scholarly journals DINÂMICA DE SERAPILHEIRA EM UMA ÁREA DE FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Gabriel Araújo Paes Freire ◽  
Dione Judite Ventura ◽  
Igor Georgios Fotopoulos ◽  
Diogo Martins Rosa ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Permanent Plot ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Reserve

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e decomposição de serapilheira em uma área de floresta primária de terra firme na Reserva Biológica do Jaru. Para tanto, foi implantada uma parcela permanente de 1 hectare, onde foram demarcadas 25 subparcelas com 20 x 20 m cada. Para a coleta de serapilheira, instalou-se 25 coletores de PVC (1 em cada centro da subparcela), medindo 0,25 m², a 1 metro do solo, com malha de nylon de 1 mm. Para estimar o estoque de serapilheira, utilizou-se 25 coletores de madeira, medindo 0,25 m², com malha de nylon de 1 mm, dispostos no solo de cada subparcela. As coletas da pesquisa foram realizadas quinzenalmente, entre os meses de outubro de 2016 a setembro de 2017, e a serapilheira triada nas frações: folha, galho, material reprodutivo e miscelânea. No laboratório, os materiais amostrados foram secos em estufa à 80 ºC e pesados em balança de precisão centesimal, sendo que a decomposição de serapilheira foi estimada através da relação entre produção e estoque. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a produção de serapilheira total foi de 14,13 Mg ha-1 e as frações seguiram o padrão: folhamiscelâneagalhomaterial reprodutivo. As maiores produções aconteceram na estação seca e a taxa de decomposição foi 1,37, indicando que a atividade microbiana na área de estudo é acelerada.Palavras-chave: dinâmica sazonal; nutrição de plantas; ecologia florestal; decomposição. LITTER DYNAMICS IN A FOREST AREA OF GROUND FIRM, WESTERN AMAZON ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the litter production and decomposition in an area of primary upland forest in the Jaru Biological Reserve. For that, a permanent plot of 1 hectare was implanted, where 25 subplots with 20 x 20 m each were demarcated. For the collection of litter, 25 PVC collectors were installed (1 in each center of the subplot), measuring 0.25 m², 1 meter from the ground, with 1 mm nylon mesh. To estimate the litter stock, 25 wood collectors, measuring 0.25 m², with 1 mm nylon mesh, were used, arranged in the soil of each subplot. The collections of the research were carried out fortnightly, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017, and the litter is sorted in the fractions: leaf, branch, reproductive material and miscellaneous. In the laboratory, the sampled materials were dried in an oven at 80 ºC and weighed on a centesimal precision scale, and the litter decomposition was estimated through the relationship between production and stock. According to the results obtained, the total litter production was 14.13 Mg ha-1 and the fractions followed the pattern: leafmiscellaneousbranchreproductive material. The highest yields occurred in the dry season and the decomposition rate was 1.37, indicating that the microbial activity in the study area is accelerated.Keyword: seasonal dynamics; plant nutrition; forest ecology; decomposition.

Landscape patterns influence communities of medium- to large-bodied vertebrates in undisturbed terra firme forests of French Guiana

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Richard-Hansen ◽  
Gaëlle Jaouen ◽  
Thomas Denis ◽  
Olivier Brunaux ◽  
Eric Marcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Association Index

Abstract:Whereas broad-scale Amazonian forest types have been shown to influence the structure of the communities of medium- to large-bodied vertebrates, their natural heterogeneity at smaller scale or within the terra firme forests remains poorly described and understood. Diversity indices of such communities and the relative abundance of the 21 most commonly observed species were compared from standardized line-transect data across 25 study sites distributed in undisturbed forests in French Guiana. We first assessed the relevance of a forest typology based on geomorphological landscapes to explain the observed heterogeneity. As previously found for tree beta-diversity patterns, this new typology proved to be a non-negligible factor underlying the beta diversity of the communities of medium- to large bodied vertebrates in French Guianan terra firme forests. Although the species studied are almost ubiquitous across the region, they exhibited habitat preferences through significant variation in abundance and in their association index with the different landscape types. As terra firme forests represent more than 90% of the Amazon basin, characterizing their heterogeneity – including faunal communities – is a major challenge in neotropical forest ecology.

scholarly journals Contribution of Plant Litter in Fragments of Dry Tropical Forest in Paraíba

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adão Batista de Araújo ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
Fabio Junho Alves da Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis Pereira Leonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Metal Frame

Deposition of plant litter in the environment represents the entrance into the system, with reflection on soil organic matter content and environmental quality of the site. The objective of this study was to estimate the deposition, accumulation and decomposition of plant litter in preserved Caatinga vegetation, and the interference of climatic variability in the dynamics of these events. This research was developed in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN), Tamanduá Farm, in the municipality of Santa Terezinha-PB, in a Caatinga area. Plant litter deposited in 20 twenty 1.0 m² litterfall traps of 1.0 m × 1.0 m was collected monthly (June/2014 to July/2015), covering the dry and rainy period of the region. The material was separated into leaves, branches + bark, reproductive material and miscellaneous material. Litter stock accumulated on the forest floor was quantified using a 0.5 m × 0.5 m metal frame to estimate decomposition rate of litter. We found that that leaves fraction obtained the highest deposition average in July 2014 with 395.80 kg ha-1 and the lowest in February/2015 with 9.5 kg ha-1. We concluded that that litter production obtained during the evaluation period was 2.2 mg ha-1, being the highest contribution of litter at the end of the rainy season of the region.

CASSAVA LEAF LITTER ESTIMATION IN ON-FARM TRIALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. CARSKY ◽  
M. A. TOUKOUROU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
The Relationship

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) returns organic matter and nutrients to the soil through leaf litter and these amounts need to be quantified to help understand and design sustainable cropping systems. Our objectives were to estimate dry matter and nutrient contents in cassava leaf litter and to derive relationships between litter fall and easily measurable cassava yield components. Litter traps (1 m2) were placed in farmers' fields for monthly monitoring during a three year period. Maximum monthly leaf litter production ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 t ha−1, and occurred at the end of the first rainy season and at the onset of the next rainy season. In the first year, the mean dry matter of leaves collected during 12 months of growth was 3.4 t ha−1 for the unamended treatment, and 4.1 t ha−1 when N-P-K fertilizer was applied. The totals were 2.4 and 3.0 t ha−1 in 2000–2001 and 1.6 and 2.5 t ha−1 in 2001–2002, respectively. Annual differences were apparently related to rainfall. The relationship with fresh root yield was best described using one slope and yearly intercepts giving an r2 of 0.63. This relationship can be exploited for estimating litter dry matter in agronomic experiments when rough estimates are sufficient, keeping in mind that the relationship may not be the same for cultivars of differing architecture. Otherwise, the use of litter traps gives the best estimate of annual litter production.

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DE Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. E Dinizia excelsa DUCKE EM FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME NO AMAPÁ

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Samuel Nahon da Costa ◽  
Fernando Galvão Rabelo ◽  
Robson Borges de Lima ◽  
Diego Armando Silva da Silva ◽  
Cleyton Wilson Pereira de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Diameter Classes ◽  
Dinizia Excelsa

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura diamétrica e espacial das espécies Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. e Dinizia excelsa Ducke. A distribuição diamétrica foi determinada conforme a metodologia de Sturges. O modelo de Meyer foi ajustado para estimar o número de indivíduos por classe de diâmetro. O padrão de distribuição espacial foi estimado por meio do índice de Morisita. Foram encontrados 1.372 indivíduos de M. huberi, onde os dados de sua estrutura diamétrica foram divididas em 11 classes com intervalo de 6,58 cm. Em relação à espécie D. excelsa, foram encontrados 100 indivíduos e seus dados geraram 7 classes diamétricas com 12 cm de intervalo. A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos de M. huberi seguiu a distribuição em “J-invertido”, que é típica das florestas naturais inequiâneas, com um quociente “q” estimado de 1,39. Já os indivíduos da espécie D. excelsa apresentaram-se desbalanceados em todos os centros de classes, não seguindo a tendência de “J-invertido”, e um quociente “q” estimado de 1,22. Quanto à distribuição espacial, observou-se por meio do índice de Morisita que ambas as espécies seguem uma distribuição agrupada em que os indivíduos localizam-se próxima à planta mãe, portanto, as populações tendem a ser agrupadas. As espécies possuem distribuição espacial agregado, subsidiando a exploração das árvores com aptidão ao manejo, observando possíveis ressalvas para a espécie M. huberi.Palavras-chave: quociente De Liocourt; índice de Morisita; floresta ombrófila. POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. AND Dinizia excelsa Ducke IN AN UPLAND FOREST IN AMAPA ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze the diametric and spatial structure of the Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. and Dinizia excelsa Ducke species. The diameters distribution was determined according to the Sturges methodology. The Meyer model was adjusted to estimate the number of individuals per diameter class. The spatial distribution pattern was estimated using the Morisita index. We found 1,372 individuals of M. huberi, where the data of their diametric structure were divided into 11 classes with an interval of 6.58 cm. In relation to specie D. excelsa, we found 100 individuals and their data generated 7 diameter classes with 12 cm interval. The diameter distribution of M. huberi individuals followed the J-inverted distribution, which is typical of uneven-aged natural forest, with an estimated "q" quotient of 1.39. On the other hand, the individuals of the D. excelsa species showed unbalanced in all class centers, not following the J-inverted distribution and estimated “q” quotient of 1.22. As for the spatial distribution, it was observed through the Morisita index that both species follow a grouped distribution in which the individuals are located close to the mother plant, therefore, the populations tend to be grouped. The species have an aggregate spatial distribution, subsidizing the exploitation of trees with aptitude for management, observing possible caveats for M. huberi specie.Keywords: De Liocourt quotient; Morisita index; ombrophylous forest.

scholarly journals A influência da distribuição espacial na qualidade do fuste de Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) em floresta de terra firme manejada na Amazônia Oriental / The influence of spatial distribution on the stem quality of Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) in a managed upland forest in the Eastern Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 84130-84146
Author(s):  
Thiago Alan Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Daniele de Sousa Brandão ◽  
Artur Vinícius Ferreira Dos Santos ◽  
Brenda Karina Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Daynara Costa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Stem Quality

FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF ONE HECTARE OF PALM-DOMINATED CREEK FOREST IN JENARO HERRERA, PERU

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-280
Author(s):  
R. M. Prickett ◽  
E. N. Honorio C. ◽  
Y. Baba ◽  
H. M. Baden ◽  
C. M. Alvez V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Permanent Plot ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Floristic Inventory ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
Carapa Procera ◽  
Iriartea Deltoidea

A floristic inventory was carried out in an area of palm-dominated creek forest in Jenaro Herrera, in the northeast of Peru. All trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were surveyed in a one-hectare permanent plot using the standard RAINFOR methodology. There were 618 individuals belonging to 230 species, 106 genera and 43 families. The results showed that the total basal area of the trees in the plot was 23.7 m2. The three species with the highest importance value indexes were Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) and Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae). The five most dominant families in order of importance were Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae. Although the soil of this plot was poorly drained, the number of trees and the diversity of the plot were typical for terra firme forest in the western Amazon.

Placement Plants on the Field Area by Seeding Machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-261
Author(s):  
Pavel Lavrukhin ◽  
Sergey Senkevich ◽  
Pavel Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Area

Any harvest is primarily the realization of the potential productivity of plants in certain conditions, depending on the parameters and operating modes of the sowing machine. The result of the operation of mechanized sowing will be the parameters of the nutrition area of each plant is the shape and numerical value of these area. The resulting schemes of plant placement on the field correspond to certain characteristics and parameters of the areas of plant nutrition, determining the availability of all elements of mineral nutrition, photosynthetically active radiation, and the relationship of units of agrophytocenosis. This is one of the decisive conditions for the harvest. The development of theoretical ideas about the uniformity of plant placement and the use of appropriate criteria and characteristics will create the necessary understanding of the role of the sowing machines in crop production during cultivated plants in the framework of mechanized technology.

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