KINEMATIC CREW OF TREE-EDGE OF FRENET

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pylypaka ◽  
◽  
S. Kresan ◽  
Ya. Kremetz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Edge

Pasture production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in South-West Victoria, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Kellas ◽  
PR Bird ◽  
KN Cumming ◽  
GA Kearney ◽  
AK Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South West ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Belt System ◽  
Over Time

Net pasture production has been monitored over time on an on-going Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry experiment located at Carngham, Victoria. Established in 1983 by thinning a 2-year-old plantation, the study contains five treatments (systems): open pasture (no trees), 60 trees/ha, 200 trees/ha wide-spaced, 200 trees/ha 5-row belt and 1360 trees/ha. Net pasture production was only weakly affected by the proximity of trees in the 60 trees/ha and 200 trees/ha wide-spaced systems. However, in the 200 trees/ha 5-row belt system, pasture production was often significantly less within the tree zone and at 1.5 m from the tree edge compared with production at 10.5 m from the tree edge. While there was a trend for greater pasture production at 10.5 m and 18 m from the tree line than occurred in the open pasture system, the width of pasture adjacent to the 5-row belts was too narrow (36 m) to demonstrate any shelter benefit on pasture production. From 1990 to 1992, pasture production (kg ha-1) for each system was similar, although production tended to decrease with increasing tree stocking. Following the cessation of pruning (1992), pasture production was significantly reduced by increased tree stocking, such that pasture production in the 200 trees/ha wide-spaced and 200 trees/ha 5-row belt systems was 60% and 69% and 23% and 67% of open pasture in 1993 and 1994 respectively.

scholarly journals Focusing neighborhood context and self-rated health in the Pró-Saúde Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone M. Santos ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck ◽  
Eduardo Faerstein ◽  
Claudia S. Lopes ◽  
Dóra Chor
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Edge Removal ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Level 2

The influence of neighborhood characteristics on self-rated health has been little studied. A multilevel approach using hierarchical models was applied to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics in 621 neighborhoods (level 2) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the self-rated health of 3,054 university employees (level 1) from the baseline of the Pró-Saúde Study. Neighborhoods were created using the SKATER algorithm (Spatial ‘K’luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal) to cluster census tracts according to four indicators and a minimum population of 5,000 people. After adjustment for individual factors (per capita income, schooling, age, sex, ethnicity, health-related behavior and chronic diseases), low level of neighborhood income and higher numbers of members per household were significantly associated with poor self-rated health. Participants living in medium income-level neighborhoods were 34% more likely to self-rate their health as being poor. Those living in areas with a higher density of members per household were 50% more likely to present poor self-rated health. Neighborhood context influences self-rated health, beyond the effect of individual factors. Worsening neighborhood socioeconomic conditions affect health adversely, which in turn increasing the chance of poor self-rated health.

scholarly journals Exploring the Evolution of Drought Characteristics in Balochistan, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Jamro ◽  
Falak Naz Channa ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Dars ◽  
Kamran Ansari ◽  
Nir Y. Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Edge Removal ◽  
The 1960S

In the wake of a rapidly changing climate, droughts have intensified, in both duration and severity, across the globe. The Germanwatch long-term Climate Risk Index ranks Pakistan among the top 10 countries most affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Within Pakistan, the province of Balochistan is among the most vulnerable regions due to recurring prolonged droughts, erratic precipitation patterns, and dependence on agriculture and livestock for survival. This study aims to explore how the characteristics of droughts have evolved in the region from 1902–2015 using 3-month and 12-month timescales of a popular drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The region was divided into six zones using Spatial “K”luster Analysis using Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) method, and run theory was applied to characterize droughts in terms of duration, severity, intensity, and peak. The results of the non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test applied to SPEI indicate prevailing significant negative trends (dryer conditions) in all the zones. Balochistan experienced its most severe droughts in the 1960s and around 2000. The effects of climate change are also evident in the fact that all the long duration droughts occurred after 1960. Moreover, the number of droughts identified by 3-month SPEI showed a significant increase after 1960 for all six zones. The same trend was found in the 12-month SPEI but for only three zones.

scholarly journals Regionalization and Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought in China Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (1961–2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfei Liu ◽  
Shixin Wang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Futao Wang ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Central China ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Edge Removal

China is considered to be one of the most drought prone countries. This study is dedicated to analyzing the regionalization and spatiotemporal variations of drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, which covers the period 1961–2013 across 810 stations in China. Using Spatial “K”luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal method, China was divided into eight regions: southwest (SW), northeast (NE), north (N), southeast (SE), Yangtze River (YR), northwest (NW), central China (C), and Tibet Plateau (TP). The spatiotemporal variations of drought characteristics indicated that the drought count in NE and C was generally high. Southern China and NW had suffered long drought duration and extreme severity. The MK test results show that stations with significant drying trends mainly locate in SW, N, NW, and C. The severe drought frequency was very high in 1990s and 2000s. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to abnormal less precipitation in summer and abnormal high temperature in spring in SW, NE, N, and C. Besides, abnormal less precipitation is the main factor of drought in SE and YR in whole year. This study is anticipated to support the water resources management, and to promote the realization of environmental protection and agricultural production.

scholarly journals Application of modified Spatial K’luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal Method (SKATER) on the level of Crime data in Way Kanan district, Lampung

CAUCHY ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kadek Yama Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Edge Removal ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Modification of method Spatial K'luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) is one of the regionalization method for clustering based on the location by spatial autocorrelation and spatial patterns. This method uses graph theory approach to identify the homogeneous location is the minimum spanning tree. In addition to clustering objects based on similarity characteristics, in everyday life, often found that there are significant spatial clustering that affect specific object. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of the crime rate between districts in Way Kanan, Lampung. Based on these results, the characteristics of the crime rate in terms of spoliation, robbery and gambling have spatial autocorrelation and spatial patterns. Further applied modifications of SKATER. Generate 4 cluster (k) graded of the 14 districts. on average k<sub>1 </sub>(17.67% )  k<sub>2</sub> (10.09%)   k<sub>3</sub> (7.80%)  k<sub>4</sub> (4.28%).</p>

scholarly journals Municipal expenditures using own-source revenues and resilience of territorial inequalities in health

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Angelo Machado ◽  
Guilherme Quaresma ◽  
Carmem E. Leitão Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Edge Removal ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dispersion Measures ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Municipal Health ◽  
Municipal Expenditures

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the importance of municipal expenses executed with own-source revenues for the maintenance of the territorial inequalities between resources allocated by Brazilian municipalities in the health sector, in spite of the redistributive effects attributed to the vertical transfers of the Brazilian National Health System. The formation of municipal own-source revenues is strongly impacted by regional economic inequalities, corresponding to almost 60% of the resources allocated by municipalities to health in recent years. Based on the Tree Edge Removal method, the total expenditures and those executed with own-source revenues by the municipalities were spatially distributed, thereby enabling identification of clusters from 2005 to 2015 in both cases. Central and dispersion measures were calculated for the two types of expenditure in this interval for the clusters. In the end, we found municipal expenditures with own-source revenues show levels of inequality which are significantly higher than those of the total municipal health expenditure, and even more significant is that these inequalities increase in time with higher intensity in the case of the former. Since municipalities are the main implementers of public health policy, results suggest higher levels of territorial equity will necessarily require adjustments in fiscal federalism in this sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document