scholarly journals Rare macrofungi from Central Börzsöny I. Hungarian occurrence data and habitat preference

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Benedek ◽  
F. Pál-Fám
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Habitat Characterisation

Mycological investigations have been made since 2001 in all characteristic forest types in Central Börzsöny Mts., North Hungary. Among the near 500 macrolungi species documented 8 protected and 32 rare taxa occurred. Present paper concerns 13 of these taxa: 3 critically endangered, 7 endangered and 3 vulnerable in Hungary. Near the summarisation of the European habitat preference a Hungarian habitat characterisation were made for each species based on all Hungarian documented occurrence data. Majority of the species have similar habitat preference in Hungary to the European one, but some exceptions were noted. Boletus pinophilus is a typical species of deciduous forests with acidic soil, not documented from coniferous stands. Pluteo.v umbrosus prefers undisturbed forest stands with high quantity of dead wood in Hungary and did not occur in parks. Trichoma psammopus fructified in lower altitude in deciduous and mixed forest stands (always connected with Larix). Sonic species were rarer in Hungary, than in other European countries, caused by lack of their original habitats: Boletus pinophilus, 11rclJrclloin concrescens, Tremella encephala, Tricholoma aurantium, Iwo species — Boleros torosus anti Amanita lirielopallescens — were touch common in Hungary than in Europe. Two taxa —Amanita vaginata var. alba, Tremella encephala — are new From Hungary.

scholarly journals Characteristics of coniferous and mixed forest types in the basins of Belaya and Malaya Laba rivers (North-Western Caucasus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00020
Author(s):  
Yulia Sablirova ◽  
Fatimat Tembotova ◽  
Rustam Pshegusov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
North Western

Based on the results of the studies conducted in the forest areas of the basins of the rivers Belaya and Malaya Laba, there has been compiled a typological scheme of the coniferous and mixed forests of North-Western Caucasus (NWC) which included 21 forest types, that are distributed into 12 groups. The forest stands of the studied forests types is predominantly complex in composition: mixed-age groups, multi-tiered, medium to high productivity, medium to high-density. The forest regeneration is weak or very weak, according to the scale proposed by S. M. Bebia. The data obtained during the research can be used for assessing the dynamics of the forest biogeocenoses, biodiversity, as well as successional processes.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SHARE PARTICIPATION OF PINE AND SPRUCE ON INVENTORY INDICES OF MIXED FOREST STANDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Данилов ◽  
Dmitriy Danilov ◽  
Беляева ◽  
Nataliia Beliaeva ◽  
Мартынов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Density ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Groups Of Forest Types

The influence of composition on the dynamics of inventory indices of the mixed modal forest stands is considered: ridges with the groups of forest types of middle subzone of taiga in the territory of the Leningrad region, for 60 year period. The course of growth of pine and spruce in the mixed stand is due to the composition of the stand, which affects the entire life cycle of its development. Analysis of forest inventory data at the test plots has shown that the median line for the average height and diameter has the distinction of growth from tabular reference data. Differences in the dynamics of growth in valuation metrics over the study period is due to the initial density of pine, then spruce, and the degree of difference in the age of trees. The variability of average heights and diameters on the experimental plots is influenced by the share of particular species in the composition of the stand. The stand composition significantly affects average diameter and height of tiers, composing the mixed coniferous forest that was confirmed by single-factor analysis of variance. The sum of the areas of the cross sections at the pine tier of the virtually at all experienced objects increases up to the age of 100-120 years, and in spruce this dependence is shown only up to the age of 80-85 years. Pine tier depending on the initial density has a greater impact on the composition of the mixed stands than spruce. This can be considered as a fact of environmental compliance of the conditions of the types: ridges with groups of forest types, for successful growth of pine. In mixed stands, untouched by commercial logging, the spruce element, quantitatively not exceeding the pine one, are stunted and produce less stock

scholarly journals Forestry and taxation characteristics of Spruce (Piceetum oxalidosum) stands in Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
К.Е. Vedernikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
Acidic Type

The results of a forestry and taxation study of spruce stands of the acidic type of two forest districts of the Udmurt Republic are presented. The death of the most productive spruce individuals (productivity class I–II according to B.D. Zhilkin) and pure spruce plantations (acidic forest types, I–II class of bonitet) was noted due to the mass spread of bark beetle typographus (Ips typographus). The most extensive processes of shrinking of plantings were noted in the forest area of coniferous-deciduous forests of Udmurtia. A decrease in completeness in some areas of spruce stands to 0,1...0,3 was revealed, as well as the accumulation of large volumes of dead wood. A change in environmental conditions was revealed due to a decrease in completeness in spruce stands, which led to the development of field grasses and the growth of soft-leaved species. Despite the fact that the peak of the bark beetle development occurred in 2013, a gradual expansion of its range was revealed both in the forest area of coniferous-deciduous forests and in the south taiga forest area of the Udmurt Republic.

scholarly journals Fire and windthrow in forests: Winners and losers in Neuropterida and Mecoptera

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Duelli ◽  
Beat Wermelinger ◽  
Marco Moretti ◽  
Martin К. Obrist
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
New Habitats

The mid-term impact of forest fires and windthrows on species compositions in the insect orders Neuroptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera was assessed in Swiss forests using standardized flight interception traps. For 50 species the abundances in intact control plots were compared to those in moderately or strongly disturbed forest stands. The catches were combined over four forest disturbance projects ranging from windthrows in alpine spruce forests and lowland deciduous forests to winter forest fires in Southern Switzerland and a large summer fire in southwestern Switzerland. As a result 82% of the 50 species benefited from the disturbance and became more abundant in the years after the fire or windthrow. More species (19) had their maximum abundance in intermediately disturbed plots than in heavily disturbed forests (17). Only 11 species mainly Hemerobiidae and Coniopterygidae peaked in the undisturbed forest stands. The species are listed per impact and ranked as winners (more than 66% specimens per treatment collected in disturbed forest plots) losers (more than 66% specimens per treatment in undisturbed forest plots) and indifferent species. An additional 29 species that were too scarce for an assessment are listed in Appendix 1. We conclude that for Neuropterida and Mecoptera catastrophic incidences are natural ecological events which create new habitats and by this foster their occurrence and abundance.

scholarly journals Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Höwler ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Timber Quality ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

scholarly journals The use of disturbed and undisturbed forest by masked titi monkeys Callicebus personatus melanochir is proportional to food availability

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Heiduck
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Titi Monkey ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
One Year

The masked titi Callicebus personatus melanochir is a threatened primate, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest of eastern Brazil. The Atlantic rainforest has been reduced to only 5% of its former extent, and only 2% consists of undisturbed forest. The survival of the masked titi monkey is therefore dependent on its ability to utilise disturbed forest habitat. A group of four masked titi monkeys was observed for one year in a plot that contained both disturbed and undisturbed forest. The group used a home range of 22 ha, which comprised 58% undisturbed forest, 31% selectively logged forest and 11% forest that was regrowing after a clear-cut. The titi monkeys did not use the different forest types in proportion to the availability of each within their home range: undisturbed forest was used more than expected from its proportional availability, and disturbed forest was used less than expected. Use of forest types appeared to be determined by the availability of food resources. Undisturbed forest had the most food per unit area and regrowing forest had the least. This study shows that masked titi monkeys may be able to survive in disturbed forest habitats if these areas are of high enough quality to contain sufficient food and other resources.

Competition theory — science and application in mixed forest stands: review of experimental and modelling methods and suggestions for future research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Shailendra N. Adhikary ◽  
Arthur Groot ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree

Competition in forest stands has long been of interest to researchers. However, much of the knowledge originates from empirical studies that examined the effects of competition. For instance, many studies were focused on the effects of the presence of herbaceous species on the development of tree seedlings or the decrease in individual tree growth with increases in stand density. Several models that incorporate competitive effects have been developed to predict tree and stand growth, but with simplified representations of competitive interactions. While these studies provided guidance useful for forest management, they contributed only partially to furthering our understanding of competitive mechanisms. Also, most competition studies were conducted in single-species stands. As competitive interactions occurring in mixed stands are characterized by a higher degree of complexity than those in single-species stands, a better understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to developing optimal management scenarios. The dynamics of forest stands with at least two species may be affected not only by competition, but also by facilitation or complementarity mechanisms. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms may provide insight into the relative importance of intra- versus inter-specific competition and whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric. Special attention to the implementation of field experimental designs is warranted for mixed stands. While traditional spacing trials are appropriate for single-species stands, the examination of competitive interactions in mixed stands requires more complex experimental designs to examine the relative importance of species combinations. Forest productivity models allow resource managers to test different management scenarios, but again most of these models were developed for single-species stands. As competitive interactions are more complex in mixed stands, models developed to predict their dynamics will need to include more mechanistic representations of competition.

scholarly journals Production potential and ecological stability of mixed forest stands in uplands – V. A mixed spruce/beech stand on a nutrient-rich site of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor ◽  
V. Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
The Given ◽  
Young Growth

The study is already the 5<sup>th </sup>account on the production potential and stability of mixed forest stands in uplands. A spruce/beech stand established in the mid-30s of the 20<sup>th</sup>century is assessed. The stand is situated at an altitude of 470 m and since 1960, it is left to its spontaneous development. At that time, the stand was characterized as a silviculturally neglected dense spruce young growth to a small pole-stage stand with an admixture of beech (spruce 71%, beech 13%). In the course of 41 years, spruce proportion in the stand without intentional thinning measures decreased from 71 to 56% and, vice versa, beech proportion increased from 13 to 31%. Present dominant and co-dominant position of spruce in the stand, its health condition and development in recent years indicate that the ecosystem under evaluation is stabilized fulfilling all functions on the given site at an age of 65 years. The stand is permanently fully stocked and its initial standing volume of 109 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 24 years in 1960 increased to 560 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 65 years in 2001.

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