Survey of Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Virginia and North Carolina Peanut Fields1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
E. R. Day
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Sixty peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields were surveyed for wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the Virginia-North Carolina peanut area in 1989 and 1990. A series of baited container soil traps was placed in each field once in early June and again in early August for a total of 605 trap-weeks (trap per field per week = 1 trap-week)). Trap capture was similarly low in both states and in both years with a total of 59 wireworm specimens collected: an average of one wireworm per field per year. Species composition was similarly diverse with Conoderus vespertinus F. comprising 58 percent, C. lividus De Geer 20 percent, Glyphonx sp. 8 percent, Melanotus communis Gyllenhal 7 percent, C. sp. 5 percent, and C. bellus Say 2 percent. Even though wireworm captures were low, moderate to high levels of pod damage were observed. The large number of southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) adults detected on nearby pheromone baited sticky traps indicated that most pod damage was not by wireworm but by southern corn rootworm. Implications are that although several wireworm species can be found in association with peanut, they appear to play only a minor role in peanut pod damage in the survey area.

scholarly journals Interactions of Chlorpyrifos and Herbicides Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Rick L. Brandenburg ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson ◽  
Brian M. Royals ◽  
Brenda Watson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Standard Application

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 2004 through 2006 in North Carolina to determine peanut injury, pod scarring, pod yield, and percentages of extra large kernels (%ELK), fancy pods (%FP), and total sound mature kernels (%TSMK) following chlorpyrifos applied as a granular at pegging or as emulsifiable concentrate applied preplant incorporated (PPI) in mixture with pendimethalin. In one experiment, preemergence (PRE) herbicides consisted of S-metalochlor, S-metalochlor plus diclosulam, and S-metalochlor plus flumioxazin following chlorpyrifos. In a separate experiment, the postemergence (POST) herbicides acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus bentazon, imazapic, and paraquat plus bentazon were applied when peanut diameter was 10 to 15 cm. Chlorpyrifos did not interact with diclosulam or flumioxazin applied PRE or with the POST herbicides acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus bentazon, imazapic, or paraquat plus bentazon with respect to visual injury and pod yield. Applying chlorpyrifos at pegging was more effective than PPI applications in reducing pod scarification caused by southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) feeding. Although PRE and POST herbicides injured peanut in a manner consistent with standard application of these herbicides, pod yield, %ELK and %TSMK were not affected by early season injury. However, pod yield was lower in the experiment with POST herbicides when chlorpyrifos was applied PPI compared with granular application at pegging. No differences in pod yield, %ELK, %FP, and %TSMK were noted when comparing PPI and pegging applications of chlorpyrifos in the PRE herbicide experiment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Virginia-type Peanut Cultivars for Resistance to Southern Corn Rootworm1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract Southern corn rootworm (SCRW) (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) is the most damaging soil insect to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Virginia-North Carolina production area. New cultivars and advanced breeding lines have not been evaluated for resistance to SCRW. The objective of this 3-yr study was to evaluate three new cultivars (NC-V 11, VA-C 92R, and Agra Tech VC-1) and an advanced breeding line (VA 861101) for resistance to SCRW. NC 6 and NC 9 were used as resistant and susceptible checks, respectively. Pod damage, yield, market grade, and dollar value were obtained for each plot. Agra Tech VC-1, VA-C 92R, and VA 861101 had less total pod damage from SCRW than NC 9. VA 861101 produced significantly higher yields and value per ha than all cultivars on soil types conducive to SCRW damage. Insecticidetreated plots had significantly higher value per ha and lower total pod damage than untreated plots. Results from this study indicate that VA 861101 may be an acceptable replacement for NC 6. Agra Tech VC-1 is the most resistant of the newly released cultivars, but this is not reflected in higher yields.

Influence of Planting Pattern on Pest Management in Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Lassiter ◽  
D.L. Jordan ◽  
G.G. Wilkerson ◽  
B.B. Shew ◽  
R.L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Twelve field trials were completed in North Carolina from 2005 to 2007 to determine the impact of planting pattern on peanut yield, market grade characteristics, and pest reaction for the Virginia market type cultivars Perry and VA 98R. The first set of experiments was designed to evaluate incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum) using a factorial treatment arrangement of two cultivars, two levels of fumigation (none or metam sodium at 112 L/ha), and two levels of planting pattern (single rows spaced 91-cm apart or twin rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91-cm centers). Visible symptoms associated with Cylindrocladium black rot were not affected by planting pattern. However, in 1 of 3 trials pod scarring as a result of feeding by southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) was greater in twin rows compared with single rows. Damage from tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) was also higher in the cultivar VA 98R planted in twin rows than in single rows or for the cultivar Perry. In the second set of experiments designed to evaluate incidence of Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor), a factorial treatment arrangement consisting of two cultivars, two levels of boscalid (none or boscalid at 0.44 kg ai/ha), and two levels of planting pattern was implemented. Boscalid decreased Sclerotinia blight incidence at one of 4 locations, and increased pod yield. Yield of Perry was lower when grown in twin rows versus single rows, but yield of VA 98R was higher in twin rows. Peanut planted in twin rows yielded more than peanut planted in single rows regardless of cultivar, fumigation, or disease history in most trials. Results from these experiments suggest that planting pattern can have a minor impact on response to pests and that yield and market grades are often improved when peanut is planted in twin-row planting patterns compared with single rows.

Relationship of Pod Damage by Southern Corn Rootworm and Soil Drainage to Peanut Yield

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Ang ◽  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
T. P. Mack ◽  
R. L. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract No published studies have quantified the relationship between damage to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods by the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, and yield. Peanut yields have generally been found to be inconsistently related to control measures (insecticide treatments) used for southern corn rootworm. This discrepancy may be caused by the variable survival of eggs and larvae in soils with different moisture retention capacities. This study determined the relationship of pod damage and the influence of soil drainage to peanut yield. Eleven on-farm tests for management of southern corn rootworm, conducted between 1989 to 1991 and involving 48 different control measures, were compiled for analysis. All experimental fields were classified into three drainage classes: moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained. Yield declined with an increase in percentage pod damage (P < 0.05). Percentage of mature pods damaged increased with increased area poorly drained. Stepwise regression models indicated that the inherent drainage properties of a field and proportion of pod damage observed, by themselves, can explain 45% of the variance observed in yield regardless of insecticide treatment.

scholarly journals A Risk Index for Determining Insecticide Treatment for Southern Corn Rootworm in Peanut

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
W. J. Petka ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Field Case ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, is a primary pest of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., in Virginia and North Carolina and an occasional pest in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. Currently, no alternatives involving integrated pest management exist for this pest, and control is based solely on preventive application of soil insecticides. Recent reductions in federal price support for peanut grown in the U.S. have provided incentives for growers to look for ways to reduce production costs. A risk index was developed that integrates factors that influence rootworm abundance and peanut pod damage to estimate levels of risk in individual peanut fields, and thus allows for more prescriptive and economical rootworm management. This index was evaluated using 44 field case studies in Virginia and North Carolina commercial peanut fields over the period 1989 to 1996. In each field case, predicted risk was compared to actual percent pod damage. Results showed that in 29 of 44 cases, the index accurately predicted general levels of risk to pod damage, and insecticide treatment decisions based on the index would have been correct in 32 of 44 cases. This report contains the individual index components, the justification for each, the indexing process, example index scenarios, and results of the process used in field case study evaluation.

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

scholarly journals Spotted cucumber beetle Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsimran Kaur Gill ◽  
Gaurav Goyal ◽  
Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata ◽  
Spotted Cucumber Beetle

Spotted cucumber beetle is a major agricultural pest of North America. Another name for the spotted cucumber beetle is “southern corn rootworm”. Many Diabrotica species cause damage to field crops, especially corn, making these beetles a major agricultural concern. Because of the subterranean nature of their larvae, these insects are hard and expensive to control. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Harsimran Kaur Gill, Gaurav Goyal, and Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1008

Evaluation of Trap Cropping and Biological Control Against Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleopetera: Chrysomelidae) in Peanuts

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Barbercheck ◽  
W.C. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Trap Cropping

Field trials to test the efficacy of trap cropping and biological control for the management of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Chrysomelidae: Luperini) in peanuts were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne cv. ‘Blue Hubbard’ was used as a trap crop for adult beetles and the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapse Weiser and Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston, were used as biological control agents against soil-inhabiting larvae. In 1992, peanut yields were highest in treatments that included a trap crop. Trap crop did not affect yield in 1993 or 1994. In 2 out of the 3 years, distribution of pod damage relative to the trap crop suggested that beetles oviposited more frequently in peanuts growing in the row next to the trap crop than in peanuts 3 rows from the trap crop. Although entomopathogenic nematodes persisted for a sufficient period to overlap with the presence of rootworms, they did not affect yield or pod damage in peanuts.

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