26, October 5, October 16) and different preceding crops (green manure, mustard, soybean, sunflower, corn) on variability of 1000 kernel weight of seventeen modern genotypes of winter wheat was investigated. Under environments of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe, significant variability in the trait depending on the factors under study was revealed. Part of sum square for the growing season conditions in the variation of 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat was the most (63.2%). Part of sum square for genotype was 7.0%, for preceding crop it was 4.8%, for sowing dates it was 0.4%. In terms of growing season, the variation in part of sum square was 23.5–30.1% for genotype, 12.7–39.8% for preceding crop, 0.8–6.1% for sowing date, and 2.0–26.5% for interactions between them. During the period of the study, on average for all genotypes, the maximum 1000 kernel weight was obtained after green manure (42.6 g), the least one was after soybean (39.0 g). When changing the sowing dates from September 26 to October 16, it was revealed a general tendency of decrease 1000 kernel weight after the preceding crops mustard, sunflower, corn, and soybean. Significant differences in the response of genotypes under study on the sowing dates after different preceding crops were revealed. The most influence on 1000 kernel weight was established for preceding crops in the variety MIP Darunok and for sowing dates in the variety MIP Vidznaka. There were distinguished the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, Avrora myronivska, MIP Darunok which significantly exceeded the standard by 1000 kernel weight on average through the growing season conditions, sowing dates, and preceding crops.

scholarly journals Management of Native Soil Nitrogen for Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Higher Rice Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav R. Pandey ◽  
S. C. Shah ◽  
M. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Bare Fallow

Present production of rice is far below its reported potential yield because of being Ndeficiency, the major constraint. Because of poverty, small farmers have to rely on native soil N-supply. Between wheat harvest and rice transplanting, a dry-to-wet season transition (DWT) period exist with changing soil moisture from aerobic to anaerobic and a large amount of native soil N loss is hypothesized. To study soil N dynamism and possible management options for DWT, two years field experiments were conducted in Chitwan with four land management treatments like bare fallow, mucuna, mungbean and maize. Treatments were randomly allotted in 10 m<sup>2</sup> plots. During DWT, building up of 50-75 kg of nitrate-N was observed at 60-75 % field capacity (FC) soil moisture but lost after flooding through leaching and denitrification, resulting in low grain yield and N uptake of succeeding rice. Growing cover crops during DWT, reduced leaching loss by half and N2O emissions by two thirds of those in the bare fallows. Atmospheric-N addition by legumes ranged from 27 to 56 kg ha-1 depending on the types of legumes and increased N uptake and grain yield by 24-42 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 1.2-2.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1respectively. Thus, cultivation of grain/green manure legumes appears economically and ecologically beneficial.Key Words: bare fallow, crop N uptake, denitrification, green manure, leaching, nitrate catch crops, nitrificationThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:9, Jun.2008  Page: 1-9

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS TYPES ON THE NUTRIENTS DYNAMICS IN THE ARABLE LAYER OF A MEADOW CHESTNUT SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. А. Teymurov ◽  
А. N. Yarmagomedov ◽  
А. V. Ramazanov ◽  
T. T. Babaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents the results of a field experiment on the different fertilizers effect (green manure, manure, straw, mineral fertilizers) on the soil agrochemical properties under the Terek-Sulak plain of the Republic of Dagestan irrigation conditions. At the experimental Kirov station, of the Khasavyurt District on a total area of 1505 m2 in 2015-2019 were studied the content of the main nutrients in cattle manure, the phytomass of green manure crops and the dynamics of fertilizers for nutrients in the arable layer. Green manure crops (seed peas, spring rape, and amaranth) were sown during the stubble period after harvesting winter wheat. The plowing under of green manures herbage was carried out in the initial phase of budding, winter wheat straw – 2 t / ha, cattle manure – 30 t / ha, mineral fertilizers – N150P75K75. Then water-charging irrigation was used 1000-1200 m3 / ha. Soil studies revealed that in the areas of the experiment where the sowing peas grew, nitrate nitrogen for the entire growing season next year contained 37.8-54.1 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus under crops of spring grain crops – 33.0-34.84 mg / kg of soil was noted in spring and to autumn its amount in the topsoil was gradually decreased (23.5-24.9 mg / kg). The exchangeable potassium amount in the meadow chestnut soil (control without fertilizers) was varied slightly. The manure application by its positive effect on the specified soil regime approaches to the spring rape and amaranth green mass plowing under. The most favorable soil regime under irrigated conditions were formed during plowing of the sowing peas green mass.

scholarly journals The Comparative Efficiency of Organic, Mineral and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers for the Winter Wheat Grain Yield in the Forest-Steppe of the Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Evgeniy Yashin ◽  
Alexander Karpov ◽  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study deals with organic, mineral and organo-mineral systems of winter wheat fertilization in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe. According to the organic fertilization system, straw of the predecessor, green manure and Biocomposite-correct were introduced into the soil (typical medium-thick medium loamy chernozem) for green manure mass (vetch-oat mixture). The organo-mineral system included two options: straw applied together with nitrogen in a dose of 10 kg per 1 ton of straw and zeolite enriched with amino acids. The mineral fertilizers were nitrogene phosphorus with the NPK content of 16 kg ai/ha, carbamide and potassium chloride. In addition, highly siliceous rock zeolite was applied as a fertilizer. It was found that the use of organic and organomineral fertilizers improves the nutrient regime of the soil; in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer, these options were not inferior to the option with the use of mineral fertilizers. When introducing zeolite enriched with amino acids, the yield of winter wheat exceeded the option with the use of mineral fertilizers by 0.59 t/ha. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
O. S. Vlasiuk ◽  
N. V. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of mineral fertilizers, green manure,seed treatment with biopreparations and spraying of crops with Biocomplex-BTU on the parameters ofproductivity and affection of two varieties of wheat by the mildew of plants. It has been established thatpre-seeding bacterization contributes to the increase of yield by 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on thebiopreparation and fertilization. Under the action of mineral fertilizers alone or in combination withgreen manure, the yield increased by 1.74-2.21 t/ha, compared with the variant without fertilizers andwithout inoculation. The treatment of winter wheat crops by Biocomplex-BTU promotes yield increase by0.19-0.34 t/ha, depending on the fertilization and inoculation of seeds. Under inoculation of seeds andtreatment of crops with biopreparation, the number of productive stems and grains in the spike increases,while the weight of 1000 grains is predominantly reduced.Under use of fertilizers, specified parameters increase significantly. The most effective is the use ofbiopreparations without fertilizers.

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