scholarly journals Comparative study of effects of a complex fertilizer and a biostimulator on macroelement content of leaf and fruit quality on sweet cherry (Prunus avium)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
S. Thurzó ◽  
G. Drén ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
P Content ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
P Supply

In this study. we are partly focusing on consumer acceptance of fruit, like fruit cracking, weight and flavours, and maturation, fruit density and content of nutrients which are undelie consumer acceptance, and important equally to the growers and marketers. the results on the dynamics of N-uptake corresponded ti thephenological phases of cherry and independent on the applied treatments. Younger leaves contain more N than elder due to the effective N uptake of young leaves. Based on the measurements conducted in June, the P content of leaves was in low P supply category at the control and the Benefit treatment, while was in the lower range of optimal category at Damisol treatment. According to our measurements, the K of cherry leaves decreases continuosly until September, expcept the control at which it increased from the end of June to September. the fruit weight was increased significantly by applying Benefit PZ. the best results for fruit cracing observed at Benefit treatment too. The best result for fruit density was observed at Damisol treatment.

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

scholarly journals Fruit Cracking of a Susceptible, an Intermediate, and a Resistant Sweet Cherry Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Lane ◽  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
D.-L. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fruit were studied to determine if anatomical and physiological features explain the difference in susceptibility to rain-induced cracking of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars Sue (resistant), Lapins (moderately resistant), and Van (susceptible). Water uptake as a percentage of fruit weight at cracking tended to be high in `Sue', medium in `Lapins', and low in `Van' and was related to the percentage of cherries remaining sound after 4 hours of immersion, suggesting that this trait is a factor in determining resistance. Mesocarp cells of `Sue' were more rectangular in section than those of the other cultivars. Skin elasticity and thickness of the cuticle did not explain resistance of `Sue' to cracking. Magnesium, copper, and phosphorus mineral contents were not related to cracking susceptibility, but the content of calcium, which influences cell wall integrity, in the epidermis of `Sue' was lower than in `Van'. Calcium content was not different in the hypodermal cells of the two cultivars. None of the anatomical features examined in this study explain the resistance to fruit cracking of `Sue'.

scholarly journals Influence of the Plastic Cover on the Protection of Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Cracking, on the Microclimate under Cover and Fruit Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Augustyn Mika ◽  
Zbigniew Buler ◽  
Katarzyna Wójcik ◽  
Dorota Konopacka
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Tree Canopies

AbstractTo study possibility of protection of sweet cherry fruit against cracking several rows of ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees grafted on ‘Colt’ rootstock, spaced 5 × 2.5 m and trained to a central leader were covered with a plastic foil to a height of 5 m. Several rows were left uncovered as a control. In the years 2016 and 2018, sun irradiation, air temperature and fruit quality were evaluated. The plastic cover reduced solar irradiation under the tunnel roof by around 40%. Light distribution within tree canopies was depleted by roughly 50%, but in the lower parts of the tree canopies, it was reduced to 6%, which is below the critical level (20%) estimated for apple trees. These results indicate the necessity to remove the covers as soon as possible after harvesting. Mean daily temperature near the ground was lower under the covers than outside, but at the height of 4.0 m, daily mean temperature was 0.4 °C higher and mean temperature during midday hours was 1.5 °C higher. The plastic covering reduced the fruit cracking from about 20% to 2% in both seasons but did not affect the fruit yield. The plastic covering did not affect the firmness and antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content, but in the year 2018, it reduced the mean fruit weight, soluble solid, titratable acidity, dry matter and total polyphenols content.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Characterization of sour (Prunus cerasus L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties with five isozyme systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remedios Morales Corts ◽  
Luciano Cordeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Jesús Maria Ortíz Marcide ◽  
Rodrigo Pérez Sánches
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Extracts from young leaves of nine sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and eight sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) varieties, located in the germplasm collection of the 'Direção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior' (Fundão, Portugal), were analysed for five isozyme systems in order to characterise these varieties and detect problems of synonymies and homonymies that frequently present. The sweet and sour cherry varieties analyzed showed low isoenzymatic polymorphism, being PGM and PGI the systems with the highest discrimination power. These systems presented seven and five different zymogrames, respectively. IDH showed four patterns. SKDH and 6-PGD grouped the varieties only into two patterns. The evident and discriminant restrictions of this type of analysis had got results that have only been a complement for agronomical and morphological characterization.

scholarly journals Regulating Budbreak, Flowering, and Fruit Maturity in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. `Bing' by Surfactant and Nitrate Applications

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 603e-603
Author(s):  
K.G. Weis ◽  
S.M. Southwick ◽  
J.T. Yeager ◽  
W.W. Coates ◽  
Michael E. Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Flower And Fruit Development

The years 1995 and 1996 were low chill years in California with respect to stone fruit dormancy. Advancing reproductive budbreak and flowering was accomplished in `Bing' cherry (Prunus avium) by single-spray treatments of a surfactant {a polymeric alkoxylated fatty amine [N,N-bis 2-(omega-hydroxypolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene) ethyl alkylamine]} and potassium nitrate in combination when applied at “tightbud,” ≈ 42 days (1 Feb. 1995) before full bloom and with surfactant and potassium nitrate in combination when 10% green calyx was apparent, 33 days before full bloom. Applying 2% surfactant (v/v) + 6% potassium nitrate (w/v) was most effective in advancing bloom, speeding progression through bloom, and advancing fruit maturity when applied at tightbud stage. Surfactant (2% or 4%) applied with 25% or 35% calcium nitrate (w/v) on 2 Feb. 1996 significantly advanced full bloom compared to nontreated controls. Fruit maturity (1995) was somewhat advanced by surfactant–nitrate treatments, but fruit set and final fruit weight were equivalent among treatments. No phytotoxicity was noted in foliage or fruit. In California, marginal and insufficient winter chilling often causes irregular, extended, or delayed bloom periods, resulting in poor bloom-overlap with pollenizers. As a result, flower and fruit development may be so variable as to have small, green and ripe fruit on the same tree, making harvest more time consuming and costly. Data indicate that this surfactant, in combination with a nitrogenous compound, has potential to advance reproductive budbreak and advance maturity in sweet cherry without reducing fruit set or fruit size. Advancing the ripening time of sweet cherry even 2 to 3 days can increase the price received per 8.2-kg box by $10 to $20.

scholarly journals Fruit Characteristics of Autochthonous Sweet Cherry Cultivars (Prunus avium L.) from the Banjaluka Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Radoš ◽  
Tanja Krmpot ◽  
Fejzo Begović
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Banjaluka region is characterized by a very rich diversity of old and autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, which represent a very important genetic potential for future breeding programs. Autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars are spontaneously propagated and used in very few areas for production and consumption in the fresh condition. A very small percentage of autochthonous cultivars are used in local markets or in some forms of processing. The main reason for this is the small number of individual trees whose fruits are used for own household and their poor management. In order to popularize the production and sale of autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, during this research was perform the basic pomological measurements of the five most common autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars in the Banjaluka region (Ašlamka, Banjalučka crnica, Bjelica-Biljur, Cipov and Crveni hrušt). Pomological (the weight and dimensions of the fruit, weight and dimensions of the pit, dimension of the stalk and the firmness of the fruit flesh) and chemical (total soluble solids content of the fruit) fruit characteristics were determined. Results showed differences in investigated parameters between the cultivars.

scholarly journals Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) PaPIP1;4 Is a Functional Aquaporin Upregulated by Pre-Harvest Calcium Treatments that Prevent Cracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breia ◽  
Andreia F. Mósca ◽  
Artur Conde ◽  
Sofia Correia ◽  
Carlos Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Prunus Avium L

The involvement of aquaporins in rain-induced sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit cracking is an important research topic with potential agricultural applications. In the present study, we performed the functional characterization of PaPIP1;4, the most expressed aquaporin in sweet cherry fruit. Field experiments focused on the pre-harvest exogenous application to sweet cherry trees, cultivar Skeena, with a solution of 0.5% CaCl2, which is the most common treatment to prevent cracking. Results show that PaPIP1;4 was mostly expressed in the fruit peduncle, but its steady-state transcript levels were higher in fruits from CaCl2-treated plants than in controls. The transient expression of PaPIP1;4-GFP in tobacco epidermal cells and the overexpression of PaPIP1;4 in YSH1172 yeast mutation showed that PaPIP1;4 is a plasma membrane protein able to transport water and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we characterized for the first time a plasma membrane sweet cherry aquaporin able to transport water and H2O2 that is upregulated by the pre-harvest exogenous application of CaCl2 supplements.

scholarly journals High Tunnel Tree Fruit Production: The Final Frontier?

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Fruit Cracking

High tunnel production systems typically use horticultural crops that are annually or biennially herbaceous, high in value, short in stature, and quick to produce. At best, tree fruits may fit only one of these criteria–high value. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) may command high enough values in premium market niches to make high tunnel production strategies worth attempting. Furthermore, sweet cherry production can be a risky endeavor, even in optimal climates, due to the potentially devastating effects of preharvest rain that cause fruit cracking. Consequently, environmental modification by tunnels in regions like the Great Lakes provides a significant risk reduction. Additional potential benefits, such as protection from frosts, diseases, insects, wind scarring, etc., add further production value. Multi-bay high tunnels were constructed in 2005 at two Michigan State University experiment stations, over established and newly planted sweet cherry trees on dwarfing rootstocks, to study and optimize the effects of production environment modification on vegetative and reproductive growth, marketing season extension, and protection of cherries from diseases, insect pests, and/or physiological disorders. Results with tunnels thus far include premium fruit quality and high crop value; increased leaf size and terminal shoot growth; decreased radial trunk growth; decreased chemical pesticide inputs; decreased incidence of cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii) and bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae); increased incidence of powdery mildew (Podosphaera clandestina); inconclusive effects on brown rot (Monolinia fructicola); no or reduced infestation by plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) or cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata); dramatically reduced japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) damage; and increased black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) populations.

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