Strategy for Internationalization of the Spanish Economy and Foreign Trade in Agri-Food Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
A.M. Anikina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Foreign Markets

Spain is member of the European Union, one of the main countries – major producers and exporters of agricultural products. The article raises the positive dynamics of increasing the export of agricultural products, as well as the strategy for promoting these products on foreign markets. The article presents data on the main agricultural products produced in the country.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

scholarly journals Wpływ embarga Federacji Rosyjskiej na eksport jabłek z Polski w latach 2004-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

In August 2014 the Russian Federation introduced a ban on imports of many food and agricultural products from the European Union member states, including Poland. It was the second embargo imposed on Poland after its accession to the European Union. The aim of the study is to assess the consequences of measures adopted by the Russian Federation to restrict imports of apples, one of the most important agri-food products, in 2004-2015. During the recent embargo, Poland did not limit itself, as it had been the case during the first ban in 2006-2008, to redirecting exports to Russia via Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, but it looked for new markets, including the EU single market.

scholarly journals COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF EXPORT AND IMPORT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Liydmila KYSH
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Current State ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
The Eu

In the article we analyze the state of development of the domestic agrarian sector of the economy and the tendency of the formation of export batches of products. The current pace of development of the agrarian sector shows that the production of agricultural products is growing faster than the growth of domestic demand, which necessitates the search for new trading partners. This provides an opportunity for expanding foreign markets, receiving currency revenues into the country's economy. We analyzed the commodity structure of the export and import of agricultural and food products. The top 10 agro-food export and import products for 2018 are identified. We have investigated the specifics of trade in agrarian products with the countries of the European Union. We found that the main products of Ukrainian agroexport, which were put on the EU market are cereals and oilseeds. Growth of exports to the EU countries also occurred due to an increase in the supply of niche, processed and prepared food products. As a result of our research, we analyzed the current state of agricultural markets and found that global trends in food consumption (population growth) and non-food use of oilseeds (feed and biodiesel), causes the problem of internal satisfaction of individual needs in many countries of the world, causes significant investments in this branch in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Scientific concepts and methodological approaches to the formation of a monitoring system for foreign markets for agricultural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
N. V. Kireyenko ◽  
I. A. Voytko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Methodological Approaches

An important place in the implementation of foreign trade policy of the state, region, industry, business entity is occupied by the monitoring system of foreign food markets. Without understanding their development trends, qualitative and quantitative parameters, consumers and competitors, it is impossible to build an effective agricultural business. The article presents the results of a scientific study on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of foreign trade policy and increasing the export potential of the agri-food sector of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account world experience. The scientific and practical features of the formation of an effective planning system, organization and monitoring of foreign markets for agricultural products and food products have been studied and systematized. The methodological approaches to the analysis of the conditions of access and entry to foreign markets for agri-food products have been substantiated.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

scholarly journals Features of agro-food chains formation in foreign markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
O.O. Varchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Food Supply Chains

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of agri-food chains in foreign markets and the calculation of value added losses in export-import operations of agri-food. It is established that the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP of Ukraine is 10.2% at the lowest value added per employee 4801.4 dollars. USA. It is estimated that in 2010–2019, in the structure of Ukraine's exports, agricultural products provided 19% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 40% in 2019, which is evidence of the strengthening of export positions of the studied sector of the economy in foreign markets. It was revealed that in 2019 the share of agri-food products was 44.3%, or 22.2 billion dollars. US, or increased by 19% compared to 2018, while total exports from the country during this period increased by only 6%. It is determined that in the structure of exports of agri-food products the share of plant products is 58%, and in the commodity structure of exports the largest share falls on cereals - 74%, as well as oilseeds - 20%. It is concluded that the export of agricultural food in 2010–2019 is formed by raw materials, while the value added of processed products - sunflower oil, poultry meat - is higher than that of grain. Threats to the functioning of agri-food supply chains to foreign markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and government actions of the world and Ukraine to ensure food security are systematized. It is substantiated that the structure of Ukraine's foreign trade is rational, as raw materials predominate in supplies to foreign markets, and technically complex products dominate in the structure of imports. It is estimated that the foreign trade balance of goods and services in 2019 is negative in the amount of 3.7 billion dollars, but improved by 2.5 billion dollars. relative to the 2018 figure. It is substantiated that in order to achieve a positive value of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine it is necessary to stimulate the development of food industries, ie products with high added value. It is analyzed that the increase in exports of agricultural raw materials leads to a shortfall in value added, and, consequently, the state budget loses significant revenues in the form of value added tax (processed agricultural products are subject to VAT on its exports), tax on profit, export duty (rate 18%, for the export of live farm animals). It was found that the value structure of agricultural imports is dominated by the group of "finished food products" (45%); the second position of agri-food imports is occupied by products of plant origin, the share of which is 31%; third - products of animal origin, whose share in the structure of imports is about 18%. It is suggested that state support instruments, such as VAT refunds, should only be used to stimulate high value-added industries. Key words: agri-food supply chains, export, import, foreign markets, value added.

EVALUATION OF EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FROM TURKEY TO LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė JOTAUTAITĖ ◽  
Eglė JOTAUTIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Textile Products

In this paper, export opportunities of textile products from Turkey to Lithuania are analyzed. The main goal of this article is to present an analysis of the opportunities to import textile products from Turkey to Lithuania. The empirical research basing on the statistical database analysis was used. The analysis of Turkey’s markets was showed that the economy is strongly dependent on exports of various products from Turkey and it is about one forth of Turkey’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The bulk of exports from Turkey is t o countries in the European Union. Turkey is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of textiles. The analysis of Lithuanian markets was indicated that Lithuania has a feasible market for imports due to its fast growing GDP, increasing labor wages and modernization of agriculture industry. Furthermore, advantageous and adequate policies of Lithuania’s foreign trade should encourage the development of imports to this country. The demand for textile products in Lithuania is growing rapidly and it is one of the most important sectors in fostering its economy

scholarly journals Economic and financial position of agricultural enterprises in the period before the accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 486-494
Author(s):  
Z. Chrastinová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Legal Entities

In the year before the accession to the European Union, the Slovak agricultural sector reported a loss of SKK 2.4 billion and following a profitable year, the earnings were reduced by SKK 2.8 billion. The situation was caused by a number of reasons, namely reduced sales of agricultural products, damage resulting from adverse weather effects (cold weather, hail, drought and  swine fever), as well as widening of the price gap compared to the year before (increasing input prices in agriculture and decreasing purchase prices of agricultural products, especially in livestock production). Legal entities and natural persons experienced mixed business success. While 51% of legal entities made profit, the figure rose to 76% in the group of natural persons. Both the agricultural cooperatives and trading companies performed with a loss. The loss per hectare of agricultural land (a.l.) was substantially lower in the case of business companies. Natural persons - private farmers were profitable over the period. The gap between the profitable and loss-making enterprises has widened. Some 60% of profitable enterprises owned by legal entities made only a small profit below SKK 0.5 million. The loss-making performance was typical for more productive areas of Slovakia. This was related to stronger effects of adverse climate in 2003.

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