PHYTOSANITARY STATE OF THE AGROECOSYSTEM OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE PRECINCENTS OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES

Reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity by including perennial legumes is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Strip tillage may be beneficial in the forage legume–cereals intercropping system due to more efficient utilization of biological nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted on a clay loam Cambisol to determine the effect of forage legume–winter wheat strip tillage intercropping on soil nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) content and cereal productivity in various sequences of rotation in organic production systems. Forage legumes (Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., T. alexandrinum L.) grown in pure and forage legume–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strip tillage intercrops were studied. Conventional deep inversion tillage was compared to strip tillage. Nitrogen supply to winter wheat was assessed by the change in soil nitrate nitrogen content (N-NO3) and total N accumulation in yield (grain and straw). Conventional tillage was found to significantly increase N-NO3 content while cultivating winter wheat after forage legumes in late autumn (0–30 cm layer), after growth resumption in spring (30–60 cm), and in autumn after harvesting (30–60 cm). Soil N-NO3 content did not differ significantly between winter wheat strip sown in perennial legumes or oat stubble. Winter wheat grain yields increased with increasing N-NO3 content in soil. The grain yield was not significantly different when comparing winter wheat–forage legume strip intercropping (without mulching) to strip sowing in oat stubble. In forage legume–winter wheat strip intercropping, N release from legumes was weak and did not meet wheat nitrogen requirements.

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Winter resistance of winter wheat plants depending on the predecessors of perennial legume

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-191-203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (97) ◽

pp. 191-203

Author(s):

A.P. Tkachuk

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Winter Period ◽

Long Time ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Perennial Legumes ◽

Favorable Conditions

The article is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the winter hardiness of winter wheat crops when it is grown after the predecessors of six types of perennial legumes. The features of the passage of the growth and development phases of winter wheat plants in the autumn, depending on the predecessors, are shown. The dynamics of plant height in the autumn-spring period is analyzed. The change in the density of winter wheat plants during the period of full germination and during the spring renewal of vegetation was studied. The winter cutting of winter wheat plants, the area of damage to the leaf surface, the proportion of damaged plants and the percentage of their height decrease during the winter period were calculated. The level of grain yield of winter wheat, depending on the predecessors, was investigated, and correlation-regression relationships between it and the factors influencing wintering were revealed. A close correlation has been proved between grain yield and the percentage of damaged winter wheat plants during the winter period and their height at the beginning of spring regrowth. It is shown that the most favorable conditions overwintered and the level of grain yield of winter wheat when grown after various types of leguminous perennial grasses is observed after the predecessor of meadow clover, where damage is observed by unfavorable conditions, only 16.7 % of the plants overwintered and their height at the time of the spring renewal of vegetation is 6 cm. This makes it possible to obtain a grain yield of winter wheat of 5.8 t/ha without the use of mineral fertilizers. The use of leguminous perennial grasses as precursors of winter wheat that develop over two to three years (meadow clover, white melilot, sand sainfoin) contributes to the formation of a significantly higher yield of winter wheat grain compared to predecessors of perennial legumes that vegetate for a long time period – five to eight years (horned lily, sowing alfalfa, eastern goat's rue). The yield of winter wheat after the predecessor of horned clover was the lowest – by 30.5% less than after the predecessor of meadow clover.

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Features of the vegetation of winter wheat agrophytocenoses after the predecessors of leguminous perennial grasses

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-150-162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (98) ◽

pp. 150-162

Author(s):

О. P. Tkachuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growing Season ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Perennial Legumes

The article is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the yield of winter wheat crops when it is grown after the predecessors of six types of perennial legumes. The features of the passage of the growth and development phases of winter wheat plants in the spring are shown, depending on the predecessors. The dynamics of plant height in the spring-summer period is analyzed. The change in the density of winter wheat plants during the spring renewal of the growing season and at the end of the growing season was studied. The spring thinning of winter wheat plants, the coefficient of total and productive tillering are calculated. The total number of stems of winter wheat plants and productive stems is shown. The level of grain yield of winter wheat, depending on its predecessors, was investigated, and correlation-regression relationships between it and the factors of spring-summer vegetation of crops were revealed. A close correlation has been proved between the grain yield and the number of all stems, as well as productive stems of winter wheat plants on an area of one square meter, as well as between the grain yield and the height of winter wheat plants at the beginning of spring regrowth. It is shown that the most favorable growing conditions and the level of grain yield of winter wheat when growing it after various types of perennial legumes is observed after the predecessor of meadow clover, where the highest plant density at the end of the growing season was observed – 145 million pcs/ha, the number of total – 878 pcs./m2 and productive stems – 799 pcs./m2, as well as the highest plant height at the beginning of spring regrowth – 6 cm. This allows you to get a winter wheat grain yield of 5.8 t/ha without the use of mineral fertilizers. After white melilot, the yield of winter wheat was 10.2 % less and amounted to 5.21 t/ha; after sandy sainfoin – 14.% less – 4.99 t/ha; after the eastern goat's rue – by 21.6 % less – 4.55 t/ha; after sowing alfalfa – by 24.5 % less – 4.38 t/ha and after horned grass – the lowest yield – 4.03 t/ha, which is 30.6 % less than after meadow clover

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Molecular cloning and characterization of vernalization-related (ver) genes in winter wheat

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.920322.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 511-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang Chong ◽

Li-Ping Wang ◽

Ke-Hui Tan ◽

Hua-Liang Huang ◽

Hou-Guo Liang

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Molecular Cloning

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Ear growth, developmental stages and yield in winter wheat

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:19830606 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 537-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean-François LEDENT ◽

Volkmar STOY ◽

Helena AIRAKSINEN ◽

Tomas PATKAI

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Developmental Stages

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Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2020-3-5-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

Georgiy Gulyuk ◽

Aleksey Ivanov ◽

Yuri Yanko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Nature Management ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Edible Roots ◽

Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

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The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-181-191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

M. Tkachenko ◽

N. Borys ◽

Ye. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Active Substance ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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