Role of Rehabilitation in Opioid Tapering: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200011
Author(s):  
Miranda Wiens ◽  
Devon Jarrett ◽  
Alissa Settimi ◽  
Courtney White ◽  
Zachary Hollingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opioid Tapering ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Purpose: Among industrialized countries, Canada has the second-highest opioid prescribing rate for pain management. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions are potential non-pharmacological alternatives. We undertook a scoping review to explore and summarize the current evidence describing the interventions included or used in physiotherapy and occupational therapy in opioid tapering for individuals with chronic pain. Method: A systematic search of the peer-reviewed health databases was conducted, with data synthesis guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. Articles were included in the narrative synthesis if (1) interventions within the scope of practice for physiotherapists or occupational therapists were described or these professionals were part of interdisciplinary care and (2) opioid tapering or reduction was addressed. Results: The 39 articles identified included 2 systematic reviews, 9 narrative reviews or commentaries, 2 case reports, 11 uncontrolled cohort studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 5 randomized controlled trials, 4 programme evaluations, and 4 qualitative studies. Of the 28 studies reporting specific outcomes, 25 reported positive outcomes of rehabilitation interventions for opioid tapering. There was greater representation of interventions from physiotherapy than from occupational therapy: few articles contained substantive descriptions (e.g., dosage and duration). Conclusions: The evidence to guide therapists in supporting opioid tapering for people with chronic pain seems to be limited. Further research is needed to establish effectiveness for stand-alone interventions and as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation approach.

scholarly journals Foot rotation asymmetry in Down syndrome and the relationship with crawling and walking onset: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Camila Valero ◽  
Zan Mustacchi ◽  
Patricia Melo Bezerra ◽  
Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo ◽  
Alzira Alves de Siqueira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Down syndrome individuals have different gait patterns, which include specific characteristics such as foot rotation asymmetry. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between this asymmetry and the previous acquisition of hands-and-knees crawling in Down syndrome children, as well as the probable association of this gait to gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy interventions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 361 children with or without foot rotation asymmetry were selected. An online questionnaire was administered to the parents or guardians of those children. Results: Hands-and-knees crawling decreased the prevalence of foot rotation asymmetry in Down syndrome children. The longer it took for walking onset, the higher the prevalence of this asymmetry. Indeed, for each month of delay there was a 7% increase in prevalence. There was a significant relationship between orthopedic alterations in knees or flat feet and foot rotation asymmetry. There was no significance related to gender, ethnicity, other comorbidities, physiotherapy or occupational therapy interventions. Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that foot rotation asymmetry may be related to the acquisition of the motor skills described above, especially with regards to hands-and-knees crawling and walking onset.

scholarly journals A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS ON CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Hira Shafi Zaeem
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

ABSTRACT AIMS & OBJECTIVES To assess the perceptions of parents about Occupational Therapy interventions on their children using a self-administered questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN A Cross-Sectional Study STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS Data was collected from OT departments of primary and tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Parents of children with special needs enrolled in occupational therapy. RESULTS A total number of 72 participants were recruited. The information about the children with special needs with mean age of 7±3.8 was taken from the parents. Findings reported that a child improved in domains i.e. fine and gross motor, self-behavior, communication and sensory motor with an average percentage. CONCLUSION It was concluded that OT is an integral part of rehabilitation that showed favorable treatment outcomes as perceived by parents of children with special needs. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of parents in a child’s improvement and level of functionality for effective management.

scholarly journals Occupational Therapy Interventions in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Luis De-Bernardi-Ojuel ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
Manuela García-de-la-Hera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

This scoping review aims to describe occupational therapy interventions carried out with multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in occupational therapy. A peer review of the literature was conducted in different databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase, and in some occupational therapy journals. A search of the literature published was carried out before December 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) articles evaluating the intervention of occupational therapy in MS or ALS including experimental, randomized, nonrandomized and exploratory studies; (2) written in English or Spanish; (3) adult population (over 18 years old). The initial search identified 836 articles of which we included 32 divided into four areas of intervention: fatigue-targeted interventions, cognitive interventions, physical interventions and others. Only 16 studies were carried out exclusively by occupational therapists. Most occupational therapy interventions are aimed at fatigue and physical rehabilitation. The majority of the studies in our review included MS patients, with little representation from the ALS population. These interventions have shown an improvement in perceived fatigue, manual dexterity, falls prevention and improvement in cognitive aspects such as memory, communication, depression and quality of life in the MS and ALS populations.

Occupation-based practices and homelessness: A scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Roy ◽  
Catherine Vallée ◽  
Bonnie H. Kirsh ◽  
Carrie Anne Marshall ◽  
Rebecca Marval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Cultural Safety ◽  
Family Homelessness ◽  
Family Services ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Background. Persons experiencing or at risk of homelessness have occupational needs that are seldom addressed in the Canadian system of care. The lack of documented evidence on occupational therapy practices in this field hinders the development of the profession. Purpose. This article identifies current and potential practices that aim to enable or support the occupations of persons experiencing or at risk of homelessness. Method. A scoping review was conducted, including evidence from both occupational therapy and non–occupational therapy sources. Findings. One hundred and seventy-eight papers were selected in the areas of occupational performance skills training, enrichment of occupational repertoire, employment/education, physical rehabilitation services, child/family services, community building, occupational transition from homeless to housed, literacy, and disaster relief. Implications. Occupational therapists can build environments and create opportunities that facilitate occupational engagement of individuals experiencing homelessness. Gaps in knowledge include the evaluation of occupational therapy practices, the Canadian context of family homelessness, and the cultural safety of occupational therapy interventions.

scholarly journals Meaning-making in occupational therapy interventions: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Carreira de Mello ◽  
Angélica da Silva Araujo ◽  
Ana Lucia Borges da Costa ◽  
Taís Quevedo Marcolino
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Meaning-making is an experience-centred process. It is an essential element for understanding the impact of occupational therapy interventions focused on fostering processes of becoming, one of the four integrated dimensions of meaningful occupation (along with doing, being, and belonging). Objective This paper aims to explore further some of the aspects that are essential for meaning-making in occupational therapy interventions. Method A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was conducted. In the initial search, 528 articles were retrieved from three databases; 16 met the criteria for inclusion: articles in English, peer-reviewed, published between January 2008 and December 2017, that addressed some type of occupational therapy intervention, with data related to the meanings of the participants of the studies. Results The articles address a multiplicity of populations, services, and fields of practice, in qualitative studies, with methodologies that prioritise reflection on the lived experience. Thematic analysis highlights the interconnection between being, doing, and belonging to foster meaning-making; implications of professional actions; and meaning-making triggered by reflective processes. Conclusion Meaning-making demands reflection on the lived experience, and is influenced by human and physical environments. Both conditions/limitations and new skills/abilities enhance processes of meaning-making. Implications for future research are considered.

scholarly journals Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adolescents: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-102
Author(s):  
Claudia Clarkson ◽  
Kobie Boshoff ◽  
Jocelyn Kernot
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Aim and Background: Occupations are everyday activities that help occupy our time and provide us with a sense of purpose in life. Adolescence is a unique stage of life when individuals experience occupational change that assists with preparation for adulthood. Participation in occupations is linked to health and wellbeing. Existing literature on occupational participation appears to combine adolescents’ and children’s experiences. Due to the unique nature of adolescence and an increased focus on service development and re-design for all age groups in Australia since the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, this scoping review sought to explore Occupational Therapy interventions that promote adolescents’ participation in everyday occupations. Design and Methods: A systematic search of eight databases for peer reviewed papers published between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. The PRISMA guidelines were used to guide the review processes. Study selection criteria focussed    on Occupational Therapy interventions promoting participation in everyday occupations for adolescents (between 10 to 19 years of age). The data was charted and synthesised to identify key features of the interventions. Results: The 26 included studies revealed various intervention types and adolescent groups. The majority of the interventions targeted adolescents with physical disabilities and autism spectrum disorder. Many studies focussed on promoting functional independence in work, personal care, social participation and health management. Features of interventions include collaborative (with the adolescent and family) intervention goal setting and evaluation processes, as well as the use of technology. The majority of the papers reported positive outcomes, however mixed results were also identified. The findings provide guidance for adolescent service development and re-design by identifying the areas of occupation and features of programs, documented in Occupational Therapy-specific literature. Future reviews can extend our understanding further by incorporating by including publications that focus on assessment and other roles of Occupational Therapists. Keywords: participation, occupation, Occupational Therapy, adolescents  

Occupational therapy interventions in mental health: a scoping review of recent evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Schultz Petersen ◽  
Siv Therese Bogevik Bjørkedal ◽  
Anne Marie Torsting ◽  
Lene Falgaard Eplov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Background/AimsStudies investigating the effect of occupational therapy in mental health are few. This scoping review aims to identify, present and assess studies that have investigated the effect of occupation- and activity-based/focused interventions performed by occupational therapists in mental health.MethodsThe scoping review involved searching six databases, covering articles from 2003 to 2018. ‘The Matrix Method’ was used to describe and synthesise the content of the included studies. The Oxford Level of Evidence was used to rank the evidence, and The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to assess the quality of the study.ResultsA total of 21 original studies and 4 systematic reviews were included in this review. Interventions, approaches, programmes, training, and activities such as cooking, artwork, crafts, pottery, sports, calligraphy, horticulture, and music, organised individually or in groups, were investigated in the included studies. Individualised occupational therapy showed clinically significant improvements in social functioning and cognition, promising results were found on supported employment and education.ConclusionsFew high-quality studies that have investigated the effect of occupation-and activity-based/focused interventions performed by occupational therapists in mental health were found. This scoping review highlights the importance of future high quality studies to support evidence-based practice within mental health occupational therapy.

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