scholarly journals PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN: SOME ASPECTS OF CLINICAL PROGRESSION AND DIAGNOSTICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
N.P. Bondarenko ◽  
V.P. Lakatosh ◽  
M.I. Antonyuk ◽  
O.A. Kochmaruk
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Screening Programs

Human parvovirus (B19V) infection is a well-known fetotropic agent that may lead to a fetal loss. Nevertheless, the routine testing for B19V is not included into antenatal or preconception screening programs, and some authors find it a reason of delay in management of pregnancies complicated by B19V. The aim of our research was to reveal practicability of B19V screening tests in pregnant women in certain population, and also to assess the proportion between asymptomatic and manifest forms of B19V infection in our population, whether some diagnostic methods and their combinations are useful in testing, and to investigate correlation between clinical symptoms in fetus and laboratory parameters of expectant mother. The observation of 129 pregnant women (patients of Perinatal Centre in Kyiv) with suggested B19V infection in different terms of gestation was conducted. Diagnostic systems used were: ELISA test (DRG) and immunoblot testing system EUROIMMUN (Germany), and DNA detection of B19V in mother’s blood samples was conducted with the use of PCR. In addition, we turned our attention to epidemiologic cyclicity of B19V infection, seasonal prevalence and other ordinary for infection processes characteristics. In observed population the incidence of B19V infection had no correlation with the terms of gestation; more significant correspondence was observed with cyclicity waves (2 years of low morbidity were followed by periods increased morbidity), seasonal prevalence, environment of pregnant women (the professional and household one). Except of apparent but nonspecific general blood changes, in 46/129 (35,6%) pregnant women the acute B19V infection was diagnosed with the use of PCR with the presence of B19V DNA in blood samples and negative or uncertain serological results. In 85,1% (40/47)cases of symptomatic fetus injury B19V DNA load was found in mother’s blood samples, and that was the difference when compared with the group of women with asymptomatic course of disease, in which the viral load was found in 32,6% (16/49) of cases. The long-term viremia in mothers was found in cases of fetal infection (B19V DNA until 120 days) associated with seroconversion. The results of this study demonstrated some certain particularities of clinical course of disease in observed population except of common features of B19V, and revealed reasonability of combined laboratory testing if suspecting B19V infection. Further achievements in B19V infection research will provide better algorithms and methods of diagnosing; will lead to effective prophylaxis as well as for the development of novel therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Podgórski ◽  
David Aebisher Aebisher ◽  
Monika Stompor ◽  
Dominika Podgórska ◽  
Artur Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency

The aim of this paper is a straightforward presentation of the steroidogenesis process and the most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 21-hydroxylase deficiency as well as the analytical diagnostic methods that are used to recognize this disease. CAH is a family of common autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired adrenal cortisol biosynthesis with associated androgen excess due to a deficiency of one or more enzymes in the steroidogenesis process within the adrenal cortex. The most common and prototypical example of this group of CAH disorders (90-95%) are caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Less frequent types of CAH are 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (up to 8% of cases), 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, P450 oxidoreductase deficiency and StAR deficiencies. In the 21-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase deficiency only adrenal steroidogenesis is affected, whereas a defect in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or 17α-hydroxylase also involves gonadal steroid biosynthesis. Many countries have introduced newborn screening programs based on immunoassays measuring 17-hydroxyprogesterone from blood spots used for other neonatal screening tests which enable faster diagnosis and treatment of CAH. Currently, chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry are gaining in popularity due to an increase in the reliability of test results.

scholarly journals Comparison between Enzyme Immunoassays Performed on Samples of Dried Blood and Serum for Toxoplasmosis Prenatal Screening: Population-based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Bárbara Araújo Marques ◽  
Ericka Vianna Machado Carellos ◽  
Vânia Maria Novato Silva ◽  
Fernando Henrique Pereira ◽  
Maria Regina Lage Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Reference Test ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Blood Spots

Abstract Objective Most prenatal screening programs for toxoplasmosis use immunoassays in serum samples of pregnant women. Few studies assess the accuracy of screening tests in dried blood spots, which are of easy collection, storage, and transportation. The goals of the present study are to determine the performance and evaluate the agreement between an immunoassay of dried blood spots and a reference test in the serum of pregnant women from a population-based prenatal screening program for toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the immunoassays Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgM and Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgG (Mbiolog Diagnósticos, Ltda., Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil)in dried blood spots with the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA, BioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France) reference standard in the serum of pregnant women from Minas Gerais Congenital Toxoplasmosis Control Program. Results The dried blood spot test was able to discriminate positive and negative results of pregnant women when compared with the reference test, with an accuracy of 98.2% for immunoglobulin G (IgG), and of 95.8% for immunoglobulin M (IgM). Conclusion Dried blood samples are easy to collect, store, and transport, and they have a good performance, making this a promising method for prenatal toxoplasmosis screening programs in countries with continental dimensions, limited resources, and a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis, as is the case of Brazil.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROPERTIES AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN PREGNANCIES: META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Uygun-Can ◽  
Bilge Acar-Bolat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis

AbstractWe aimed to summarize reliable medical evidence by the meta-analysis of all published retrospective studies that examined data based on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by clinical symptoms, molecular (RT-PCR) diagnosis and characteristic CT imaging features in pregnant women. MEDLINE PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, Clinical Key, and CINAHL databases were used to select the studies. Then, 384 articles were received, including the studies until 01/MAY/2020. As a result of the full-text evaluation, 12 retrospective articles covering all the data related were selected. A total of 181 pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in the meta-analysis within the scope of these articles. According to the results, the incidence of fever was 38.1% (95% CI: 14.2–65%), and cough was 22% (95% CI: 10.8–35.2%) among all clinical features of pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. So, fever and cough are the most common symptoms in pregnant cases with SARS-CoV- infection, and 91.8% (95% CI: 76.7–99.9%) of RT-PCR results are positive. Moreover, abnormal CT incidence is 97.9% (95% CI: 94.2–99.9%) positive. No case was death. However, as this virus spreads globally, it should not be overlooked that the incidence will increase in pregnant women and may be in the risky group. RT-PCR and CT can be used together in an accurate and safe diagnosis. In conclusion, these findings will provide important guidance for current studies regarding the clinical features and correct detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, as well as whether it will create emergency tables that will require the use of a viral drug.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses, and HIV among Antenatal Pregnant Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Onwe, Reuben O. ◽  
Maduka-Okafor, Charles C. ◽  
Nwachukwu, Ebuka C. ◽  
Ike, Anthony C.
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Hiv 1

Aim: Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections remain major global health concerns as causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-Hepatitis C and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies in antenatal pregnant women in Nsukka, Nigeria. Study Design, Area and Duration of Study: The study utilized both experimental and survey designs. Blood samples were collected from women attending antenatal clinics in two prominent hospitals in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria from April to August 2016. Methods: Blood samples from 200 pregnant women were collected into plain vacutainers and allowed to clot. The serum was separated and used to test for antibodies to the viral infections using rapid test kits with immobilized antigens following the manufacturer’s instructions. Additional information was collected using standard questionnaire.  Results: From the results, 11 (5.5%), 9 (4.5%) and 5 (2.5%) women tested positive for HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies, respectively. None of the patients was co-infected with HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV, HCV/HIV or triple infections with HBV/HCV/HIV. The mean age distribution was 28.2 years (Standard Deviation = 6.46). Marital status, age distribution and occupation were found to be statistically insignificant to the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P > 0.05). Blood transfusion and history of previous surgeries were the risk factors for HBsAg and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P < 0.05), but not for anti- HCV (P> 0.05) among the study population. None of the respondents had body tattoo or admitted to have multiple sexual partners. Conclusion: There are still high seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among antenatal pregnant women in the study area. Hence, there is need for integration of hepatitis screening tests among the antenatal pregnant women in the town.

scholarly journals Clinical Properties and Diagnostic Methods of COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancies: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Banu Uygun-Can ◽  
Bilge Acar-Bolat ◽  
Kyousuke Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis

We aimed to summarize reliable medical evidence by the meta-analysis of all published retrospective studies that examined data based on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by clinical symptoms, molecular (RT-PCR) diagnosis, and characteristic CT imaging features in pregnant women. The MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ClinicalKey, and CINAHL databases were used to select the studies. Then, 384 articles were received, including the studies until 01/May/2020. As a result of the full-text evaluation, 12 retrospective articles covering all the data related were selected. A total of 181 pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in the meta-analysis within the scope of these articles. According to the results, the incidence of fever was 38.1% (95% CI: 14.2-65%) and cough was 22% (95% CI: 10.8-35.2%) among all clinical features of pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. So, fever and cough are the most common symptoms in pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 91.8% (95% CI: 76.7-99.9%) of RT-PCR results are positive. Moreover, abnormal CT incidence is 97.9% (95% CI: 94.2-99.9%) positive. No case was death. However, as this virus spreads globally, it should not be overlooked that the incidence will increase in pregnant women and maybe in the risky group. RT-PCR and CT can be used together in an accurate and safe diagnosis. In conclusion, these findings will provide important guidance for current studies regarding the clinical features and correct detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, as well as whether it will create emergency tables that will require the use of a viral drug.

FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY / CHILDBIRTH / POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN WOMEN WITH POSITIVE RESULTS FOR COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Isenova ◽  
G. Zh. Bodykov ◽  
A.S. Shukirbaeva ◽  
M.O. Kubesova ◽  
M.U. Davranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Doppler Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Positive Results

A retrospective analysis was carried out according to the archival material of the center of perinatology and pediatric cardiac surgery in Almaty for 2020. The analysis was carried out in pregnant women with COVID-19, a total of 150 stories were examined. The features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth were assessed by studying the data of laboratory diagnostic methods of research, clinical symptoms, X-ray, ultrasound, Doppler studies. The study highlights the features of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in women infected with COVID-19.

Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Shima Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Shiva Borzouei ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: One of the most common complications of pregnant women is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress can play an important role in GDM. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in GDM. Method: Twenty pregnant women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women with normal blood glucose test participated in this study. Five mL of unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Spectrophotometric assay was carried out for sialochemical analysis. Stata software was used for data analysis. Results: The GDM group exhibited no significant difference in salivary total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde compared to the healthy control group. All of antioxidants markers, the uric acid, total antioxidant, peroxidase and catalase, decreased in GDM group that the difference of peroxidase and catalase was statistically significant. All of oxidative stress markers, the salivary malondyaldehid, total oxidative stress and total thiol, increased in GDM group. GDM group exhibited significantly higher salivary total oxidative stress levels. Conclusion: Catalase level was significantly lower and total oxidative stress was significantly higher. These two markers might have significant importance and might exhibit early changes compared to other factors in GDM. . Some of salivary antioxidants might have diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic implications in GDM. Other studies with large sample size on salivary and blood samples need to be done to confirm this properties and salivary samples using instead of blood samples in GDM biomarkers changes.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Meta-Analysis of Willingness to Participate in Cancer Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Guangchao Charles Feng ◽  
Zhiliang Lin ◽  
Wanhua Ou ◽  
Xianglin Su ◽  
Qing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
The Public ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Belief Model

Although early screening tests are beneficial for the detection and treatment of cancers, many people have failed to participate in screening tests. The present study aims to explore the theoretical underpinning of low participation in screening programs using the method of meta-analytic structural equation modeling. It was found that the health belief model is the most adopted theoretical framework. Moreover, the intended uptake of screening was positively predicted only by cues to action, health literacy, and perceived susceptibility. As a result, a health intention model, including the three significant variables, is proposed. The practical implications of the findings are that health communication campaigns should focus on enlightening and engaging the public through all necessary means to raise awareness and transfer knowledge in relation to screening procedures as well as cancers per se.

Assessment of tramadol pharmacokinetics in correlation with CYP2D6 and clinical symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh ◽  
Mehri Bemani Naeini ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Rouini ◽  
Shahin Shadnia ◽  
Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Metabolic Ratio ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Extensive Metabolizers ◽  
Metabolic Study ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Cyp2d6 Phenotype ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Adequate Data

AbstractObjectivesDue to lack of adequate data on tramadol kinetic in relevance of CYP2D6 toxicity, this study was designed to investigate the effect of CYP2D6 phenotype in tramadol poisoning. The saliva, urine and blood samples were taken at the admission time. Consequently, concentration of tramadol and its major metabolites were measured.MethodsA pharmacokinetic and metabolic study was developed in cases of tramadol poisoned (n=96). Cases of tramadol poisoned evidenced seizure, hypertension, dizziness, nausea and vomiting symptoms participated.ResultsFemale cases showed higher N-desmethyltramadol (M2) tramadol concentrations than male cases: in urine (40.12 ± 124.53 vs. 7.3 ± 7.13), saliva (16.91 ± 26.03 vs. 5.89 ± 7.02), and blood (1.11 ± 1.56 vs. 0.3 ± 0.38) samples. Significant correlation between blood, saliva, and urine concentrations were found (r = 0.5). Based on the metabolic ratio of O-desmethyltramadol (M1) of male (0.53 ± 0.22) and female (0.43 ± 0.26), poisoning and severe symptoms like seizure in female occurs statistically fewer (13.04%) than in male (50.6%). Assessment of CYP2D6 phenotype showed all of the participants were extensive metabolizers (EM) and their phenotype was associated with clinical symptoms.ConclusionsAccording to our results, M1 as a high potent metabolite has an important role in toxicity and the likelihood of poisoning in people with EM phenotype. Finally, tramadol metabolic ratio may justify the cause of various symptoms in human tramadol poisoning.

PP58 The Alliance Between Health Technology Assessment And Public Health In National Screening Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Leonor Varela-Lema ◽  
Janet Puñal-Riobóo ◽  
Paula Cantero-Muñoz ◽  
Maria José Faraldo-Vallés
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Screening Programs

IntroductionDecision making regarding national population-based prenatal and newborn screening policies is recognized to be highly challenging. This paper aims to describe the formalized collaboration that has been established between the Spanish National Public Health Screening Advisory Committee (PHSAC) and the Spanish Network of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies to support the development of evidence- and consensus-based recommendations to support this process.MethodsIn-depth description and analysis of the strategic and methodological processes that have been implemented within the Spanish National Health System prenatal and newborn screening frameworks, with special emphasis on the role, actions, and responsibilities of HTA agencies.ResultsThe role of HTA agencies is threefold: (i) support the PHSAC by providing evidence on safety, effectiveness and cost/effectiveness of the screening tests/strategies, as well as contextualized information regarding costs, organizational, social, legal and ethical issues; (ii) collaborate with the PHSAC in the development of formal evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for defining population screening programs, when required; (iii) analyze real-world data that is generated by piloted programs. This paper will provide real-life examples of how these processes were implemented in practice, with a special focus on the development of the non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) policy. Recommendations for NIPT were developed by a multidisciplinary group based on the European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) rapid assessment report and the predictive models that were built using national statistics and other contextualized data.ConclusionsThe current work represents an innovative approach for prenatal and newborn screening policymaking, which are commonly difficult to evaluate due to the low quality of evidence and the confounding public health issues. The paper raises awareness regarding the importance of joint collaborations in areas where evidence is commonly insufficient for decision making.

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