CASSAVA LEAF LITTER ESTIMATION IN ON-FARM TRIALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. CARSKY ◽  
M. A. TOUKOUROU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
The Relationship

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) returns organic matter and nutrients to the soil through leaf litter and these amounts need to be quantified to help understand and design sustainable cropping systems. Our objectives were to estimate dry matter and nutrient contents in cassava leaf litter and to derive relationships between litter fall and easily measurable cassava yield components. Litter traps (1 m2) were placed in farmers' fields for monthly monitoring during a three year period. Maximum monthly leaf litter production ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 t ha−1, and occurred at the end of the first rainy season and at the onset of the next rainy season. In the first year, the mean dry matter of leaves collected during 12 months of growth was 3.4 t ha−1 for the unamended treatment, and 4.1 t ha−1 when N-P-K fertilizer was applied. The totals were 2.4 and 3.0 t ha−1 in 2000–2001 and 1.6 and 2.5 t ha−1 in 2001–2002, respectively. Annual differences were apparently related to rainfall. The relationship with fresh root yield was best described using one slope and yearly intercepts giving an r2 of 0.63. This relationship can be exploited for estimating litter dry matter in agronomic experiments when rough estimates are sufficient, keeping in mind that the relationship may not be the same for cultivars of differing architecture. Otherwise, the use of litter traps gives the best estimate of annual litter production.

scholarly journals Nutritional contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of in Potassium doses applied through fertigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Wellintong Farias Araújo ◽  
João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽  
Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Myrciaria Dubia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Leaf N

The objective in this study was to determine the nutrient contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of five K2O doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) applied through fertigation.  Leaf dry matter (LDM), total dry matter (TDM), and leaf nutrient contents were evaluated.  The LDM and TDM were higher in plants subjected to the dose of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, with 52.44 g and 302.69 g, respectively.  Leaf N and K contents were 22.15 and 9.48 g kg-1 in response to 160 kg ha-1 of K2O.  The mean P, Ca and S contents were 1.6, 17.89 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively, and the content of Mg2 + decreased from 5.62 to 2.74 g kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The B, Mn and Fe contents decreased from 136.5 to 100.0, 346.24 to 248, and from 142.06 to 97.35 mg kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The mean Cu and Zn contents were 3.81 and 40,54 mg kg-1, respectively, at the K2O doses.  The nutrient content determined in the leaves of M. dubia were adequate for the development of the species in the first year of cultivation, presenting the following decreasing order: N> Ca> K> Mg> P = S> Mn> B> Fe > Zn> Cu.

scholarly journals Understory vegetation relationships with soil element contents in a northern boreal forest ecosystem near a phosphate massif

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Matkala ◽  
Maija Salemaa ◽  
Jaana Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
P Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We studied the relationship of forest understory vegetation with nutrient contents of soil and tree leaves near Sokli phosphate ore in northern Finland, where the soil contains naturally high variation in phosphorus (P) contents. At most study plots boreal dwarf shrubs, bryophytes and lichen formed a dense mat under a mixture of sparsely growing Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pubescens. However, some plots were dominated by B. pubescens and had a higher variety and number of forbs and grasses in the understory. The total P content in the soil humus layer explained the abundance and species composition of the vegetation slightly better than the total nitrogen content. The spatial variation in contents of soil elements was high both between and within plots, emphasizing the heterogeneity of soil. High contents of P in the humus layer (max. 2600 mg kg−1) were measured from the birch-dominated plots. As the P contents of birch leaves and leaf litter were also rather high (2580 mg kg−1 and 1280 mg kg−1, respectively), this may imply that the leaf litter of birch forms an important source of P to the soil.

Post-Rainy Season Pigeonpea Holds Promise for the Diversification of Cropping Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARBIND K. CHOUDHARY ◽  
RAKESH KUMAR ◽  
KUL BHUSHAN SAXENA ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
North East ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

The temporal and spatial intensity of rainfall in north-east plains (Central and Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assom and North-Eastern states) often leads to temporary waterlogging, causing partial to complete mortality of pigeonpea seedlings during rainy season. Post-rainy season (September) plantings may be adopted as an alternate approach to address the issue of waterlogging and crop diversification. Research conducted at the ICAR-RCER, Patna has shown that sowing of ‘Pusa 9’ during second week of September after harvest of quality protein green cob maize provided up to 3.0 t/ha grain yield under zero tillage with optimum crop management practices (one hand weeding, one-two insecticide spray of imidacloroprid @1mL/L water at 10 days’ interval commencing from second fortnight of February). Similarly, ‘IPA 203’ sown on September 20, 2018 yielded more than 3.0 t/ha under conventional tillage practices (N: P: K: 20:50:0; two hand weeding; one irrigation during second fortnight of December and two spray of the same insecticide at the same interval). These findings indicate that the system is agronomically feasible, economically highly remunerative and ecologically sustainable to bring about diversification in upland ecology of north-east plains of India.

scholarly journals Litter Production, Decomposition, and Nutrient Release in Subalpine Forest Communities of the Northwest Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Bisht ◽  
Bhagwati P. Nautiyal ◽  
Chandra P. Kuniyal ◽  
P. Prasad ◽  
Rakesh C. Sundriyal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
North West ◽  
Fresh Litter

Production, decomposition, and release of nutrients from leaf and nonleaf litter were investigated in four subalpine forests of North-West Himalaya, India. Total annual litter fall in four communities varied from 2950.00 to 4040.00 kg ha−1 and was found significant (CD0.05 = 118.2). Decomposition of leaf litter varied from 1.82–3.5% during autumn-winter to 36.14–45.51 during summer rainy season in all stands and percent of mass loss was significantly varied in stands (CD6.00). Similarly, decomposition in nonleaf litter was varied from 0.3–1.1% during autumn-winter to 19.59–30.05% during summer rainy season and was significantly varied irrespective of seasons. However, percent decomposition of leaf litter and the values of decay constant (k) were at par in all stands. Total standing state of nutrients in fresh litter as well as release of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in due course of decomposition (12 months) was also varying significantly. The rate of nonleaf litter decomposition was significantly positively correlated with air temperature (r=0.63–0.74 in all communities). The significant correlation (r=0.85) was observed only in Rhododendron-Sorbus forest community (PRS). Study indicates that the air temperature is a major determinant for nonleaf litter decomposition in this region.

Concentrations of potassium in the dry matter and tissue water of field-grown spring barley and their relationships to grain yield

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Leigh ◽  
A. E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYIn 68 spring barley crops grown in five experiments at Rothamsted and Woburn between 1980 and 1982, and given adequate K fertilizer, there was a positive correlation (r = 0·76; P < 0·001) between maximum % K in dry matter of young plants and the grain yield at final harvest. In all crops changes in % K in dry matter during the growing season were directly related to changes in fresh weight to dry weight ratio (FW: DW) suggesting that differences in % K in dry matter were the result of differences in tissue hydration. Potassium concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were not correlated with grain yield. All crops maintained K concentrations in their tissue water of about 200 mmol/kg tissue water, except at the end of the growing season when water loss during ripening caused a steep rise.The correlation between % K in dry matter and yield was the result of differences in FW: DW. Within each experiment there was a good correlation between FW: DW and grain yield, but because the relationship was different for each experiment the overall correlation for all crops was poor. The correlation between FW: DW and grain yield within experiments probably arises because crops with a higher FW: DW will have higher specific leaf areas and hence higher relative growth rates and yields.

scholarly journals Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia IV: weeds

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Raimo Kauppila
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Grass Ley

At Suitia, Southern Finland, weed populations in different crop rotations at conventional and organic cropping systems were investigated in 1982—1988. The number of weeds and the dry matter yields of weeds were greater in organic cropping (on average 324 weeds/m2 and 425 kg DM/ha) compared to conventional cropping (94 weeds/m2 and 61 kg DM/ha). There were least weeds in the conventionally cultivated ley. The first year, clover ley in organic cropping prevented the growth of weeds as well as the grass ley in conventional cropping. Overwintering damages in organically cultivated leys increased the amounts of weeds in the following ley years. Organically cultivated winter wheat reduced the amount and weight of weeds almost as well as conventionally cultivated winter wheat although its biomass was three-fourths of the conventionally cultivated winter wheat. The biomass of organically cultivated barley later on in the rotations was only one-fifth of the conventionally cultivated barley and had five times more weeds. In conventional cropping, the number of weeds in almost all weed species was decreased or stayed at the same level during the experiment. In organic cropping, the number of most weeds in weed species increased from the level for 1982. Most increased Stellaria media, Fallopio convolvulus, Lamium sp and Chenopodium album.

scholarly journals Dynamics of leaf, flower and fruit abscission in avocado cv. Hass in Antioquia, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Jorge Alonso Bernal-Estrada ◽  
Alvaro De Jesús Tamayo-Vélez ◽  
Cipriano Arturo Díaz-Diez
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Leaf Litter Production ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients

The amount of leaf litter produced by avocado trees cv. Hass is an important potential source of mineral resources, and quantifying its production and nature is crucial to understanding the cycling of nutrients. The main objective of this study was to quantify the production of leaf litter and fallen flowers and small fruits in avocado orchards at eight locations in three producing areas in the Department of Antioquia (west, southwest, and north). The highest leaf litter production occurred in southwest Antioquia, at Jardin (7.6 t ha-1 year-1); the east locations had similar leaf fall (4.03-3.4 t ha-1 year-1). The dry matter produced in the north was very similar in both locations. The dry matter was 2.8 t ha-1 year-1. Higher leaf litter was recorded in all locations during the driest periods. Approximately 80% of the fallen fruits had diameters less than 1 cm. The highest flower production and fall occurred in southwest Antioquia, followed by the northern region.

scholarly journals Active optical sensing of canopies in pasture management

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roberts ◽  
A.Suarez Infiesta ◽  
B. Schäbitz ◽  
J. Fourie ◽  
A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Commercial units of Active Optical Sensor (AOS) systems are designed for sensing arable crops to estimate the required amount of nitrogen fertiliser and are well established in intensive arable cropping systems in Europe. A research version AOS (RU-AOS) of a commercial system was tested as a potential canopy sensor for New Zealand dairy pastures. To study the applicability of this sensor a sensitivity experiment was conducted. Additionally, a plot experiment investigated the relationship between the spectrometer and biomass attributes on ryegrass and white clover canopies fertilised with five different nitrogen amounts. The pasture plots were sensed with the RU-AOS and results compared with measured biomass dry matter and nitrogen amount. For some events a strong linear relationship between dry matter (DM) and the water index (WI) was evident (i.e. r2 = 0.80) as well as between nitrogen (N) amount and simple ratio (SR) (i.e. r2 = 0.89). The results suggest there is potential for this sensor to estimate New Zealand dairy pasture attributes. This could be used to develop a pasture system similar to commercial arable cropping nitrogen sensor AOSs. Keywords: Active Optical Sensor; pasture; nitrogen

Effect of Small Broomrape (Orobanche Minor) on Red Clover Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Lins ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
The Relationship

Small broomrape is a parasite of several broadleaf plant species. Consequences of small broomrape infestation in host cropping systems include seed contamination, reduction in crop seed yield, and host plant death. The effect of small broomrape parasitism on the biomass partitioning of its primary host, red clover, has not been documented. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between small broomrape and red clover biomass accumulation. Total biomass of parasitized red clover plants was 15 to 51% less than nonparasitized red clover plants. Small broomrape parasitism reduced the amount of dry matter allocated to red clover inflorescences by 50 to 80%. Small broomrape dry matter accumulation was strongly related to total red clover–small broomrape dry matter accumulation. Small broomrape attachment number per red clover plant was a poor indicator of relative small broomrape dry weight accumulation. The results of this study indicated that small broomrape accumulated resources from red clover at the greatest expense to the economically important reproductive tissues.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document