A Note on Development of a Low-cost and High-throughput SSR-based Genotyping Method in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Fountain ◽  
Hongde Qin ◽  
Charles Chen ◽  
Phat Dang ◽  
Ming Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Peanut cultivar development has been dominated by conventional breeding methods, which have and will continue to play an important role. Applications of marker-assisted selection (MAS) have been used in peanut breeding selection but the cost of genotyping is still a considerable factor. The objective of this study was to introduce a simple, low-cost, and high-throughput protocol for peanut community. The developed system was based on a smaller (10.5 cm in length) polyacrylamide gel size system to separate PCR amplified DNA fragments and silver staining to visualize the bands. This system is very easy to operate, having one electrophoresis unit holds two vertical 52-sample gels, and the cost for purchasing the unit is less than $200. For instance, the electrophoresis runs about 1 hr and 40 min at 180 V for 9% polyacrylamide gel to separate small to medium sized DNA bands (< 500 bp) or 1 hr and 20 min at 160 V for 6% polyacrylamide gel preferably for larger band separation (≥ 500 bp), but the gel concentrations and running times could be adjusted according to the polymorphic banding patterns and sizes to mitigate the drawback of this system of small gel-size. The silver staining takes about 30 min. After staining, the gels are placed on a light-box for genotype scoring and then photographed using a digital camera. The cost per gel is estimated at $0.54 and the cost for silver staining is estimated at $0.37. Therefore, the cost could be as low as $0.018 per data point, excluding PCR reaction and DNA preparation cost. A scientist has the potential to generate over 1,200 data points per day. This method has been used in the construction of a peanut genetic linkage map and QTL studies in our laboratory in conjunction with other methods.

scholarly journals Integration the Low Cost Camera Images with the Google Earth Dataset to Create a 3D Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-458
Author(s):  
Marwa Mohammed Bori ◽  
Zahraa Ezzulddin Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Close Range ◽  
The Cost

As known Close range photogrammetry represents one of the most techniques to create precise 3D model. Metric camera, digital camera, and Laser scanning can be exploited for the photogrammetry with variety level of cost that may be high. In this study, the cost level is taken in to consideration to achieve balance between the cost and the obtained accuracy. This study aims to detect potential of low cost tools for creating 3D model in terms of obtained accuracy and details and comparing it with corresponding studies. Smart phone camera is the most available for everyone; this gave the motivation for use in this study. In addition, Google Earth was used to integrate the 3D model produced from all sides including the roof.  Then, two different types of the mobile camera were used in addition to the DSLR camera (Digital Single Lens Reflex) for comparison and analysis purposes. Thus, this research gave flexibility in work and low cost resulting from replacement the metric camera with the smart camera and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with Google Earth data. Mechanism of the work can be summarized in four steps. Firstly, photogrammetry planning to determine suitable baselines from object and location of targets that measured using GPS and Total station devices. Secondly, collect images using close range photogrammetry technique. Thirdly, processing step to create the 3D model and integrated with Google Earth images using the Agi Photoscan software. Finally, Comparative and evaluation stage to derive the accuracy and quality of the model obtained from this study using statistical analysis method. Regarding this Study, University of Baghdad, central library was selected as the case study. The results of this paper show that the low cost 3D model resulted from integrating  phone and Google Earth images gave suitable result with mean accuracy level reached to about less than 5 meters compared with DSLR camera result, this may be used for several applications such as  culture heritage and architecture documentation.

scholarly journals Automated Low-Cost Photogrammetric Acquisition of 3D Models from Small Form-Factor Artefacts

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Collins ◽  
Sandra I. Woolley ◽  
Erlend Gehlken ◽  
Eugene Ch’ng
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Small Form Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Object Models

The photogrammetric acquisition of 3D object models can be achieved by Structure from Motion (SfM) computation of photographs taken from multiple viewpoints. All-around 3D models of small artefacts with complex geometry can be difficult to acquire photogrammetrically and the precision of the acquired models can be diminished by the generic application of automated photogrammetric workflows. In this paper, we present two versions of a complete rotary photogrammetric system and an automated workflow for all-around, precise, reliable and low-cost acquisitions of large numbers of small artefacts, together with consideration of the visual quality of the model textures. The acquisition systems comprise a turntable and (i) a computer and digital camera or (ii) a smartphone designed to be ultra-low cost (less than $150). Experimental results are presented which demonstrate an acquisition precision of less than 40 μ m using a 12.2 Megapixel digital camera and less than 80 μ m using an 8 Megapixel smartphone. The novel contribution of this work centres on the design of an automated solution that achieves high-precision, photographically textured 3D acquisitions at a fraction of the cost of currently available systems. This could significantly benefit the digitisation efforts of collectors, curators and archaeologists as well as the wider population.

Monitoring vertebrate populations using observational data

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley M Hochachka ◽  
Kathy Martin ◽  
Frank Doyle ◽  
Charles J Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
Kluane Lake

Methods for monitoring temporal changes in population size vary from intensive and potentially expensive to less intensive and more easily implemented techniques. In this paper we evaluate the utility of a monitoring technique that can be used to follow many vertebrate species simultaneously at low cost and requires little training of personnel. Observers record the number of individuals seen per hour in the field and these rates of encounter are used as an index of population size. We examine whether encounter rates reflect population size by comparing them with independent censuses of three species over a 7-year period in the boreal forest near Kluane Lake in the southern Yukon Territory. Encounter rates were generally an accurate reflection of variation in population size. In our study system, inter-observer variability did not influence our ability to detect fluctuations in population size: the underlying fluctuations were detected whether data from all or only a group of "high-quality" observers were used. In our study, the benefit of using all available data outweighed the cost of variation among observers because sample sizes were large (averaging over 1200 data points from 33 observers per year). Variation in the length of observation periods did not affect the chance of detecting animals in our study. Encounter rates provide a reasonable index of variation in population size, although caution should be used with species that are uncommon or difficult to detect.

scholarly journals A High Throughput Method for Generating Dihaploids from Tetraploid Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
James S. Busse ◽  
Shelley H. Jansky ◽  
Husain I. Agha ◽  
Cari A. Schmitz Carley ◽  
Laura M. Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tetraploid Potato ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThere is a worldwide effort to increase the efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar development by using inbred diploid breeding lines. This activity is impeded by the cost and effort required to produce dihaploids from cultivated tetraploid potatoes. We developed a high throughput dihaploid production method based on the 60-year-old method of Peloquin and Hougas. Red Norland inflorescences from commercial fields were transferred to greenhouses. As buds developed, pollen from the dihaploid inducer IVP 101 was applied systematically to thousands of stigmas per trial. Berries were harvested 21 days after pollination. Seeds of putative dihaploids lacking a seed spot marker were retained and ploidy was confirmed using flow cytometry. We recovered 23 dihaploids from 21,651 pollinations. This is a promising method for systematically carrying out thousands of pollinations since the cost of field-grown flowers is dramatically less than that of greenhouse-grown flowers.

scholarly journals Custom built scanner and simple image processing pipeline enables low-cost, high-throughput phenotyping of maize ears

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedar Warman ◽  
John E Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Processing Pipeline ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Transmission Data ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

AbstractHigh-throughput phenotyping systems are becoming increasingly powerful, dramatically changing our ability to document, measure, and detect phenomena. Unfortunately, taking advantage of these trends can be difficult for scientists with few resources, particularly when studying nonstandard biological systems. Here, we describe a powerful, cost-effective combination of a custom-built imaging platform and open-source image processing pipeline. Our maize ear scanner was built with off-the-shelf parts for <$80. When combined with a cellphone or digital camera, videos of rotating maize ears were captured and digitally flattened into projections covering the entire surface of the ear. Segregating GFP and anthocyanin seed markers were clearly distinguishable in ear projections, allowing manual annotation using ImageJ. Using this method, statistically powerful transmission data can be collected for hundreds of maize ears, accelerating the phenotyping process.

FreeLoader: An Open Source Universal Testing Machine for High-Throughput Experimentation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Amend ◽  
Hod Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
High Throughput Experimentation ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Cost

We present a low cost, desktop size, open source, universal testing machine, designed for inexpensive high-throughput material testing. The tester can apply tensile and compressive loads up to 5 kN at rates ranging from 2 mm/min to 30 mm/min. Force measurements are achieved with ±1.8 N accuracy. The parts list for this machine represents an order of magnitude reduction in the cost per testing unit as compared to commercial systems. We describe the design and construction of the tester and validate its performance. The design, parts list, control software, and user manual are made available freely online under the open source BSD license.

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document