Application of the Software System of Finite Element Analysis for the Simulation and Design Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Modules

The chapter discusses the simulation of thermal operating conditions and the optimization of the design of solar photovoltaic thermal modules. As a realization of the developed method, two photovoltaic thermal modules with one-sided solar cells with one-sided heat removal and two-sided solar cells with two-sided heat removal are presented. The components of the developed models of solar modules must be optimized on the basis of the required indicators of the thermal mode of operation of the modules. For this task, a method has been developed for visualizing thermal processes using the Ansys system of finite element analysis, which has been used to research thermal modes of operation and to optimize the design of the modules created. With the help of the developed method, the temperature fields of the module components, coolant velocity and its flow lines in the developed models of a planar photovoltaic thermal roofing panel and a concentrator photovoltaic thermal two-sided module are visualized.

Energy-Saving Systems Using Photovoltaic Modules

The chapter presents the results of the development of two systems. The first is a photovoltaic system parallel to the power supply network of LED lamps. The algorithms of the system operation for both working and emergency lighting are shown. The basic operating modes of the system are considered taking into account the criterion of the minimum cost of electricity generated. These modes provide the most complete use of solar energy in the working day with minimal additional costs, allowing the consumer to save on electricity and increase the reliability of the emergency lighting system. The second system is a solar photovoltaic module built into a standard double-glazed window sash size 730x700 (mm), which is designed to charge a block of lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 6.8 Ah with an output voltage of 5.25 V, the energy of which can be used to power any device having a USB 2.0 connector. The results of calculation of the required peak photovoltaic power of the module are presented; the technology of its sealing is described.

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Reconstruction Strategies for Distribution Power Networks Designed for Rural Power Supply

The rural distribution network has deteriorated. This is due to the high failure rate of electrical equipment, high maintenance costs, reduced power quality, and the increased duration of power outages in agricultural production. This leads to a short supply of electricity, downtime of processing equipment, loss of production or production of low-grade products, as well as excessive energy losses during transmission. The important issue is the development of advanced methods for assessing the feasibility and effectiveness for component replacement of power transmission equipment with newer and more modern, reducing electrical energy loss in the distribution network. To solve these problems, various strategies have been developed and studied to improve the reliability of 10 kV overhead power lines by using modern insulators, wires, and supports.

Lévy-Enhanced Swarm Intelligence for Optimizing a Multiobjective Biofuel Supply Chain

Engineering systems are currently plagued by various complexities and uncertainties. Metaheuristics have emerged as an essential tool for effective engineering design and operations. Nevertheless, conventional metaheuristics still struggle to reach optimality in the face of highly complex engineering problems. Aiming to further boost the performance of conventional metaheuristics, strategies such as hybridization and various enhancements have been added into the existing solution methods. In this work, swarm intelligence techniques were employed to solve the real-world, large-scale biofuel supply chain problem. Additionally, the supply chain problem considered in this chapter is multiobjective (MO) in nature. Comparative analysis was then performed on the swarm techniques. To further enhance the search capability of the best solution method (GSA), the Lévy flight component from the Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm was incorporated into the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) technique; developing the novel Lévy-GSA technique. Measurement metrics were then utilized to analyze the results.

Modeling of Electrohydraulic Technology in Agriculture

The authors reveal the relevance of modeling electrohydraulic technology in terms of determining the parameters that cannot be measured by existing methods and technical means. The purpose of the chapter is modeling of electrohydraulic technology in agriculture. By modeling, the authors are developing an installation for obtaining nutrient solutions under irrigation conditions in order to increase the yield in greenhouse vegetable combines while ensuring the environmental friendliness of the process. The authors used the methods of research, analysis and calculation of technical means and control systems applied to high-voltage electro-technological installations of agricultural use. Mathematical patterns are established and a logically based relationship is established between the changes in electrical conductivity of water as a result of electrohydraulic processing.

Optimization of Sectionalization Parameters of Distributive Electric Networks

The reliability of electrical consumers depends on the presence of sectioning devices in electrical network distribution. Determining the number and installation sites of sectioning machines is an important optimization problem, based on a comparison of the cost of installing devices and reducing the damage to consumers from an undersupply of electricity. A mathematical model is proposed to determine the cost-effectiveness of installing partitioning switching devices for networks with a means of increasing reliability. This allows for the choice when installing switching devices not only meets an economic criterion (in the form of reducing damage to the power supply system as a whole), but also takes into account the change in the duration of downtime of local consumers.

Placement Plants on the Field Area by Seeding Machines

Any harvest is primarily the realization of the potential productivity of plants in certain conditions, depending on the parameters and operating modes of the sowing machine. The result of the operation of mechanized sowing will be the parameters of the nutrition area of each plant is the shape and numerical value of these area. The resulting schemes of plant placement on the field correspond to certain characteristics and parameters of the areas of plant nutrition, determining the availability of all elements of mineral nutrition, photosynthetically active radiation, and the relationship of units of agrophytocenosis. This is one of the decisive conditions for the harvest. The development of theoretical ideas about the uniformity of plant placement and the use of appropriate criteria and characteristics will create the necessary understanding of the role of the sowing machines in crop production during cultivated plants in the framework of mechanized technology.

Obtaining and Using Biogas in Agricultural Production

In recent years, an increased interest has been shown in fuels derived from renewable energy resources of animal and vegetable origin, raw materials of which are practically unlimited. The use of biofuels makes it possible not only to replace petroleum motor fuels with alternative ones, but also to improve exhaust gas toxicity indicators (as a rule, there is a marked decrease in emissions of toxic exhaust gas components). This work is devoted to the study of the possibilities of solving these problems in order to adapt diesel to biogas, a theoretical study of ways to create an experimental model of a power plant for generating electricity from biogas, a theoretical study on the processes occurring in the main components of the plant being developed and the creation of this plant.

To Methodology Research of Microwave

In the presented materials, a system of principles and approaches for studying processes of microwave-convective grain treatment is discussed. The essence of this research is described starting from the initial phase of designing structural diagrams of technological processes. Based on the explicitly-defined process target, a functional-physical analysis has been performed that made it possible to specify the most essential factors of process. The morphological analysis of the processes was carried out in several stages. At each stage, the specification of the goal and excluded variants of factors that at this stage, the development is impractical to implement. It is advisable to carry out a check of the effectiveness of the options selected from the morphological table using modeling. To this end, developed a mathematical and computer models of the process. The results of modeling the drying of grain in the microwave - convective zone confirmed the feasibility and efficiency of using the obtained model.

Development and Research of Phase-Transition and Thermochemical Materials for Heat Accumulation

The chapter discusses various phase-transition heat-accumulating materials. Their application in heat pumps and their use for heat supply are presented. Phase-transition heat-accumulating materials in heat pipes are also considered, various types of heat pipes are presented. The installation of heat storage with phase-transition materials is presented. Along with phase-transition heat-accumulating materials, the chapter considers thermochemical heat-accumulating material of photochemical reactions of energy storage. As an example of a thermochemical heat-accumulating material, a solar power plant for thermochemical energy storage is presented. A developed computer program for the description of thermochemical reactions allows examining chemical and thermochemical reactions in multicomponent reciprocal systems, which can be carried out in the course of the reciprocal multicomponent systems. The computer program allows identifying thermochemical reactions occurring in mutual multicomponent systems, regardless of component and dependent on temperature.