The philosophical, psychological and sociological analysis of the Christian symbol of the Revelation is for the first time in the Ukrainian humanities carried out in the study. Understanding Revelation based on scientific concepts is a very complex problem, however, it is clear that its cause is the lack of the necessary methodology, ignoring the leading trend of world history and spirit i.e. the struggle of impersonal and personal principles of social being. It is proposed to base the study on the concept of four stages of human spiritual development: dependent personality, mediocre personality, mature personality, genius. With the help of Revelation, Christianity rethought the philosophical meaning of the concept of “truth”, which concerned not the material world, but the inner qualities of man. Christianity has come to the conclusion that the question “Who is the truth” is more important to man than the question “What is the truth?” Lack of a philosophical answer to the question “Who is the truth”? led to the dominance of the value judgment “every person is an individual”, which became the philosophical basis of the depersonalized paradigm of human being. Revelation appears as a way out of impersonal being into personal (transcendent), overcoming the fear of personal being, the birth of a spiritual principle in man and as a symbolic beginning of a new – personal – paradigm of being, when the highest values are self-actualization, self-realization and related work. Revelation is not only the birth of a person from an egocentric person, but it is a recognition of the significance of a person in another person. The reasons that prevent the scholars from revealing the meaning of Revelation are analyzed – the mechanisms of psychological protection and fear of personal being. Ignoring the leading trend of the world spirit (the struggle of the impersonal and the personal) and the concept of the four stages of spiritual development of man has led to a decrease in the critical mass of individuals in the human community. Failure to recognize the importance of the idea of personal existence is a crucial ideological cause of the existential vacuum, mental epidemics in the form of hybrid wars, global terrorism and violence against both human nature and nature in general. The modern apocalypse – an anthropological-global catastrophe – is the result of a crisis of impersonal existence and the priority of the material over the spiritual, which is realized by the mediocre person. It is proved that the proposed metaphysical theory of personality meets modern global challenges, opens opportunities for philosophical, psychological and sociological understanding of the causes of the crisis in Ukrainian society and in the human community. It is substantiated that the ideological basis for overcoming the crisis of impersonal existence is the assertion of the priority of the spiritual over the material, the adoption of the ideological law “Personality is the basis of being” and changing the form of determination. Determination of the present must be replaced by determination of the future.
The pedagogical ideas of A. Makarenko in the context of the personal paradigm of raising orphans
