Importance of Vehicle Costs, Fuel Prices, and Fuel Efficiency in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market Success

2000 ◽  
Vol 1738 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo J. Santini ◽  
Philip D. Patterson ◽  
Anant D. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
National Cooperative

Toyota’s introduction of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) named “Prius” in Japan and Honda’s proposed introduction of an HEV in the United States have generated considerable interest in the long-term viability of such fuel-efficient vehicles. A performance and cost projection model developed entirely at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is used to estimate costs. ANL staff developed fuel economy estimates by extending conventional vehicle modeling done primarily under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Together, these estimates are employed to analyze dollar costs versus benefits of two of many possible HEV technologies. Incremental costs and fuel savings are projected for a Prius-type low-performance hybrid (14.3-s 0 to 60 mph acceleration, Z60 time) and a higher-performance “mild” hybrid vehicle (11-s Z60 time). Each HEV is compared with a U.S. Toyota Corolla with automatic transmission (11-s Z60 time). The base incremental retail price range, projected a decade hence, is $3,200–$3,750, before considering battery replacement cost. Historical data are analyzed to evaluate the effect of fuel price on consumer preferences for vehicle fuel economy, performance, and size. The relationship among fuel price, the level of change in fuel price, and consumer attitude toward higher fuel efficiency also is evaluated. A recent survey on the value of higher fuel efficiency is presented and U.S. commercial viability of the hybrids is evaluated using discount rates of 20 percent and 8 percent. The analysis, with its current HEV cost estimates and current fuel savings estimates, implies that the U.S. market for such HEVs would be quite limited.

Study the Impact of Driver’s Behavior on the Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of driver’s behavior on the fuel efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and its powertrain components, including engine, motor, and battery. The simulation study focuses on the investigation of power request, power output, energy loss, and operating region of powertrain components with the change of driver’s behavior. It is well known that a noticeable difference between the sticker number fuel economy and actual fuel economy will happen when a driver drives aggressively. To simulate aggressive driving, the input driving cycles are scaled from the baseline driving cycles to increase the level of acceleration/deceleration. With scaled aggressive driving cycles, the simulation result shows a significant change of HEV equivalent fuel economy. In addition, the high power demands of aggressive driving cause engine to operate within a higher fuel rate region. Furthermore, the engine is started and shut down frequently due to the large instantaneous power request peaks, which result in high energy loss. The simulation study of the impact of aggressive driving on the HEV fuel efficiency is conducted for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle using powertrain simulation and analysis software Autonomie developed by Argonne National Laboratory. The performance of the major powertrain components is analyzed when the HEV operates at different level of aggressiveness. The simulation results provide useful information to identify the major factors that need to be included in the vehicle control design to improve the fuel efficiency of HEVs under aggressive driving.

Match and Optimization of Series Hybrid Bus Powertrain Parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 2710-2714
Author(s):  
Ling Cai ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Orthogonal Method ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Bus ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Hybrid Electric

With the requirements for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, it has been recognized that the electric, hybrid electric powered drive train technologies are the most promising solution to the problem of land transportation in the future. In this paper, the parameters of series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), including engine-motor, battery and transmission, are calculated and matched. Advisor software is chosen as the simulation platform, and the major four parameters are optimized in orthogonal method. The results show that the optimal method and the parameters can improve the fuel economy greatly.

Optimal Dual-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Architecture Design for a Variety of Loading Scenarios

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Architecture Development ◽  
Vehicle Powertrain

A hybrid-electric vehicle powertrain architecture consists of single or multiple driving modes, i.e., connection arrangements among engine, motors and vehicle output shaft that determine distribution of power. While most architecture development work to date has focused primarily on passenger cars, interest has been growing in exploring architectures for special-purpose vehicles such as vans or trucks for civilian and military applications, whose weights or payloads can vary significantly during operations. Previous findings show that the optimal architecture can be sensitive to vehicle weight. In this paper we investigate architecture design under a distribution of vehicle weights, using a simulation-based design optimization strategy with nested supervisory optimal control and accounting for powertrain complexity. Results show that an architecture under a single load has significant differences and lower fuel efficiency than an architecture designed to work under a variety of loading scenarios.

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy considering catalyst temperature for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110434
Author(s):  
Tao Deng ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Haoyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

In the process of sufficiently considering fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the working time of engine will be reduced accordingly. The increased frequency that the three-way catalytic converter (TWCC) works in abnormal operating temperature will lead to the increasing of emissions. This paper proposes the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) to ensure the catalyst temperature of PHEV can work in highly efficient areas, and the influence of catalyst temperature on fuel economy and emissions is considered. The simulation results show that the fixed equivalent factor of ECMS has great limitations for the underutilized battery power and the poor fuel economy. In order to further reduce fuel consumption and keep the emission unchanged, an equivalent factor map based on initial state of charge (SOC) and vehicle mileage is established by the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, an Adaptive changing equivalent factor is achieved by using the following strategy of SOC trajectory. Ultimately, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) considering catalyst temperature is proposed. The simulation results show that compared with ordinary ECMS, HC, CO, and NOX are reduced by 14.6%, 20.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, which effectively reduces emissions. But the fuel consumption is increased by only 2.3%. To show that the proposed method can be used in actual driving conditions, it is tested on the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTC).

scholarly journals Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguo Li ◽  
Eli Brewer ◽  
Liem Pham ◽  
Heejung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Cabin Air Quality

Air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power used by hybrid and electric vehicles. This study examined the effects of three different cabin air ventilation settings on mobile air conditioner (MAC) power consumption, such as fresh mode with air conditioner on (ACF), fresh mode with air conditioner off (ACO), and air recirculation mode with air conditioner on (ACR). Tests were carried out for both indoor chassis dynamometer and on-road tests using a 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Real-time power consumption and fuel economy were calculated from On-Board Diagnostic-II (OBD-II) data and compared with results from the carbon balance method. MAC consumed 28.4% of the total vehicle power in ACR mode when tested with the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) SC03 driving cycle on the dynamometer, which was 6.1% less than in ACF mode. On the other hand, ACR and ACF mode did not show significant differences for the less aggressive on-road tests. This is likely due to the significantly lower driving loads experienced in the local driving route compared to the SC03 driving cycle. On-road and SC03 test results suggested that more aggressive driving tends to magnify the effects of the vehicle HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system settings. ACR conditions improved relative fuel economy (or vehicle energy efficiency) to that of ACO conditions by ~20% and ~8% compared to ACF conditions for SC03 and on-road tests, respectively. Furthermore, vehicle cabin air quality was measured and analyzed for the on-road tests. ACR conditions significantly reduced in-cabin particle concentrations, in terms of aerosol diffusion charger signal, by 92% compared to outside ambient conditions. These results indicate that cabin air recirculation is a promising method to improve vehicle fuel economy and improve cabin air quality.

Study of the Fuel Consumption of ECMS Applied to a HEV

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2173-2178
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiu Min Yu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Analytical Formulation ◽  
Multiple Power

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is integrated with the engine, the motor and the battery and so on. HEV has a significantly better fuel efficiency compared with conventional vehicles due to its multiple power sources. To evaluate fuel economy, HEV and its subsystem modeling methodologies were provided through the analysis of energy flow. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was built based on the prototype. The ECMS implementation analytical formulation was developed. The equivalency factor, one for charging and the other for discharging, each of them was different during a driving cycle. In a certain drive, only a subset of them generates a trend close to zero, which indicates charge-sustainability.

scholarly journals Modeling and energy management strategy research of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781402096262
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zou ◽  
Ruchen Huang ◽  
Xiangshu Wu ◽  
Baolong Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

A power-split hybrid electric vehicle with a dual-planetary gearset is researched in this paper. Based on the lever analogy method of planetary gearsets, the power-split device is theoretically modeled, and the driveline simulation model is built by using vehicle modeling and simulation toolboxes in MATLAB. Six operation modes of the vehicle are discussed in detail, and the kinematic constraint behavior of power sources are analyzed. To verify the rationality of the modeling, a rule-based control strategy (RB) and an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) are designed based on the finite state machine and MATLAB language respectively. In order to demonstrate the superiority of A-ECMS in fuel-saving and to explore the impact of different energy management strategies on emission, fuel economy and emission performance of the vehicle are simulated and analyzed under UDDS driving cycle. The simulation results of the two strategies are compared in the end, shows that the modeling is rational, and compared with RB strategy, A-ECMS ensures charge sustaining better, enables power sources to work in more efficient areas, and improves fuel economy by 8.65%, but significantly increases NOx emissions, which will be the focus of the next research work.

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