Types of Corrosive Environments

1999 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Keyword(s):  
Corrosive Environments

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM E-BRITE 26-1 ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Vacuum Refining ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract ALLEGHENY LUDLUM E-BRITE 26-1 ALLOY is a low-carbon, low-nitrogen ferritic stainless steel made by a vacuum refining process. It provides: (1) Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, (2) Excellent resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, (3) Resistance to intergranular corrosion, (4) Resistance to a wide variety of corrosive environments, and (5) Improved toughness and ductility after welding. Its applications include equipment for handling caustic, organic acids, nitric acid, bleach solutions, urea and chloride containing cooling waters. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-360. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

ALLEGHENY STAINLESS TYPE 434

Alloy Digest ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Oxidation Resistant ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract ALLEGHENY STAINLESS TYPE 434 is a low-carbon ferritic stainless steel with good corrosion resistance to mildly corrosive environments and the atmosphere. It is oxidation resistant at temperatures up to 1600 F for intermittent service and up to 1450-1500 F for continuous service. It is used for automotive trim and other exterior environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-292. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

OUTOKUMPU MODA 410L/4003

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Outokumpu Moda 410L/4003 is a weldable, extra low carbon, Cr-Ni, ferritic stainless steel that is best suited for mildly corrosive environments such as indoors, where the material is either not exposed to contact with water or gets regularly wiped dry, or outdoors, where some discoloration and superficial rusting are acceptable. It is a low-cost alternative to low-carbon non-alloy steels in certain applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1330. Producer or source: Outokumpu Oyj.

OUTOKUMPU MODA 410S/4000

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Outokumpu Moda 410S/4000 is a 13% Cr, ferritic stainless steel that is used in applications requiring good resistance to mildly corrosive environments. It is a low carbon, non-hardening modification of Type 410 stainless steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1329. Producer or source: Outokumpu Oyj.

scholarly journals A Review on LDH-Smart Functionalization of Anodic Films of Mg Alloys

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Mosab Kaseem ◽  
Karna Ramachandraiah ◽  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Burak Dikici
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Double Hydroxide

This review presents an overview of the recent developments in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the anodized films of Mg alloys prepared by either conventional anodizing or plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and the applications of the formed composite ceramics as smart chloride traps in corrosive environments. In this work, the main fabrication approaches including co-precipitation, in situ hydrothermal, and an anion exchange reaction are outlined. The unique structure of LDH nanocontainers enables them to intercalate several corrosion inhibitors and release them when required under the action of corrosion-relevant triggers. The influences of different variables, such as type of cations, the concentration of salts, pH, and temperature, immersion time during the formation of LDH/anodic film composites, on the electrochemical response are also highlighted. The correlation between the dissolution rate of PEO coating and the growth rate of the LDH film was discussed. The challenges and future development strategies of LDH/anodic films are also highlighted in terms of industrial applications of these materials.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Reinforcement Rust in Cement under Corrosive Environment

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jianmin Wang ◽  
Junzhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Passivation Film ◽  
Chloride Environment ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Structural Layer

In this work, the microstructure characteristics of corrosion products of reinforcement under a corrosive environment with chloride, carbonation and the combination of chloride-carbonization were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the outside of the passivation film reacts with the cement slurry to produce Fe–SiO4 in all three corrosive environments. The inner side is not completely corroded. The morphology of the corrosion is different in the three environments. In a chloride environment, corrosion products have obvious cracks, and the local layered structure is dense. In a carbonation environment, the surface of the steel corrosion shows a uniform granular structure and loose texture. With the combination of chloride and combination, the surface of the structural layer of steel corrosion was uneven and accompanied by protrusions, cracking and spalling occurred. The composition of the corrosion substances in the three corrosion environments are mainly composed of FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and Fe–SiO4. The content of iron oxide increases from a chloride salt, carbonization to the composite environment, indicating that the corrosion degree intensifies successively.

scholarly journals Durability Study on High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Mortar under Simulated Wastewater Pipeline Environment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3781
Author(s):  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Yahong Zhao ◽  
Baosong Ma ◽  
Cong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Corrosive Environments

The acid–alkaline-inducd corrosive environments inside wastewater concrete pipelines cause concrete structural deterioration and substantial economic losses all over the world. High-performance concrete/mortar (HPC) was designed to have better resistance to corrosive environments, with enhanced service life. However, the durability of HPC in wastewater pipeline environments has rarely been studied. A high-performance mortar mixture (M) reinforced by supplemental materials (including fly ash and silica fume) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, together with a mortar mixture (P) consisting of cement, sand and water with similar mechanical performance, were both designed and exposed to simulated wastewater pipeline environments. The visual appearance, dimensional variation, mass loss, mechanical properties, permeable pore volume, and microstructure of the specimens were measured during the corrosion cycles. More severe deterioration was observed when the alkaline environment was introduced into the corrosion cycles. Test results showed that the M specimens had less permeable pore volume, better dimensional stability, and denser microstructure than the P specimens under acid–alkaline-induced corrosive environments. The mass-loss rates of the M specimens were 66.1–77.2% of the P specimens after 12 corrosion cycles. The compressive strength of the M specimens was 25.5–37.3% higher than the P specimens after 12 cycles under corrosive environments. Hence, the high-performance mortar examined in this study was considered superior to traditional cementitious materials for wastewater pipeline construction and rehabilitation.

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