Fruit bearing shoot characteristics of apricot and sweet cherry cultivars in Hungary

: Our study was carried out on 23 apricot and 9 sweet cherry cultivars in February 2005. Fruiting laterals were classified into four groups (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and >40 cm) and then the density and setting of flower buds were evaluated and expressed as bud/cm. The flower bud density of four types of fruit bearing shoots and the changes in the frost resistance were studied. Shoots were collected from a young orchard in Gone (apricot), Siófok (sweet cherry) and Nagykutas (sweet cherry). There were significant differences among the cultivars in the density of flower buds. The number of flower buds/cm shoot length ranged between 0.91 and 2.20 in the average of the different fruit bearing shoot types on apricot. Based on the results, the bud density of shorter shoots is generally higher on apricot, but this is not valid for all cultivars. For cvs. Magyarkajszi and Ceglédi bíborkajszi, the highest flower bud density was detected on shoots of medium length (10-40 cm). There were fivefold and almost twofold (1.85) differences in bud density among cultivars on shoots shorter than 10 cm length and longer than 40 cm length, respectively. The ratio of the bud densities of the different types of shoots also ranged between wide boundaries. For cvs. Bayoto, Toyesi and Toyiba this ratio was 2.5-3.5, while for cv. Magyarkajszi it was 1.3. In the average of fruit bearing shoots on sweet cherry, cv. Bigarreau Burlat (1.10 bud/cm) and cv. Germersdorfi 45 (0.61 bud/cm) had the largest and the lowest flower bud density, respectively. Among the fruit bearing shoots, the largest flower bud density was in the group of 0-10 cm fruiting laterals. Among cultivars, cv. Bigarreau Burlat had the largest bud density. In the groups of n- i 0 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm fruiting laterals, the lowest flower bud density was for cv. Linda, cv. Germersdorfi 45, cv. Ferrovia and cv. Sunburst, respectively. On cvs. Van and Bigarreau Burlat, large numbers of double-set flower buds were observed on the fruit bearing shoots longer than 20 cm. Fruit setting differed on the different types of fruit bearing shoots, with the lowest value measured on above 40 cm shoots. The highest fruit setting was observed on cv. Katalin, while the lowest value was measured on cv. Germersdorfi 3.

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Examination of the Suitability of Different Pollinators for Four Sweet Cherry Cultivars Commonly Grown in Poland

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2014-0010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Głowacka ◽

Elżbieta Rozpára

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Good Yield ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Satisfactory Yield ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractThe aim of the work was to select pollinators for sweet cherry cultivars: ‘Vanda’, ‘Techlovan’, ‘Syl–via’ and ‘Regina’, which are of great economic significance in Poland. As pollinators, three or four different cultivars with the same or similar flowering time as the pollinated cultivars were evaluated annually. The pollinators belonged to different incompatibility groups. Pollination was carried out over four consecutive seasons. Assuming that for a good yield more than 20% of the flowers should develop fruits, a good polli–nator for the cv. ‘Vanda’ was ‘Techlovan’, and for the cv. ‘Regina’ - ‘Sylvia’. The cv. ‘Techlovan’ was pollinated to best effect by ‘Vega’, and the cv. ‘Sylvia’ by ‘Regina’, but the setting of fruits in the last two combinations was moderately good. Low to moderately good fruit setting but depending on the year was observed in the combinations ‘Sylvia’ x ‘Summit’, ‘Regina’ x ‘Summit’, and ‘Regina’ x ‘Rainier’. Cultivar ‘Summit’ for ‘Sylvia’, and ‘Summit’ and ‘Rainier’ for the cv. ‘Regina’ should not be used as pollinators because the low percentage of fruit set obtained annually does not guarantee a satisfactory yield.

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Increasing Production of New Roots by Potted Roses with Root Applied IBA

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-5.3.125 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 125-127

Author(s):

C.J. Starbuck

Keyword(s):

Potassium Salt ◽

Las Vegas ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Production ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Open Flower ◽

Bare Root ◽

Flower Bud Development

Dormant bare root rose (Rosa × hybrida ‘Las Vegas’) plants with roots dipped in a 500 ppm solution of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced 50% more new roots than untreated plants. However, plants treated with 100 and 500 ppm IBA had fewer open flower buds 8 wks after potting and shorter average shoot length after 18 wks than did controls. Treatment with the potassium salt of IBA (KIBA) at 100 and 500 ppm also stimulated new root production and retarded flower bud development but did not reduce shoot length. Addition of starch-polyacrylate gel to treatment solutions counteracted the root promoting effect of IBA but not of KIBA. Gel itself also caused a reduction in average shoot length.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SWEET CHERRY FLOWER BUD DEVELOPMENT AND FRUIT QUALITY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.668b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 668b-668

Author(s):

Preston K. Andrews ◽

Shulin Li ◽

Margaret L. Collier

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Development ◽

The Relationship ◽

Flower Bud Development

The development of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L., `Bing') flower buds from winter through anthesis was examined. Shoots were collected from the top and bottom of the canopy. The weight and size of flower buds and primordia produced on last-season's and 1-year-old wood were measured. As early as mid-December bud and primordia size and weight were greater on last-season's wood than on 1-year-old wood, with the largest and heaviest buds and primordia produced on last-season's wood in the bottom of the canopy. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of primordia per bud and primordium weight. The relationship between flower bud and primordia size during mid-December and ovary size at anthesis suggests a causal relationship, which may be a major source of variation influencing harvested fruit size and quality.

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Dead Prunus Flower-bud Primordia Retain Deep-supercooling Properties

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.8.831 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 831-832

Author(s):

Sorkel A. Kadir ◽

Ed L. Proebsting

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Flower Primordia ◽

Deep Supercooling

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to measure deep supercooling in flower buds of Prunus dulcis Mill., P. armeniaca L., P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch, P. persica (L.) Batsch, three sweet cherry (P. avium L.) selections, and `Bing' cherries (P. avium L.) during Winter 1990-91 and 1991-92. Low temperatures in Dec. 1990 killed many flower buds. After the freeze, dead flower primordia continued to produce low-temperature exotherms (LTEs) at temperatures near those of living primordia for >2 weeks. In Feb. 1992, cherry buds that had been killed by cooling to -33C again produced LTEs when refrozen the next day. As buds swelled, the median LTE (LTE50) of dead buds increased relative to that of living buds, and the number of dead buds that produced LTEs decreased. LTE artifacts from dead flower priimordia must be recognized when DTA is used to estimate LTE50 of field-collected samples.

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EARLY PERFORMANCE OF FOUR SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON GISELA 5 AND COLT ROOTSTOCKS IN A HIGH DENSITY GROWING SYSTEM

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.1.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 99-108

Author(s):

Biserka Milić ◽

Jelena Kalajdžić ◽

Zoran Keserović ◽

Nenad Magazin ◽

Vladislav Ognjanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Production Systems ◽

High Density ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Early Performance ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Gisela 5

Growing the sweet cherry on different vigor rootstocks, such as Colt and Gisela 5, in a high-density orchard, causes differences in growth and productivity and later imposes the need to change the growing system including pruning, flower and fruit thinning, irrigation and fertilization. In the present research, four sweet cherry cultivars (Summit, Kordia, Lapins and Regina) grafted on Colt and Gisela 5 rootstocks were assessed for morphological traits and productivity. The parameters investigated were: vegetative growth, bearing potential, fruit set, precocity, productivity, fruit growth habit and quality attributes. Compared to Colt, the trees on Gisela 5 had smaller TCSA and the length of two-year-old branches, in the fifth season after planting. Trees on Gisela 5 had a higher number of flower buds per may bouquet compared to Colt, which confirms that bearing potential is highly affected by the rootstock. Growing the sweet cherries on Gisela 5 induced a higher fruit setting in all cultivars except in Kordia. Fruit physical attributes were affected by the cultivar, growing system and experimental year. For all tested cultivars, the yield per tree was significantly lower on Colt compared to Gisela 5. Gisela 5 performed better than Colt, which suggests that Gisela 5 should be used as a rootstock in high density sweet cherry production systems.

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Fine tuning of hormonal signaling is linked to dormancy status in sweet cherry flower buds

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpaa122 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Noémie Vimont ◽

Adrian Schwarzenberg ◽

Mirela Domijan ◽

Armel S L Donkpegan ◽

Rémi Beauvieux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Temperate Trees ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Genomic Studies ◽

Small Set ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Aba Content

Abstract In temperate trees, optimal timing and quality of flowering directly depend on adequate winter dormancy progression, regulated by a combination of chilling and warm temperatures. Physiological, genetic and functional genomic studies have shown that hormones play a key role in bud dormancy establishment, maintenance and release. We combined physiological and transcriptional analyses, quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), and modeling to further investigate how these signaling pathways are associated with dormancy progression in the flower buds of two sweet cherry cultivars. Our results demonstrated that GA-associated pathways have distinct functions and may be differentially related with dormancy. In addition, ABA levels rise at the onset of dormancy, associated with enhanced expression of ABA biosynthesis PavNCED genes, and decreased prior to dormancy release. Following the observations that ABA levels are correlated with dormancy depth, we identified PavUG71B6, a sweet cherry UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE gene that up-regulates active catabolism of ABA to ABA glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) and may be associated with low ABA content in the early cultivar. Subsequently, we modeled ABA content and dormancy behavior in three cultivars based on the expression of a small set of genes regulating ABA levels. These results strongly suggest the central role of ABA pathway in the control of dormancy progression and open up new perspectives for the development of molecular-based phenological modeling.

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Variable fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p00-161 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 753-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cheol Choi, and Robert L. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Spring Frost ◽

Self Pollination ◽

Frost Injury ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

S Allele ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Fruit set on seven self-fertile (SF) sweet cherry genotypes from the Cornell Sweet Cherry Breeding Program was investigated. The S-alleles of all tested genotypes, based on controlled pollination and PCR-based S-allele typing analysis were determined to be: S1S4’ for Lapins, and S3S4’ for Stella, Starkrimson, NY 13688, NY 13696, NY 13788 and NY 13791. Higher fruit set of open-pollinated self-fertile genotypes indicated that the additional pollen donor was probably advantageous for fruit set in self-fertiles in the preliminary field study. However, no statistically significant differences were found between fully and self- (half compatible) pollination in caged trees in subsequent years’ studies. This inconsistency may have been due to shading by cages (for self-pollination only) or to differences in bee activity in caged trees as compared with open-pollinations made during preliminary studies. Additionally, the variation in fruit setting potential was dependent on genotype. Spring frost injury reduced fruit setting potential in self-fertile sweet cherries but pollen quality was not associated with variable fruit set. The results suggest that self-pollination would produce optimal fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars regardless of partial pollen incompatibility. However, a more detailed study including fruit setting factors other than spring frost injury, and varying setting capacity depending on genotypes, would be required for a more complete determination of the commercial utility of growing self-fertile sweet cherries in solid blocks. Key words: Prunus avium L, sweet cherry, pollination, fruit set

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Shoot Growth and Flower Bud Production of Peony Plants under Subtropical Conditions

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7110476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Krista C. Bogiatzis ◽

Helen M. Wallace ◽

Stephen J. Trueman

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Early Winter ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Winter Conditions ◽

Winter Temperatures ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Shoot Emergence

Peony plants require temperate winter temperatures to break underground bud dormancy and allow shoot emergence and flowering in spring. This study assessed whether artificial chilling at 4 °C for 2–6 weeks could induce shoot emergence and flowering under subtropical conditions. It also assessed whether pre-treatment at cool temperatures prior to chilling, or gibberellin application after chilling, promoted shoot emergence and flowering. Artificial chilling at 4 °C for 4 or 6 weeks promoted the greatest shoot emergence. Pre-treatment at cool temperatures did not affect shoot growth or flower bud production but it improved shoot emergence from plants also treated with gibberellin. Gibberellin more than doubled the number of shoots per plant without affecting shoot length. The optimal treatment combination for shoot emergence, growth and flower bud production was pre-treatment from 20 °C to 8 °C over an 8-day period in autumn, chilling at 4 °C for 6 weeks in early winter, and treatment with 250 mL of 100 mg/L GA3, before returning plants to subtropical winter conditions. This treatment combination provided medians of 3 (0–7) and 8 (0–31) flower buds per plant in the second and third years of production, respectively. Peony flowers can be produced in subtropical climates using artificial chilling and gibberellin, allowing out-of-season market supply.

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The influence of rootstocks on the sensitivity of flower buds to frost and the main properties of the ‘Carmen’ sweet cherry cultivar

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas2104351d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 351-358

Author(s):

Boban Djordjevic ◽

Dejan Djurovic ◽

Gordan Zec ◽

Djordje Boskov

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Yield Rate ◽

Fruiting Branch ◽

Gisela 5 ◽

Gisela 6 ◽

Higher Sensitivity ◽

Cherry Trees

The study examined the influence of five vegetative rootstocks on the flower bud sensitivity to frost during the period of ecological dormancy and the most important biological and pomological properties of the ?Carmen? sweet cherry cultivar. The ?Carmen? cultivar was grafted on the following rootstocks: ?Colt?, ?Gisela 5?, ?Gisela 6?, ?MaxMa 14? and ?Oblacinska cherry?. Winter frosts occurred during the ecological dormancy of sweet cherry trees. The intensity of frost was between -5?C and -7?C. The percentage of damaged and non-damaged flower buds per fruiting branch was determined by counting (50 flower buds per tree were taken from every part of the canopy and fruiting branches). The highest rate of damage of flower buds was in trees grafted on ?Oblacinska cherry?, an average of 77.2% of flower buds, while the lowest was observed in trees grafted on ?MaxMa 14?, an average of 24.3% of total flower buds. The significantly higher sensitivity of flower buds was found in spur fruiting branches compared to lateral fruiting branches. The fruits of the ?Carmen? cultivar had the earliest ripening on rootstocks ?Gisela 5? and ?Oblacinska cherry?. The ?Carmen? cultivar had the highest yield per tree on the ?MaxMa 14? rootstock, while the lowest yield rate was observed in ?Oblacinska cherry?, 5.4 kg and 1.9 kg, respectively. The highest mass of fruits was noticed in trees grafted on ?Gisela 6?, an average of 11.6 g, while the smallest was recorded in trees grafted on ?Gisela 5?- an average of 9.4 g.

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Fine tuning of hormonal signaling is linked to dormancy status in sweet cherry flower buds

10.1101/423871 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Noémie Vimont ◽

Adrian Schwarzenberg ◽

Mirela Domijan ◽

Armel S. L. Donkpegan ◽

Rémi Beauvieux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Temperate Trees ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Genomic Studies ◽

Phenological Modelling ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Aba Content

ABSTRACTIn temperate trees, optimal timing and quality of flowering directly depend on adequate winter dormancy progression, regulated by a combination of chilling and warm temperatures. Physiological, genetic and functional genomic studies have shown that hormones play a key role in bud dormancy establishment, maintenance and release. We combined physiological, transcriptional analyses, quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), and modelling to further investigate how these signaling pathways are associated with dormancy progression in the flower buds of two sweet cherry cultivars.Our results demonstrated that GA-associated pathways have distinct functions and may be differentially related with dormancy. In addition, ABA levels rise at the onset of dormancy, associated with enhanced expression of ABA biosynthesis PavNCED genes, and decreased prior to dormancy release. Following the observations that ABA levels are correlated with dormancy depth, we identified PavUG71B6, a sweet cherry UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE gene that up-regulates active catabolism of ABA to ABA-GE and may be associated with low ABA content in the early cultivar. Subsequently, we modelled ABA content and dormancy behavior in three cultivars based on the expression of a small set of genes regulating ABA levels. These results strongly suggest the central role of ABA pathway in the control of dormancy progression and open up new perspectives for the development of molecular-based phenological modelling.

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