scholarly journals Efficacy of ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) as a chemical hybridizing agent in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. Pusa jwala)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
D. K. Agnihotri ◽  
S. V. S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field experiment was conducted during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 to study the effect of foliar sprays of ethrel or ethephon (2- chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on pollen sterility and yield parameters in Capsicum annuum var. Pusa jwala. Effect of treatments was also studied in F1 hybrids raised from treated male sterile plants crossed with the control plants. Plants sprayed with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (v/v) ethrel exhibited 93.1-100% pollen sterility. This was associated with significant reduction in yield parameters (number of flowers, fruits/plant, fruit size, number of seeds/fruit and total yield/plant). However, the plants sprayed only once with 0.1% ethrel at pre-meiotic stage showed 93.1% pollen sterility without any significant reduction in yield parameter. The F1 hybrids obtained by crossing the 100% male sterile treated plants with the pollen of untreated (control) plants exhibited only insignificant reduction in the number of flowers/ plant, fruits/plant, fruit size, number of seeds/fruit and total yield/plant. However, these parameters in F1 hybrids were significantly higher over the treated plants.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties to Plant Density

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Gilbert Nwogboduhu Nwokwu ◽  
Ifeoma Lilian Agbedo Odoh ◽  
Egwu Patricia Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki during the 2018 farming season to determine the effect of plant density on growth, yield and yield components of groundnut varieties. The experiment was conducted in a 3x4 factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments comprised three groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 24, 25 and 26) and four planting densities (40,000, 80,000, 120,000, and 160,000 plants ha-1). Each treatment was replicated four times. The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, shoot dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, number of pod per plant, pod weight per plant, hundred seed weight, number of seeds per plant, shelling percentage and total yield per hectare. The results showed that groundnut varieties were significant in all growth and yield parameters assessed except number of days to 50% flowering, Relative Growth Rate, number of pod per plant, and hundred seed weight while planting density recorded significant effect on all the growth and yield parameters. There were also significant interaction effects of varieties and plant density on plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area index, relative growth rate, pod weight per plant, number of seeds per plant, and total yield per hectare. This result indicated that SAMNUT 26 and plant density of 160,000 plants ha-1 recorded the highest yield of groundnut and can be recommended for the farmers in the study area.

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Desmodium

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genetic Stocks

A type of male sterility found in two Desmodium plants of probably interspecific hybrid origin was cytoplasmically inherited. The cytoplasmic male-sterile character was incorporated in the tropical legume Desmodium sandwicense by backcrossing. In this genetic background pollen sterility was complete. The male-sterile character was not graft-transmissible, and it produced no detectable pleiotropic effects on growth and development. Desmodium intortum gave restoration of pollen fertility in Fl hybrids with male-sterile lines of D. sandwicense. Restored F1 hybrids produced apparently normal pollen, but tests of functional ability of the pollen disclosed that pollen fertility was less than that of Fl hybrids with normal cytoplasm. Incomplete restoration of fertility was not due to heterozygosity of fertility-restoring genes with gametophytic expression, since fertility-restoring genes were shown to act sporophytically. The results established the occurrence in the legume Desmodium of a system of determination of the male-sterile, fertility-restored phenotypes that is similar to the cytoplasmic male sterility systems described in many other angiosperm plants. A scheme utilizing the genetic stocks produced in this study for commercial production of the interspecific hybrid D. sandwicense x D. intortum as a cultivar is presented.

VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF DETERMINATE TOMATOES AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATIONS OF ETHEPHON, DCIB, NAA AND SADH AT THE SIX-CLUSTER STAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. VELIATH ◽  
A. C. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fruit Load

In an attempt to control fruit set and thereby increase fruit size, 2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCIB), naphthaleueacetic acid (NAA) and N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH) were applied as sprays to plants of the determinate tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Summit’ when fruit was set on six clusters. In comparison, one set of plants was deblossomed manually after the six-cluster stage, and another untreated. Although none of the chemicals provided perfect control of fruit load, NAA (100 ppm), SADH (4,000 ppm) + NAA (100 ppm), DCIB (4,000 ppm) + ethephon (500 ppm) and DCIB (6,000 ppm) were approximately 81, 77, 75 and 73% effective, respectively, in reducing fruit load. However, decreases in fruit load were not accompanied by corresponding increases in fruit size. In all probability, this was due to the impairment of normal growth by the chemicals. Several of the treatments produced substantial increases in early and total yield, by maturing a greater number of fruits and thus may be of potential use to commercial growers.

scholarly journals Optimum Time of Pollination and Number of Fruit Pickings and Its Effect on Seed Yield in CGMS Based Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
S. N. Vasudevan ◽  
S. R. Doddagoudar ◽  
B. V. Tembhurne ◽  
Sangeeta I. Macha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Dry Fruit ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

This study proposed standardization of best time of pollination and stage of picking fruits in newly released chilli CGMS hybrid. As optimum pollination time can result in better fruit set and thus produce seeds with superior yield. Another purpose of conducting the experiment was selection of a fruit picking stage that positively influence the seed yield parameters as under matured or over matured fruits often cause losses. In present investigation during kharif season of  2016 and 2017stigma of A line (male sterile line) was pollinated at six different times with pollens from R line (male fertile/restorer line) starting from 9 am to 5 pm. Fruits labeled with different coloured threads were harvested 60 days after pollination in three different pickings. Pollination time 10 to 11 am yielded hybrid with higher fruit set (40 %), dry fruit weight (1.50g), seed weight per fruit (0.451 g), number of seeds per fruit (76) and test weight (6.26 g) as compared to late afternoon timings. Also second picking fruits were better in these seed yield parameters when compared to early and late pickings. The interaction effect was also significant for these two objectives.

scholarly journals Plant population and pruning of pepper cultivars

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
David W. Unander ◽  
Lucas N. Avilés-Rodríguez ◽  
Felícita Varela-Ramírez ◽  
Alvaro Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Crop Planting

Seven cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), representing both frying and bell types, and open-poflinated and hybrid varieties, were planted at population levels of 35,878, 53,818, and 71,757 plants/ha. The lowest density is the conventional rate in Puerto Rico. They were planted af the Fortuna Substation, Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico. Irrigation was supplied throughout the dry season. After the fourth harvest, two replicates were pruned to 12 cm for a second crop. Planting density affected yield but not fruit size. There was a density x cultivar interaction at P = 0.09 for yield. Doubling the population increased yield 12 to 40%. Response to pruning was cultivar-specific. Total yield was 25 to 100% greater than yield before pruning. Both practices could serve as low capital innovations for the tropics.

scholarly journals Morfologi Dan Mutu Fisik Benih Kenanga (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Ferawati Oktia Nurhayani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Size Number ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Cananga is one of the forestry plant that has high economic value and benefits. The provision of high-quality seed is necessary for establishy cananga plantation. The aim of this study was to observe the fruit morphology and analyze the physical quality of cananga seeds. This research method consisted of (1) morphological observation of seed (fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, and their correlation); (2) physical quality testing of seed (the weight of 1 000 seeds and seed moisture content). The observations showed that the fruit length were 7.40-27.5 mm, width 0.43-16.63 mm and weight 0.36-2.88 grams. The size of fruit have significant effect on the number of seeds in the fruit, there are 1-12 seeds in one cananga fruit. There are approximately 16 000 seeds in 1 kg of cananga seed. Seed moisture content of fruit that taken from tree (51.20-59.20%) is higher than seed water content of fruits that fall due to ripe physiologically (34.57-37.82%). Key words: cananga, morphological, physical quality, seed

scholarly journals Diallel analyses and estimation of genetic parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Alencar de Sousa ◽  
Wilson Roberto Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The degree of heterosis in the genus Capsicum spp. is considered high; however, most of the studies refer to the species Capsicum annuum L. In spite of the potential use of F1 hybrids in pungent peppers of the species Capsicum chinense, few studies are available which assess the magnitude of heterosis in this species . This study was carried out to assess heterosis and its components in F1 hybrids from a diallel cross between hot pepper lines (Capsicum chinense) and to obtain data on the allelic interaction between the parents involved in the crosses. Trials were made in Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, from March through October 1997. A randomized complete block design with fifteen treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were five C. chinense accessions (from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa - BGH/UFV) and 10 F1 hybrids derived from single crosses between them (reciprocals excluded). Diallel analyses were performed for total yield, fruit length/diameter ratio, fruit dry matter per plant, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria incidence, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit. Non-additive genetic effects were larger than additive effects for all the traits assessed. Epistasis was detected for fruit dry matter per plant, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit. In these cases, epistasis seemed to be largely responsible for heterosis expression. Dominant gene action, ranging from incomplete dominance to probable overdominance, was responsible for heterosis in those traits where no epistatic genetic action was detected.

Studies on Characters of Chironja Seedling Trees

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez-López ◽  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
S. Torres-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A search for good chironja clones was performed on several chironja seedlings grown on a Typic Tropohumults soil at the Corozal Agricultural Substation . This research demonstrated that chironja seedlings can be selected for yield per tree, fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, peel weight, citric acid, pH, soluble solids to acid ratio, and quality index. However, the high coefficient of variability for number of seeds, cumulative weight and number of fruits per tree during eight bearings and the quality index indicates that the probability of selecting for these characters is higher than that for fruit size, citric acid, pH, and soluble solids/acid ratio. The study also showed a great variability of the seedlings, following the frequency distribution typical of populations, indicating that in order to maintain uniform populations the chironja must be propagated through vegetative plant tissues, like grafting, instead of by seeds.

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