scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATION POLICIES FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, THE NECESSITY OF THEIR MULTIDISCIPLINARY EVALUATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suela Hana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Economic

Extensive developments and changes in the economic, political, social, cultural and scientific fields have undoubtedly brought problems and disturbing phenomena in many parts of the world, such as the trafficking and exploitation of human beings. Every year many women, girls and children are illegally transported across the borders of their countries of origin, sold or bought, bringing to mind all the primitive ways of human slavery, seen in stark contrast to the galloping development that society has taken today, as well as aspirations for a worldwide civilization and citizenship. Regarding Albania, the beginning of trafficking in human beings dates in 1995 (Annual Analysis of 2003 of the State Social Service, Tirana), where the country found itself in a situation of instability of political, economic, social and cultural changes, as well as in a transitional geographical position to was used by traffickers, mostly Albanians, as an “open door” for the recruitment, transportation and sale of women, girls and children from Moldova, Russia, Romania, Turkey, Albania, China, etc. Albania is identified as a source and transit country for trafficked women and children. In addition, many NGOs and international organizations report significant increase cases in the trafficking of human beings. In 1999, official sources reported that young women and girls had been lured or abducted from refugee camps in Albania during the Kosovo crisis and then sold for prostitution in Italy and the United Kingdom. Reports from Italy, Germany, Belgium and the UK suggest that Albanian women and girls, which are trafficked for prostitution mostly are from rural areas (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Review Conference, September 1999). It is almost common to talk about the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings, about the motivating and attractive factors, the consequences associated with this phenomenon of Albanian society. Given the extent of the trafficking phenomenon during the last 30 years transition period in Albania, the Government has made different legislative and institutional efforts, through a strategic approach to combat and mitigate this phenomenon. However, the elements of identification, protection, reintegration and long-term rehabilitation for victims of trafficking remain issues of concern and still not properly addressed, in the context of the institutional fight against trafficking in persons, which should have as its primary goal the protection of the human rights for victims of trafficking and not their further violation or re-victimization (Annual Report of the European Commission, 2007).

scholarly journals Abortion: Still Unfinished Agenda in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirgha Raj Shrestha ◽  
Shibesh Chandra Regmi ◽  
Ganesh Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Abortion Service ◽  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Government

Unsafe abortion is affecting a lot, in health, socio-economic and health care cost of many countries. Despite invention of simple technology and scientifically approved safe abortion methods, women and girls are still using unsafe abortion practices. Since 2002, Nepal has achieved remarkable progress in developing policies, guidelines, task shifting, training human resources and increasing access to services. However, more than half of abortion in Nepal are performed clandestinely by untrained or unapproved providers or induced by pregnant woman herself. Knowledge on legalization and availability of safe abortion service among women is still very poor. Stigma on abortion still persists among community people, service providers, managers, and policy makers. Access to safe abortion, especially in remote and rural areas, is still far behind as compared to their peers from urban areas. The existing law is not revised in the spirit of current Constitution of Nepal and rights-based approach. The existence of abortion stigma and the shifting of the government structure from unitary system to federalism in absence of a complete clarity on how the safe abortion service gets integrated into the local government structure might create challenge to sustain existing developments. There is, therefore, a need for all stakeholders to make a lot of efforts and allocate adequate resources to sustain current achievements and ensure improvements in creating a supportive social environment for women and girls so that they will be able to make informed decisions and access to safe abortion service in any circumstances.

State intervention in UK economy could increase

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Recovery

Subject COVID-19 UK economic impact. Significance The UK economy is already contracting sharply as a result of the restrictions imposed by the government to contain the spread of COVID-19. In response, the UK government has announced a major programme of fiscal measures to reduce job losses and business closures. This is not designed to prevent this immediate fall but intended to reduce permanent damage to the economy. Impacts If the COVID-19 crisis persists beyond a few months, the policy response could become more complex and politically divisive. The economic and social recovery from COVID-19 will be crucial for the prime minister's survival prospects. COVID-19 has significantly increased the chances of an extension to the Brexit transition period beyond December 2020.

scholarly journals Human Trafficking in Thailand in Perspective of Human Rights Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514
Author(s):  
Natalia Sihotang ◽  
Channarong Wiriya
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Government

Trafficking in human beings is increasingly due to the greatest gain of the perpetrators. Human trafficking is a global humanitarian problem. With the involvement of many countries, both as a country of origin, destination and transit country, making this problem more complex. The complexity of the problems is increasing as the neighbors and organized transnational crime networks are organized. Thailand is one of the transit countries, sources, and destinations for international human trafficking. These conditions led to the Government of Thailand began to realize the urgency of the dangers of human trafficking. This problem is increasingly complex because human trafficking is related to child and female prostitution.

The UK’s approach to tackling modern slavery in a European context

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Klara Skrivankova
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Context ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Aspects

This chapter discusses a transnational response to trafficking in human beings, with reference mainly to some key media stories and legal cases that have been influential in understandings and legal definitions of forced labour/modern slavery. In doing so, it places the UK response to date firmly within a European context. The chapter focuses three responses to trafficking. First, the need for law enforcement cooperation to deal with the criminal aspects of trafficking in both countries of origin and countries of destination. Second, the need for developing international understanding of trafficking to ensure that national and international aspects of the rule of law itself are fit for purpose where it relates to international norms and standards. Third, the need for extra-territorial legislation to deal with slavery and forced labour carried out by citizens, including corporate citizens, in third countries.

Right to Service Acts in India— Fundamental Governance Reforms or an Exercise in Political Rhetoric?: A Case Study of Delhi Administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Governance Reforms

Right-based approach to governance became popular in India in the first decade of present century with the passage of legislations conferring Right to Information, Right to Work in rural areas, and Right to Primary Education upon its citizens. This article examines the next step in that direction—passage of Right to Service (RTS) Acts by a number of Indian States thereby providing its citizens the right to time-bound delivery of notified public services. These Acts not only empower citizens to make claims against the government if the rights are violated but also serve as a tool for the politicians and the senior bureaucrats to control lower bureaucracy. This article traces the genealogy of RTS Acts in Citizen’s Charter movement of the1990s in the UK and evaluates their progress and results with the help of various theories and concepts used for improving the public service delivery. How inept implementation has thwarted the promise of accountability inherent in these Acts will be seen in detail while piercing the veil of statistical data.

scholarly journals Importance of Porch in Mediterranean Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Turgay Salihoğlu
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Government

With the Industrial Revolution, human beings have faced ecological problems. For this reason, the term ”Sustainable Architecture’’ came up in the architectural field. In 1987 the United Nations Environmental Commission redefined this term. Also in 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil the human being adopted some principles. When we look at the principles of ”Sustainable Architecture“, we can briefly refer to these principles as ''Natural Climatization'' or ”Thermal Comfort“. In spite of all this process, many architects still produce projects under the name of a ''Modern Architecture'' without considering the culture of life formed by climatic conditions in this process. Because of this, most of the users lost their confidence in ''Modern Architecture''. This is not ”Sustainable Architecture’’. However, the housing built in the past in the rural areas and urban, and even the official buildings are an open laboratory. When the laboratory in Cyprus is examined we can say that, ''the Porch Planned'' type houses, which is developed by the experiments in the Rural Area Housings during the period, started to build also in the cities. We see this development, arising from the climatic conditions, in the Government Agency buildings and Bureaucrats and Military Officers' houses that has built by the British Rule which commands the Cyprus Island during 1878-1960. In addition, porch-planned houses are also seen in the houses that C.M.C (Cyprus Mines Coorparation), which started its activities in 1914 due to the rich copper deposits in the Lefke region, built for its employees.Keywords: Environment. Solar Radiations. Sustainable Architecture. Thermal Comfort. Porch.

Education inside China: a longitudinal (1989-2011) analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangqin Weng ◽  
Mingzhi Li ◽  
Check-Teck Foo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education In China

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the rates of returns on education in China and in the process raises issues relevant to the management of China’s system of education. In the ongoing great transformation period of China, the rising rates of returns on education may have been indicators reflecting China’s social progressiveness. However, very little research efforts have been devoted to the study of the impacts of such factors as geographical regions and genders, etc. The authors hope to fill these gaps in the literature. Design/methodology/approach The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database is used for this study (University of North Carolina). The longitudinal nature of the data sets covering 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 provides a good basis for comparative analyses. The theory is grounded upon the Mincer equations through which econometric estimates are then made. Findings Disparities in returns on education are found between genders and across geographical regions. The regression results show that the women’s returns on education are consistently higher than those of men. However, the scales of such gender differences differ between the rural and urban areas: smaller for rural area and larger, more significantly so for urban. Additionally, we have found that the rates of returns on education in China have risen significantly over these years, and these increases have been largely due to the effects of institutional reforms. The urban-rural gap in their degrees of market orientation has contributed to the differences in their rates of returns on education. The analyses also suggest that foreign direct investment inflows, international trade and the increasing competitiveness from private enterprises render human capital more valuable to urban businesses. In case of the rural areas, a lack of incentive system tends to have contributed to the lower rates of returns on education. Originality/value The authors have presented evidence on the trends in the rates of returns on education during China’s critical transition period. Analyses of the possible reasons behind the differential rates of returns are provided. These findings are helpful for the government to shape their policies towards education. For instance, the government should give more emphasis to vocational schooling due to their significantly higher rates of returns.

scholarly journals Badanie kultury w PRL i ZSRR oraz nowe spojrzenie na kulturę w polskiej i rosyjskiej socjologii po przełomie ustrojowym

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Victoria Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Economic

The author analyses a history of research on culture in communist Poland and the USSR (later Russian Federation). She finds similarities and differences. During the time of communist Poland a tendency was to standardize the supply of culture and make the access to it more democratic. The basic task of the sociology of culture in communist Poland was to control the advancement process of culture dissemination and research into the various forms of participation. However, in the second half of the 70s attention was more and more focused on the directions of cultural sociology development and functions. Following the fall of communism this discipline was faced with a challenge of embracing all the important directions of changes while indicating a now socio-cultural model at the same time. In the USSR, on the other hand, the government was interested only in the cultural research which was to confirm a hypothesis on fast cultural development of masses. Sociology of culture did not exist as a science, though. Following years of deep crisis, when perestroika period began, sociologists of post soviet Russia faced a serious challenge: how to move from “the only one true” Marxist paradigm to the mastering and usage of various theories which functioned in sociology around the world. The Author indicated the contribution in this respect i.a. of Vladimir Yadov or academics circled around Yurij Levada. In general one can say that in Poland as well as in Russia, the sociology of culture following the fall of communist regime and following certain major political, economic, social and cultural changes, found itself in entirely new reality.

scholarly journals URDU: رہائشی علاقوں کی انتظامی منصوبہ بندی: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

ĪQĀN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Mansha Tayyab ◽  
Yasir Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Strong Recommendation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Day By Day

 In the modern era, where the population is increasing day by day, many problems regarding cleanliness and Residential areas management system are growing accordingly. In which a significant amount of these problems are related to the management of better facilities of living, providing best necessities to human beings, creating and extending reliable infrastructure and better environment for growing. It is very sad to know that, in third world countries these problems are worst then other developed countries. Pakistan is among those countries which are facing a large number of these kind of problems. According to a survey, the ratio of population increasing has been doubled due to migration from rural areas to big cities. There is a huge need to solve these problems in appropriate way, with consistency and basic management. The government should have to pay a great attention toward these problems with a devoted management system in the light of Islamic teachings. The topic of this study is selected for this kind of signification. Author(s) selected many teachings through the Seerat Perspectives and as Islamic point of view. In the light of that teaching, number of suggestion have been given and strong recommendation has been made for the development of better infrastructure and management system to resolve these problems. 

scholarly journals Understanding Women’s Aspirations: A Study in Three Indian States

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Chaturvedi ◽  
Garima Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tribal Areas

This study provides an insight to the aspirations of women and girls in three states in India. This study is a product of primary research, based on focus group discussions and interviews, that highlights the voices of women in remote rural districts as well as tribal areas where women want jobs, security, savings, education and a happy life. Women in peri-urban areas are more confident of realizing their aspirations than those in rural areas. Younger women are more aspirational, and thus they are less willing to do manual labour. They aspire for white-collar jobs with the government and the security that the jobs provide. As girls get more educated, it is important to match their skills with the labour market, ensure safe and reliable transport and public spaces so that they can achieve their aspirations. Big hurdles to achieving their dreams are the mindsets at home—notably that of parents, husbands and in-laws—that continue to determine how far they will be educated and whether they will have jobs and careers.

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