scholarly journals Forestry and taxation characteristics of Spruce (Piceetum oxalidosum) stands in Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
К.Е. Vedernikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
Acidic Type

The results of a forestry and taxation study of spruce stands of the acidic type of two forest districts of the Udmurt Republic are presented. The death of the most productive spruce individuals (productivity class I–II according to B.D. Zhilkin) and pure spruce plantations (acidic forest types, I–II class of bonitet) was noted due to the mass spread of bark beetle typographus (Ips typographus). The most extensive processes of shrinking of plantings were noted in the forest area of coniferous-deciduous forests of Udmurtia. A decrease in completeness in some areas of spruce stands to 0,1...0,3 was revealed, as well as the accumulation of large volumes of dead wood. A change in environmental conditions was revealed due to a decrease in completeness in spruce stands, which led to the development of field grasses and the growth of soft-leaved species. Despite the fact that the peak of the bark beetle development occurred in 2013, a gradual expansion of its range was revealed both in the forest area of coniferous-deciduous forests and in the south taiga forest area of the Udmurt Republic.

scholarly journals Rare macrofungi from Central Börzsöny I. Hungarian occurrence data and habitat preference

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Benedek ◽  
F. Pál-Fám
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Habitat Characterisation

Mycological investigations have been made since 2001 in all characteristic forest types in Central Börzsöny Mts., North Hungary. Among the near 500 macrolungi species documented 8 protected and 32 rare taxa occurred. Present paper concerns 13 of these taxa: 3 critically endangered, 7 endangered and 3 vulnerable in Hungary. Near the summarisation of the European habitat preference a Hungarian habitat characterisation were made for each species based on all Hungarian documented occurrence data. Majority of the species have similar habitat preference in Hungary to the European one, but some exceptions were noted. Boletus pinophilus is a typical species of deciduous forests with acidic soil, not documented from coniferous stands. Pluteo.v umbrosus prefers undisturbed forest stands with high quantity of dead wood in Hungary and did not occur in parks. Trichoma psammopus fructified in lower altitude in deciduous and mixed forest stands (always connected with Larix). Sonic species were rarer in Hungary, than in other European countries, caused by lack of their original habitats: Boletus pinophilus, 11rclJrclloin concrescens, Tremella encephala, Tricholoma aurantium, Iwo species — Boleros torosus anti Amanita lirielopallescens — were touch common in Hungary than in Europe. Two taxa —Amanita vaginata var. alba, Tremella encephala — are new From Hungary.

scholarly journals Automated Burned Area Delineation Using IRS AWiFS satellite data

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 1429-1432
Author(s):  
J. Singhal ◽  
T. R. Kiranchand ◽  
G. Rajashekar ◽  
C. S. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Forest Survey

India is endowed with a rich forest cover. Over 21% of country’s area is covered by forest of varied composition and structure. Out of 67.5 million ha of Indian forests, about 55% of the forest cover is being subjected to fires each year, causing an economic loss of over 440 crores of rupees apart from other ecological effects. Studies carried out by Forest Survey of India reveals that on an average 53% forest cover of the country is prone to fires and 6.17% of the forests are prone to severe fire damage. Forest Survey of India in a countrywide study in 1995 estimated that about 1.45 million hectares of forest are affected by fire annually. According to Forest Protection Division of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (GOI), 3.73 million ha of forests are affected by fire annually in India. Karnataka is one of the southern states of India extending in between latitude 110 30' and 180 25' and longitudes 740 10' and 780 35'. As per Forest Survey of India's State of Forest Report (SFR) 2009, of the total geographic area of 191791sq.km, the state harbors 38284 sq.km of recorded forest area. Major forest types occurring in the study area are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen, tropical moist and dry deciduous forests along with tropical scrub and dry grasslands. Typical forest fire season in the study area is from February&ndash;May with a peak during March-April every year, though sporadic fire episodes occur in other parts of the year sq.km, the state harbors 38284 sq.km of recorded forest area. Major forest types occurring in the study area are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen, tropical moist and dry deciduous forests along with tropical scrub and dry grasslands. Significant area of the deciduous forests, scrub and grasslands is prone to recurrent forest fires every year. <br><br> In this study we evaluate the feasibility of burned area mapping over a large area (Karnataka state, India) using a semi-automated detection algorithm applied to medium resolution multi spectral data from the IRS AWiFS sensor. The method is intended to be used by non-specialist users for diagnostic rapid burnt area mapping.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals Spruce Beetle Population Suppression in Northern Utah

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bentz ◽  
A. S. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Population Suppression

Abstract The spruce beetle is a widely dispersed, native bark beetle that attacks and kills North American spruces. We describe a project that was initiated to suppress an endemic spruce beetle population in an isolated 1000 ac area of spruce in northeastern Utah. Techniques used included baited pheromone traps, selective harvesting and burning of infested trees, and trap trees. Over the 3 yr period of monitoring, the number of standing, currently infested spruce trees was reduced 91%. Field surveys and data trends, in comparison with a nearby spruce beetle population that continued to increase, indicate that the treatments played a major role in decreasing the trend of spruce beetle-infested trees during the study period. This combination of suppression techniques was successful due to the isolated nature of the spruce stands, early detection of the beetle population, accessibility of the stands, and coordinated efforts of local, state, and federal agencies. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):122-128.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for Tree Species Classification Using Sentinel-2 Spectral Information, Crown Texture, and Environmental Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Joongbin Lim ◽  
Kyoung-Min Kim ◽  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
Ri Jin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Forest Types

The most recent forest-type map of the Korean Peninsula was produced in 1910. That of South Korea alone was produced since 1972; however, the forest type information of North Korea, which is an inaccessible region, is not known due to the separation after the Korean War. In this study, we developed a model to classify the five dominant tree species in North Korea (Korean red pine, Korean pine, Japanese larch, needle fir, and Oak) using satellite data and machine-learning techniques. The model was applied to the Gwangneung Forest area in South Korea; the Mt. Baekdu area of China, which borders North Korea; and to Goseong-gun, at the border of South Korea and North Korea, to evaluate the model’s applicability to North Korea. Eighty-three percent accuracy was achieved in the classification of the Gwangneung Forest area. In classifying forest types in the Mt. Baekdu area and Goseong-gun, even higher accuracies of 91% and 90% were achieved, respectively. These results confirm the model’s regional applicability. To expand the model for application to North Korea, a new model was developed by integrating training data from the three study areas. The integrated model’s classification of forest types in Goseong-gun (South Korea) was relatively accurate (80%); thus, the model was utilized to produce a map of the predicted dominant tree species in Goseong-gun (North Korea).

Influence of habitat and microhabitat on carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in four stand types

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Pearce ◽  
L.A. Venier ◽  
J. McKee ◽  
J. Pedlar ◽  
D. McKenney
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Disturbed Habitat ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstractStudies based on presence/absence of a species may provide insight into habitat associations, allowing the distribution of species to be predicted across the landscape. Our objective was to characterize the carabid fauna in three mature boreal forest types (conifer, mixedwood, and deciduous) and a disturbed habitat (clearcut) to provide baseline data on the carabid species inhabiting the major forest types of boreal northwestern Ontario. Only spring-active carabids were considered for logistical reasons. We further identified the coarse woody debris structure and microhabitat characteristics within these stand types to try to refine our ability to predict the within-stand occurrence of carabids. We found the carabid composition of deciduous stands (mixedwood and aspen) similar and typical of the carabid fauna found in mixedwood forest in other nearby studies. The important feature of these forest types may be the presence of a deciduous leaf litter layer. In contrast, spruce stands contained fewer species and individuals and a distinct carabid fauna. As predicted, the clearcut habitats were dominated by open habitat species, although the fauna was dissimilar to what was recorded in clearcut habitats in other studies within northwestern Ontario. Coarse woody debris appeared to be an important habitat attribute for several carabid species in clearcut habitats.

scholarly journals Acute Drought Is an Important Driver of Bark Beetle Infestation in Austrian Norway Spruce Stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Netherer ◽  
Bernd Panassiti ◽  
Josef Pennerstorfer ◽  
Bradley Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals A Retrospective Assessment of Partial Cutting to Reduce Spruce Beetle-Caused Mortality in the Southern Rocky Mountains

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
José F. Negron ◽  
A. Steven Munson ◽  
John A. Anhold
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Stand Density Index

Abstract Tree susceptibility to bark beetle-caused mortality has been linked to stand characteristics such as basal area (BA) and average tree size, factors that can be manipulated through partial cutting. There is no experimental evidence, however, demonstrating the efficacy of partial cutting in spruce type. Such experiments are very difficult to complete because of the inability to manipulate bark beetle populations needed to challenge treated stands. To circumvent this difficulty, we identified spruce stands that were partially cut (for nonexperimental reasons) in advance ofbeetle activity and compared beetle-caused mortality to that in nearby spruce stands that were not treated. Treated stands had fewer infested stems and less infested BA than untreated stands, as well as smaller proportions of infested stems and BA. Untreated stands, however, had more residualspruce stems and BA than treated stands. Most of this difference was among stems 3–11 in. dbh with little difference in survivorship among larger stems. Spruce regeneration was not significantly different among treated and untreated stands. Spruce stand density index, spruce BA, and the number of spruce stems >11 in. dbh were the stand variables most strongly correlated with host mortality measurements. Insect population pressure appears to influence the degree of protection to residual spruce following partial cutting.

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