A Note on Use of Seed Protein Markers for Identification of Aflatoxin Resistance in Peanut1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bianchi-Hall ◽  
R. D. Keys ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Associate Protein ◽  
Fungal Invasion ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract Fungi in the genus Aspergillus produce aflatoxins which are a group of toxic secondary metabolites. Fungal invasion of peanut seed and subsequent aflatoxin production can occur before or during harvest as well as during storage. Because storage proteins comprise a large percentage of the peanut seed, this study attempted to associate protein markers with previously reported aflatoxin-resistant genotypes. Variation was observed among 24 genotypes for electrophoretic banding patterns, but it was not possible to correlate the presence or absence of specific bands with aflatoxin resistance.

scholarly journals THE USE OF SEED PROTEIN BANDING PATTERNS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PASTURE CULTIVARS

1988 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
M.B. Forde ◽  
S.E. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Seed Certification ◽  
Plant Variety

Because of the growing number of pasture cultivars used in NZ and the difficulty of reliably separating cultivars of the same species by morphological characters, seed protein banding patterns have become a useful supplementary means of cultivar identification for the purposes of seed certification and plant variety rights applications. Sodium dodecylsufphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from ground seed samples produces distinctive patterns of bands representing seed storage proteins of different molecular weights. The procedure can be carried out in two days using viable or dead seed, and the results are not affected by site and season of growth. Although individual seeds of outbreeding species such as perennial ryegrass and white clover produce different banding patterns, the combined population representing the cultivar remains constant unless there has been genetic shift during seed multiplication. Speckes for whrch this procedure is being successfully used include the ryegrasses and fescues, browntop, cocksfoot, bromes, red and white clovers, subterranean clover, serradella and lotus. Even cultrvars as closely related as Nui and Ellett ryegrasses and Huia and Pitau white clovers can be separated by careful work. Because of minor technical differences between runs, all cultivars to be compared must be run on the same gel. Keywords: Seed certification, Plant variety rights, sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Studies on genetic diversity in chickpea utilizing morphological and total seed protein markers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayalakshmi ◽  
C. Kiran Kumar Reddy ◽  
G. Jyothirmayi ◽  
A. Trivikrama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Total Seed

Genetic diversity among seventeen chickpea varieties was investigated utilizing agro morphological traits and total seed protein markers. Morphological markers grouped all the desi genotypes (9) except ICCV 10 under Cluster I, whereas kabuli genotypes (7) were grouped in three clusters. Dendogram developed based on total seed protein profile revealed that the seventeen genotypes could be grouped into two clusters broadly at a distance of 25. Similarity index between all possible pairs of seventeen genotypes showed a range of 0.074 (Vishal and ICCV-10) to 0.579 (JAKI-9218 and ICCC 37). The correspondence between different methods might be improved by analyzing more morphological characters, storage proteins and DNA markers.

scholarly journals A Single Seed Protein Extraction Protocol for Characterizing Brassica Seed Storage Proteins

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Bronwyn J. Barkla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Hazardous Chemical

Rapeseed oil-extracted expeller cake mostly contains protein. Various approaches have been used to isolate, detect and measure proteins in rapeseeds, with a particular focus on seed storage proteins (SSPs). To maximize the protein yield and minimize hazardous chemical use, isolation costs and the loss of seed material, optimization of the extraction method is pivotal. For some studies, it is also necessary to minimize or avoid seed-to-seed cross-contamination for phenotyping and single-tissue type analysis to know the exact amount of any bioactive component in a single seed, rather than a mixture of multiple seeds. However, a simple and robust method for single rapeseed seed protein extraction (SRPE) is unavailable. To establish a strategy for optimizing SRPE for downstream gel-based protein analysis, yielding the highest amount of SSPs in the most economical and rapid way, a variety of different approaches were tested, including variations to the seed pulverization steps, changes to the compositions of solvents and reagents and adjustments to the protein recovery steps. Following SRPE, 1D-SDS-PAGE was used to assess the quality and amount of proteins extracted. A standardized SRPE procedure was developed and then tested for yield and reproducibility. The highest protein yield and quality were obtained using a ball grinder with stainless steel beads in Safe-Lock microcentrifuge tubes with methanol as the solvent, providing a highly efficient, economic and effective method. The usefulness of this SRPE was validated by applying the procedure to extract protein from different Brassica oilseeds and for screening an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant population of Brassica rapa R-0-18. The outcomes provide useful methodology for identifying and characterizing the SSPs in the SRPE.

Characterization of storage proteins extracted from Avena sativa seed protein bodies

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Pernollet ◽  
Su Il Kim ◽  
Jacques Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Bodies

Comparison of Constitutive and Inducible Maize Kernel Proteins of Genotypes Resistant or Susceptible to Aflatoxin Production

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-YUAN CHEN ◽  
ROBERT L. BROWN ◽  
THOMAS E. CLEVELAND ◽  
KENNETH E. DAMANN ◽  
JOHN S. RUSSIN
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Maize genotypes resistant or susceptible to aflatoxin production or contamination were compared for differences in both constitutive and inducible proteins. Five additional constitutive proteins were found to be associated with resistance in over 8 of the 10 genotypes examined. Among these, the 58- and 46-kDa proteins were identified as globulin-1 and globulin-2, respectively. Differences in the ability to induce specific antifungal proteins, such as the higher synthesis of the 22-kDa zeamatin in resistant genotypes, were also observed between resistant and susceptible kernels incubated under germinating conditions (31°C, 100% humidity). Both constitutive and inducible proteins appear to be necessary for kernel resistance. Embryo-killed kernels (unable to synthesize new proteins) supported the highest level of aflatoxins, whereas imbibed kernels (to hasten protein induction) supported the lowest among all treatments. This suggests that the synthesis of new proteins by the embryo plays an important role in conferring resistance. However, significantly lower levels of aflatoxin production in embryo-killed resistant kernels than in susceptible ones suggest that, in reality, high levels of constitutive antifungal proteins are indispensable to kernel resistance.

Evidence against the existence of varieties in Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. arundinacea (Poaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Aiken ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch ◽  
Susan E. Gardiner ◽  
W. W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Sds Page

The morphological diversity of North American specimens of Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. arundinacea (Trin.) Tzvelev was evaluated for possible varieties within the subspecies by considering (i) descriptions of three previously recognized taxa included in the subspecies, (ii) measurements of spikelet characters of the types of five taxa, (iii) Macoun's illustrations of spikelet diversity, (iv) a morphological study of 130 herbarium specimens, and (v) a transplant garden study. Characters thought to be uninfluenced by environment were examined. These included (i) the seed protein banding patterns revealed by SDS–PAGE, (ii) the guard cell sizes from plants of known chromosome number, and (iii) a study of anther lengths and pollen diameters. The data do not support the recognition of varieties. Key words: SDS–PAGE, transplant garden, pollen, chromosome number, guard cells, Arctagrostis, Poaceae, taxonomy.

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