scholarly journals Studies on the insect pollination of fruit tree species and on closely related topics in Hungary: a bibliography of research publications

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
New Research

In the past decades fruit production has become more and more intensive and so the interest towards the bee pollination of fruit trees has increased in Hungary. Thus insect pollination research has become more intensive in the eighties and in the nineties. Recently, high density fruit orchards are planted of dwarf trees at more and more farms in Hungary and these need highly controlled growing practices involving insect pollination, too. This is a new challenge of insect pollination research in Hungary. So it seems to be worth to compile a list on research publications having been appeared so far to create a basis to the ongoing new research. Besides papers strictly on the insect pollination of fruit trees publications on some closely related topics, first of all on the nectar production and on other flower characteristics of fruit tree cultivars that directly influence bee activity have also been included on the list.  

scholarly journals The effect of spring frosts on the nectar production and the bee visitation of fruit trees

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Amtmann ◽  
F. Bakcsa ◽  
J. Iváncsics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Spring Frosts

Fruit tree species suffered very strong spring frosts in 1997 in Hungary. This caused partial or total damages at buds and flowers depending on site and time of blooming. It was demonstrated at a number of experiments that frost and cold weather also strongly affected the nectar production of surviving flowers. No or very little amount of nectar was measured in flowers first of all of early blooming fruit tree species (apricot) but also of pear and apple in some places. In spite of this fact intensive honeybee visitation was detected in the flowers of fruit trees that suffered partial frost damage only at those sites where honeybee colonies were placed in or at the experimental plantations and the lack of sufficient amount of nectar did not affected bee behaviour seriously on fruit flowers. This means that bad nectar production failed to affect bee visitation of fruit trees definitely. The reason for this was the fact that not only fruit trees but another early bee plants (wild plants, too) suffered frost damage. Accordingly, in lack of forage bees intensively searched for food at blooming fruit trees with some living flowers. Consequently, there was an acceptable yield at those plantations where bud and flower damage was not complete. Accordingly, intensive bee visitation (that is moving additional bee colonies to overpopulate fruit orchards with honeybees) can be an effective tool to decrease or eliminate the detrimental effect of spring frost on the yield of fruit trees where bud or fruit damage is not too high.  

scholarly journals Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in Central Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Supeno ◽  
Erwan Erwan ◽  
Agussalim Agussalim
Keyword(s):  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Coffea Robusta ◽  
Nectar Content

Abstract. Supeno B, Erwan, Agussalim. 2021. Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4687-4693. The bees role as an agent of pollinators to improve the productivity of plants. This study was purposed to enhance coffee production (Coffea robusta) by roles of stingless bee Tetragonula sp. as pollinator agent, forages potency, and honey production. This study has been conducted in a coffee plantation in Lantan, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Several parameters were measured such as the number of bunches and flowers, production of nectar and pollen, sucrose nectar content, production of coffee, production of honey, honey stomach volume, and pollen weight. The results showed that the different observation time influenced the number of bunches, flowers, production of nectar and pollen, sucrose nectar content (P<0.01). The number of bunches ranged from 58.2 to 144.9 bunches/tree, the number of flowers 36.3 to 58.7 flowers/bunches, and 2,362.5 to 8.250.6 flowers/tree. Furthermore, the nectar production 9.16 to 33.85 g/tree, pollen production 1.72 to 5.95 g/tree, sucrose nectar content 20.6 to 35.0%. Estimation of coffee production before pollinated by Tetragonula sp. was 1,230.8 kg/ha, but after pollination by Tetragonula was increased it became 3,605.7 kg/ha (49.1%). Fruit production before pollinated by Tetragonula sp. was 2,127.2 fruit/tree, but after pollination by Tetragonula sp. increased to 8,309.2 fruit/tree (59.2%). Production of honey from Tetragonula sp. was 3.74 g/hive/5 months and in Apis cerana was 301.35 g/hive/5 months. It can be concluded that the Tetragonula sp. as an agent of pollinators can enhance the production of coffee and increase the biodiversity of coffee.

scholarly journals The effect of the limitation of insect pollination period on the fruit set and yield of temperate-zone fruit tree species

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Erdős ◽  
I. Skola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Bee Colonies

The duration of effective bee pollination period was limited by caging flowering branches for shorter or longer time in blooming fruit trees in a number of experiments during the past decades. In the case of self-sterile fruit species and cultivars (apples, pears, quinces, some plums, some sour cherries) even partial limitation of the effective duration of bee pollination period significantly reduced the fruit set and the yield. In the case of self-fertile apricots the effect of the total and also the influence of partial limitation of bee pollination period was the same as in the case of the mentioned self-sterile fruits. On the other hand, in the case of another self-fertile fruits (some plums, some sour cherries), the effect of partial limitation of bee pollination period was usually small, but complete (or incomplete but strong) limitation of be pollination usually resulted in a strong reduction of yield. This means that not only self-sterile but also self-fertile fruits clearly depend on insect (bee) pollination. This is because pollen dehiscence of anthers and the receptive period of stigmas do not overlap in time within the individual flowers. Stigmas in self-fertile trees, therefore, need pollen carried by bees from another flowers of the same tree (or compatible pollen from another trees). Accordingly, additional bee pollination (moving bee colonies to the orchards in flower) is needed to all kinds of temperate-zone fruit tree species when bee visitation of plantations is not abundant enough for some reasons.

scholarly journals The effect of the limitation of insect pollination period on the fruit set and yield of quince cultivars (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
The Mean

The effect of the partial and/or complete limitation of the insect (bee) pollination period was studied in three consecutive years at 6 quince cultivars. Quince is greatly sensitive to the limitation. Complete limitation of insect pollination resulted in no yield and also a partial limitation of the insect pollination period (exclusion of the bees at the first or at the second half of the blooming) depressed the final set and the yield by 60-70% at least or more, sometimes down to no yield. No real correlation was found between the mean mass of fruits and the fruit set. The mass of fruit seems to be rather a character of the cultivars. A loose but significant correlation was established between the intensity of honeybee visitation and the consequent yield of quince. As much as some 4-5 and 8-10 honeybee visits are needed a day on one flower to achieve the required optimal fruit set that has been declared to be 20-25% for quince in the literature. These are extremely high bee visitation figures, accordingly, no doubt the commercial quince plantations require much higher number of honeybee colonies than other temperate zone fruit tree species to supplementary pollination  

scholarly journals Some flower characters, variety features and environmental effects affecting bee pollination of pear (Pyrus communis L.): a review of the results of latest research

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pyrus Communis L

Intensive research has been implemented on different aspects of the bee pollination of pear in Hungary in the past decade, extending to the following topics: the effect of the opening sequence of the flowers within the inflorescence of pear cultivars on the effectiveness of bee pollination; the nectar production of flowers of pear cultivars; intensity of honeybee visitation and their foraging behaviour at the flowers of pear cultivars; flower constancy of honeybees to pear plantations; competition by weeds in bloom for bee pollination in flowering pear orchards; and some aspects to the bee pollination strategies of pear plantations (the effect of the limitation of bee pollination period on the set and the yield, possible compensation of frost damage of flowers by bee pollination in pear orchards, the optimal size of single cultivar block in pear plantations). The results of these studies are reviewed in this paper and some important aspects that need further studies are outlined.  

scholarly journals Changes in Some Quality Criteria During Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage of Peaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eris ◽  
B. Akbudak
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
The Past

Intensive research has been implemented on different aspects of the bee pollination of pear in Hungary in the past decade, extending to the following topics: the effect of the opening sequence of the flowers within the inflorescence of pear cultivars on the effectiveness of bee pollination; the nectar production of flowers of pear cultivars; intensity of honeybee visitation and their foraging behaviour at the flowers of pear cultivars; flower constancy of honeybees to pear plantations; competition by weeds in bloom for bee pollination in flowering pear orchards; and some aspects to the bee pollination strategies of pear plantations (the effect of the limitation of bee pollination period on the set and the yield, possible compensation of frost damage of flowers by bee pollination in pear orchards, the optimal size of single cultivar block in pear plantations). The results of these studies are reviewed in this paper and some important aspects that need further studies are outlined.  

scholarly journals Impact of Seasonal Variation on Physico-Chemical Properties of Orchard Soil and their Relationship with Different Fruit Tree Species under Semiarid Irrigated Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Available N ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The chemical properties in the rhizosphere of fruit tree species were investigated during different season at CCS HAU, Hisar. Results revels that pH value, OC, N, P, K, Zn contents increased significantly with all the fruit orchards over control (uncultivated land). However, maximum pH, EC, OC, CN ratio, available N, P, K, Zn and Fe (8.30, 0.33 dS/m, 0.54 %, 11.63, 126.26 kg/ha, 32.24 kg/ha, 284.93 kg/ha, 2.10 ppm and 3.34 ppm) was found in aonla, sweet orange, jamun, jamun, guava, sweet orange, guava, ber and sweet orange, respectively. Highest EC, CEC, OC and available K were found in winter season but pH, EC, available N, Zn, Mn and B contents were recorded maximum in summer season.CN ratio and available P were maximum in rainy season. Inter row spaces soil had highest pH, CEC, CN ratio and Zn contents while maximum OC, Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and B contents was observed under the canopy of fruit trees.

scholarly journals Floral biology, pollination and fertilisation of temperate zone fruit trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Set Up

The knowledge of blooming, pollination and fertilisation and its use are indispensable in maximizing of cropping potential of fruits in economical fruit production. In attaining maximum yield a greater attention has to be focused on choosing cultivar combinations, and results of experiments on blooming, pollination and fertilisation must be applied carefully. To have efficient bee pollination requires attention at the time of designing an orchard. It requires further attention at the time of bloom of any of the fruit-hearing species. Markets demand new types of fruit which forces constant changes in the cultivar composition of orchard. The blooming, pollinating and fertilisation characteristics of cultivars chosen have to be known before an orchard is set up. Apart from the general knowledge of trees considered to be planted, there is a great need to know the flowering, pollinating and fertilization characteristics of each cultivar in detail.

scholarly journals Flower characters and self-fertilization capacity in relation to the bee pollination at sour cherry cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

Detailed studies and comparisons were carried out on those flower characters of sour cherry cultivars that may affect bee pollination of flowers. Flower characters of sour cherry are fairly similar to other temperate zone fruit tree species. Their relatively small flowers distinguish the Cigánymeggy-types of cultivars from the flowers of tart cherries cultivars that are conspicuously larger, almost as large as the sweet cherry flowers. The relative position of flower organs was much more variable according to the season than according to the cultivars. So the differences were rather the consequences of seasonal effects than of variety features of sour cherry cultivars. As far as individual cultivars are concerned differences in the nectar production and the sugar concentration are revealed rather between groups of cultivars than between individual cultivars. The pollen production of flowers was extremely changeable in consecutive years. Most honeybees collected nectar at sour cherry flowers; pure pollen gatherers and mixed behaviour bees were half as frequent but differences among the behaviour of honeybees according to cultivars cannot be stated. The fidelity of honeybees to sour cherry is less expressed than to some other fruit tree species. Accordingly, it is very strongly suggested to take the competitive effect other plant species (weeds) flowering in and around the orchard carefully into account when organizing additional bee pollination in sour cherry plantations. Several sour cherry cultivars possess more or less self-fertilization capacity but this is greatly changeable according to the season. It has been proved that self-sterile sour cherry cultivars are sensitive even on the partial restriction of the effective time of bee pollination and it is to be stressed too that even in the case of partly self-fruitful cultivars bee pollination is also vital in yield formation because medium or strong restriction of the effective bee pollination period is of a definite negative effect on their fruit set and yield. In years with unfavourable weather the yield can dramatically be reduced sometimes down to nil. However, very high fruit set is also unfavourable because a negative correlation was detected between the final set and the mean mass of fruits.

Performance Management Transformation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

No other talent process has been the subject of such great debate and emotion as performance management (PM). For decades, different strategies have been tried to improve PM processes, yielding an endless cycle of reform to capture the next “flavor-of-the-day” PM trend. The past 5 years, however, have brought novel thinking that is different from past trends. Companies are reducing their formal processes, driving performance-based cultures, and embedding effective PM behavior into daily work rather than relying on annual reviews to drive these. Through case studies provided from leading organizations, this book illustrates the range of PM processes that companies are using today. These show a shift away from adopting someone else’s best practice; instead, companies are designing bespoke PM processes that fit their specific strategy, climate, and needs. Leading PM thought leaders offer their views about the state of PM today, what we have learned and where we need to focus future efforts, including provocative new research that shows what matters most in driving high performance. This book is a call to action for talent management professionals to go beyond traditional best practice and provide thought leadership in designing PM processes and systems that will enhance both individual and organizational performance.

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