scholarly journals A influência da distribuição espacial na qualidade do fuste de Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) em floresta de terra firme manejada na Amazônia Oriental / The influence of spatial distribution on the stem quality of Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) in a managed upland forest in the Eastern Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 84130-84146
Author(s):  
Thiago Alan Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Daniele de Sousa Brandão ◽  
Artur Vinícius Ferreira Dos Santos ◽  
Brenda Karina Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Daynara Costa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Stem Quality

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DE Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. E Dinizia excelsa DUCKE EM FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME NO AMAPÁ

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Samuel Nahon da Costa ◽  
Fernando Galvão Rabelo ◽  
Robson Borges de Lima ◽  
Diego Armando Silva da Silva ◽  
Cleyton Wilson Pereira de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Diameter Classes ◽  
Dinizia Excelsa

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura diamétrica e espacial das espécies Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. e Dinizia excelsa Ducke. A distribuição diamétrica foi determinada conforme a metodologia de Sturges. O modelo de Meyer foi ajustado para estimar o número de indivíduos por classe de diâmetro. O padrão de distribuição espacial foi estimado por meio do índice de Morisita. Foram encontrados 1.372 indivíduos de M. huberi, onde os dados de sua estrutura diamétrica foram divididas em 11 classes com intervalo de 6,58 cm. Em relação à espécie D. excelsa, foram encontrados 100 indivíduos e seus dados geraram 7 classes diamétricas com 12 cm de intervalo. A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos de M. huberi seguiu a distribuição em “J-invertido”, que é típica das florestas naturais inequiâneas, com um quociente “q” estimado de 1,39. Já os indivíduos da espécie D. excelsa apresentaram-se desbalanceados em todos os centros de classes, não seguindo a tendência de “J-invertido”, e um quociente “q” estimado de 1,22. Quanto à distribuição espacial, observou-se por meio do índice de Morisita que ambas as espécies seguem uma distribuição agrupada em que os indivíduos localizam-se próxima à planta mãe, portanto, as populações tendem a ser agrupadas. As espécies possuem distribuição espacial agregado, subsidiando a exploração das árvores com aptidão ao manejo, observando possíveis ressalvas para a espécie M. huberi.Palavras-chave: quociente De Liocourt; índice de Morisita; floresta ombrófila. POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. AND Dinizia excelsa Ducke IN AN UPLAND FOREST IN AMAPA ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze the diametric and spatial structure of the Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. and Dinizia excelsa Ducke species. The diameters distribution was determined according to the Sturges methodology. The Meyer model was adjusted to estimate the number of individuals per diameter class. The spatial distribution pattern was estimated using the Morisita index. We found 1,372 individuals of M. huberi, where the data of their diametric structure were divided into 11 classes with an interval of 6.58 cm. In relation to specie D. excelsa, we found 100 individuals and their data generated 7 diameter classes with 12 cm interval. The diameter distribution of M. huberi individuals followed the J-inverted distribution, which is typical of uneven-aged natural forest, with an estimated "q" quotient of 1.39. On the other hand, the individuals of the D. excelsa species showed unbalanced in all class centers, not following the J-inverted distribution and estimated “q” quotient of 1.22. As for the spatial distribution, it was observed through the Morisita index that both species follow a grouped distribution in which the individuals are located close to the mother plant, therefore, the populations tend to be grouped. The species have an aggregate spatial distribution, subsidizing the exploitation of trees with aptitude for management, observing possible caveats for M. huberi specie.Keywords: De Liocourt quotient; Morisita index; ombrophylous forest.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DE SERAPILHEIRA EM UMA ÁREA DE FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Gabriel Araújo Paes Freire ◽  
Dione Judite Ventura ◽  
Igor Georgios Fotopoulos ◽  
Diogo Martins Rosa ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Permanent Plot ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Reserve

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e decomposição de serapilheira em uma área de floresta primária de terra firme na Reserva Biológica do Jaru. Para tanto, foi implantada uma parcela permanente de 1 hectare, onde foram demarcadas 25 subparcelas com 20 x 20 m cada. Para a coleta de serapilheira, instalou-se 25 coletores de PVC (1 em cada centro da subparcela), medindo 0,25 m², a 1 metro do solo, com malha de nylon de 1 mm. Para estimar o estoque de serapilheira, utilizou-se 25 coletores de madeira, medindo 0,25 m², com malha de nylon de 1 mm, dispostos no solo de cada subparcela. As coletas da pesquisa foram realizadas quinzenalmente, entre os meses de outubro de 2016 a setembro de 2017, e a serapilheira triada nas frações: folha, galho, material reprodutivo e miscelânea. No laboratório, os materiais amostrados foram secos em estufa à 80 ºC e pesados em balança de precisão centesimal, sendo que a decomposição de serapilheira foi estimada através da relação entre produção e estoque. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a produção de serapilheira total foi de 14,13 Mg ha-1 e as frações seguiram o padrão: folhamiscelâneagalhomaterial reprodutivo. As maiores produções aconteceram na estação seca e a taxa de decomposição foi 1,37, indicando que a atividade microbiana na área de estudo é acelerada.Palavras-chave: dinâmica sazonal; nutrição de plantas; ecologia florestal; decomposição. LITTER DYNAMICS IN A FOREST AREA OF GROUND FIRM, WESTERN AMAZON ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the litter production and decomposition in an area of primary upland forest in the Jaru Biological Reserve. For that, a permanent plot of 1 hectare was implanted, where 25 subplots with 20 x 20 m each were demarcated. For the collection of litter, 25 PVC collectors were installed (1 in each center of the subplot), measuring 0.25 m², 1 meter from the ground, with 1 mm nylon mesh. To estimate the litter stock, 25 wood collectors, measuring 0.25 m², with 1 mm nylon mesh, were used, arranged in the soil of each subplot. The collections of the research were carried out fortnightly, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017, and the litter is sorted in the fractions: leaf, branch, reproductive material and miscellaneous. In the laboratory, the sampled materials were dried in an oven at 80 ºC and weighed on a centesimal precision scale, and the litter decomposition was estimated through the relationship between production and stock. According to the results obtained, the total litter production was 14.13 Mg ha-1 and the fractions followed the pattern: leafmiscellaneousbranchreproductive material. The highest yields occurred in the dry season and the decomposition rate was 1.37, indicating that the microbial activity in the study area is accelerated.Keyword: seasonal dynamics; plant nutrition; forest ecology; decomposition.

scholarly journals Armazenamento úmido e seco de rosas cortadas

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Gláucia Moraes Dias ◽  
José Maria Monteiro Sigrist ◽  
Patricia Cia ◽  
Sylvio Luís Honório
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
The World ◽  
Stem Quality

Rosa sp. is the leading cut flower commercialized in Brazil and in the world; and to maintain stem quality it should be stored at 1 °C, however, there are still doubts about the storage of roses, especially whether the stems should be cold stored in water before marketing. In order to assess the feasibility of wet and dry storage, rose stems, ‘Avalanche’ were stored for 28 days in both conditions at 1 ± 2 °C / 95% RH. Weekly stems batches were transferred to 25 °C / 70% RH and kept in vessels containing tap water for postharvest assessment. It was observed that the decrease in the quality of the roses was inversely proportional to the storage time in both treatments. Although wet storage can occur for up to 21 days, when you need to store roses for a week or two, cold storage in dry condition is advised since it is more economical and viable for the producer.

scholarly journals Trailing back from quasi decentralisation to centralisation. Municipal reform in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
László Kákai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

Trailing back from quasi decentralisation to centralisation. Municipal reform in Hungary It is very difficult to group countries and state structures according to the extent of their decentralization or the model they follow in the spatial distribution of power. The bounds of responsibility of local government and the state, the distribution of the roles and tasks between the two stakeholders and the question of centralization and decentralization are issues regularly debated in recent years and today. This topic is not merely a public administration, financial or state organization issue since these decisions have a direct impact on citizens’ lives through public services. In my study I wish to introduce this process via Hungary’s example. I also examine how and what those concerned by the financial and political changes, i.e. the population perceived of this most important structural transformation of the period since the transition in 1989. Can it be verified from the consumers’ point of view that the transformation of the local municipal system improves the quality of service provision?

scholarly journals Calidad fisiológica de semillas y variabilidad entre plantas en una población de arroz

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Luis Osmar Braga Schuch ◽  
Igor Kohls ◽  
Andreia da Silva Almeida ◽  
Cristiane Deuner ◽  
Jerffeson Araujo Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Early Seedling

<p>La calidad fisiológica de la semilla podría afectar el rendimiento de granos de arroz. Las diferencias en la calidad fisiológica de las semillas pueden causar la reducción y desuniformidad de la emergencia en el campo, acarreando una diferencia en el crecimiento inicial de las plantas, y consecuentemente afectando el cultivo y su rendimiento. Se realizo un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar la distribución espacial y la variabilidad en la población entre las plantas de arroz, en función de la calidad fisiológica de las semillas. Fueron utilizados nueve lotes de semillas de la cultivar BR-IRGA 410, siendo tres de alta, tres de media y tres de baja calidad fisiológica. Cada bloque consistió de nueve líneas de 5,5 metros de longitud, separadas por 0,12 metros. Se evaluó el número de fallas consecutivas y la variabilidad entre las plantas a través del coeficiente de variación de la altura de plantas y de la materia seca. El uso de las semillas con baja calidad fisiológica proporcionó mayor desuniformidad en la distribución espacial de la planta en el campo, y una mayor variabilidad entre las plantas que componen la población, lo que puede proporcionar un aumento en la competencia intra-especifica.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seeds physiological quality and variability among plants in populations of rice</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Several authors try to relate the physiological quality of seeds with grain yield of rice. Differences in the physiological quality of seeds can cause reduction and uniformity of emergence in the field, leading to differential on early seedling growth, and consequently affecting the culture and your yield. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution and variability in populations of rice plants, depending on the physiological quality of seeds. Were used nine seed lots of cultivar BR-IRGA 410, three lots of high, three lots of medium and three lots of low physiological quality. Each block was composed of nine lines of 5.5 meters in length, spaced 0.12 meters. We evaluated the number of consecutive failures in emergence, and plant variability through the coefficient of variation of plant height and dry matter. The use of seed with low physiological quality provides increased uniformity in the spatial distribution of plants in the field, and greater variability from plants comprising the population, which can provide an increase in intra-specific competition.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Electron beam control using experimentally measured transport matrices

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. McKee ◽  
John M.J. Madey
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Electron Accelerators

Free electron lasers (FELs) place very stringent requirements on the quality of electron beams. Present techniques for commissioning and operating electron accelerators may not be optimized to produce the high brightness beams needed. Therefore, it is proposed to minimize the beamline errors in electron accelerator transport systems by minimizing the deviations between the experimentally measured and design transport matrices of each beamline section. The transport matrix for each section is measured using evoked responses. In addition, the transverse phase space of the beam is reconstructed by measuring the spatial distribution of the electrons at a number of different betatron phases and applying tomographic techniques developed for medical imaging.

Modeling of spatial distribution of passenger traffi c on interurban bus routes

Innotrans ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Martynenko ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Shevtsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Ticket Price ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Classical Gravity ◽  
Bus Service

This paper is devoted to the quantitative description of the spatial distribution of passenger traffic based on the classical gravity model on the example of interurban bus service between Yekaterinburg and other cities of the Sverdlovsk region. The influence of factors such as population, distance between localities, and ticket price on the volume of passenger traffic was studied. As a result of the correlation and regression analysis, it was found that both the distance between localities and the ticket price can be used as a measure of the remoteness of localities. However, the quality of the resulting regression model does not change. The spatial distribution of interurban bus passenger traffic depends on the measure of distance of localities from each other and the size of their population. Moreover, the size of the population is a much more significant factor than the measure of distance. From a practical point of view, this means that when predicting passenger traffic, demographic factors must first be taken into account.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Joannesia princeps Vell. SEEDS1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo André Beltrame ◽  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Vagner Mauri Quinto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Physiological Quality

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of the attributes that determine the physiological quality of Joannesia princeps seeds. Seeds were collected, individually from, 40 mother plants in the Horto Florestal Municipal Laerth Paiva Gama, in Alegre-ES, which constituted the georeferenced sampling mesh. For germination, the seeds tegument was cracked and was held the imbibition in gibberellic acid GA3 500 mg L-1 for 24 h in environmental chamber with temperature adjusted to 30 ºC. The seeds were sown in plastic bags of ± 600 cm3 containing soil+sand+manure in the proportion of 1:1:1. On the 65th day after sowing, the following variables were analised: emergence (E), emergence speed index (IVE), root length (CR), diameter of base (DC), shoot length of the aerial part (CPA), fresh mass of the root system (MFSR), fresh mass of the aerial part (MFPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR) and dry mass of the aerial part (MSPA). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, geostatistics and kriging. With the exception of CPA and MFSR, it was found spatial dependence for the other studied variables: E, IVE, CR, DC, MFPA, MSSR e MSPA; varying of 14,0 a 47,5 m, so that the lowest range for the CR and longer range and degree of spatial dependence for the IVE. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the physiological quality of seeds of J. princeps can be used as a tool to define the sampling region of seeds with high and low vigor.

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