Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

scholarly journals Military Pilot Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Wladyslaw Melnarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Pilots

Abstract The article presents the description of the current systems of training military aircraft pilots. Particular attention has been paid to the trends of change aimed at reducing the cost of purchasing school aircraft and the burden on the entire training and aircraft operation system. Over the past 3 years, the annual Pilot Training Conference in London has dominated the issue of increasing the effectiveness of training pilots of combat aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicle operators. The results of training experiments were presented on this conference, which presented the abandonment of intermediate airplanes training process of military pilots. The results of different researches allowed to state, that on a well-designed school airplane, such as the Pilatus PC-21, one can train both basic and advanced trainings and then train pilots directly to the combat aircraft. Of course, all this training process should be intensively supported by the modern mission simulator of the 5th generation. This allows the thesis to be a future, innovative training system that significantly reduces the training costs of a combat aircraft pilot without affecting the quality of the training.

Air combat training – high energy at lowest cost

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj ◽  
Łukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
Subsonic Regime

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reduce the exploitation cost below the standard supersonic training aircraft. The idea will benefit from the latest aerodynamic software and modern avionics, allowing to use much lighter trainer (due to using composite materials and minimizing on board avionic systems), and hence, decreasing the fuel consumption and cost of operation. The need to reform advanced jet training also covers the “red air” missions (manned targets for exercise and training). Red air missions need dedicated more realistic and less costly platforms. However, this makes sense only if the performance of these platforms is comparable to a front-line combat aircraft, particularly in terms of high specific excess power (SEP) and high levels of agility. Failure to address this issue would lead to unrealistic training scenarios and a negative training experience. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on required research and the feasibility studies of a low-cost operationally effective solution for air combat pilot training, combining a very agile air platform, fully dedicated to training, and a flexible, interoperable, integrated training system (ITS) using simulations to provide a complete Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) solution. This study will explore innovations applicable to the learning and maintaining of skills, develop a first pilot physiological survey and propose a follow-up program aimed at developing a fully European air combat training service by 2028 or beyond. Findings The volume inside the SEP envelope shows the available SEP potential depending on Mach number and Altitude: SEP is directly representative for climb rate and acceleration or a combination of both. The surface of the volume represents steady-state conditions, i.e. at 1 g (no turns), enabling us to conclude that supersonic trainer and fighter present high energy potentials (SEP) required in air combat manoeuvres and that a subsonic trainer cannot match those qualities and does not fulfil advanced trainer requirements. Practical implications A major difficulty for the air forces in their training syllabus lies in the fact that in peacetime supersonic flight is restricted to dedicated areas or over the sea. However, a real beyond visual range fight can often start in the supersonic and continue into the high subsonic regime after a few minutes. Therefore, this novel trainer superior performance in the transonic region will bring the following advantages, for example in the rare opportunities to train in the lower supersonic regime, it can provide similar performance like combat aircraft and in the usual advanced training in the high subsonic regime, this novel trainer offers excellent realistic performance in a region where the conventional advanced trainer performance collapses beyond Mach 0.8 and does not provide realistic training results. The feasibility study shall be executed in close cooperation between User (Requirements) and Study Team (Solutions). The early conceptual design with basic layout and data (T/W and W/L) is key for operational utility and must be addressed with the User right at the beginning. The users are therefore offered early participation in the requirements development. Originality/value The presented methodology is an original approach to the combat pilot training. The core of the methodology is a study of a solution that aims to reduce training costs through an affordable operational air vehicle and an agile ITS. This goal will be reached by a design methodology that will concentrate the innovation and the developments to the critical issues for the concept (aerodynamics, propulsion, simulated weapon system, ITS architecture, etc.): the remaining topics will be adapted from existing solution, optimizing the development.

scholarly journals Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS A. CHIA ◽  
ANA T. LOMBARDI ◽  
MARIA DA GRACA G. MELAO
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
The Cost

The need for clean and low-cost algae production demands for investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media). The highest cell density was obtained in LC Oligo, while the lowest in Chu medium. Chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein concentrations and yield were highest in Chu and LC Oligo media. Lipid class analysis showed that hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esthers (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), aliphatic alcohols (ALC), acetone mobile polar lipids (AMPL) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations and yields were highest in the Chu medium. Triglyceride (TAG) and sterol (ST) concentrations were highest in the LC Oligo medium. The results suggested that for cost effective cultivation, LC Oligo medium is the best choice among those studied, as it saved the cost of buying vitamins and EDTA associated with the other growth media, while at the same time resulted in the best growth performance and biomass production.

scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

An Active Low Cost Mesh Networking Indoor Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carlin ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
System A ◽  
The Cost

Indoor radio frequency tracking systems are generally quite expensive and can vary in accuracy due to interference, equipment quality or other environmental factors. Due to these limiting factors of the technology, many businesses today find it hard to justify investing in RFID tracking technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and security of their working environments. The aim of this project was to provide a budget RFID tracking system that was capable of tracking a person or object through an indoor environment. To minimize the cost of the RFID tracking system, the components of the system were built from existing electronic equipment and hardware. The software was also written to minimize licensing and support fees allowing a cost effective budget RFID tracking system to be developed. The tracking system consists of a tag, reader nodes and a PC reader which utilize synapse RF 100 engines with python scripts embedded on to the chips. The tracking system software operates through a web portal utilizing web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript and PHP to allow the tags location to be represented on a two dimensional map using scalable vector graphics. During development of the system a new trilateration algorithm was developed and used convert the signals received from the tag to a virtual position on the map correlating to the actual physical position of the tag. A unique contribution of this system is the low cost of building which we estimate as less than £200 UK sterling for a five node system.

scholarly journals Self-managed, computerised word finding therapy as an add-on to usual care for chronic aphasia post-stroke: An economic evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552097534
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Latimer ◽  
Arjun Bhadhuri ◽  
Abu O Alshreef ◽  
Rebecca Palmer ◽  
Elizabeth Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of self-managed computerised word finding therapy as an add-on to usual care for people with aphasia post-stroke. Design: Cost-effectiveness modelling over a life-time period, taking a UK National Health Service (NHS) and personal social service perspective. Setting: Based on the Big CACTUS randomised controlled trial, conducted in 21 UK NHS speech and language therapy departments. Participants: Big CACTUS included 278 people with long-standing aphasia post-stroke. Interventions: Computerised word finding therapy plus usual care; usual care alone; usual care plus attention control. Main measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated, comparing the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained for each intervention. Credible intervals (CrI) for costs and QALYs, and probabilities of cost-effectiveness, were obtained using probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Subgroup and scenario analyses investigated cost-effectiveness in different subsets of the population, and the sensitivity of results to key model inputs. Results: Adding computerised word finding therapy to usual care had an ICER of £42,686 per QALY gained compared with usual care alone (incremental QALY gain: 0.02 per patient (95% CrI: −0.05 to 0.10); incremental costs: £732.73 per patient (95% CrI: £674.23 to £798.05)). ICERs for subgroups with mild or moderate word finding difficulties were £22,371 and £21,262 per QALY gained respectively. Conclusion: Computerised word finding therapy represents a low cost add-on to usual care, but QALY gains and estimates of cost-effectiveness are uncertain. Computerised therapy is more likely to be cost-effective for people with mild or moderate, as opposed to severe, word finding difficulties.

Development of Calibration Equipment for Geodetic Angle Measurement Instruments

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Lauryna Šiaudinytė ◽  
Deividas Sabaitis ◽  
Domantas Bručas ◽  
Gintaras Dmitrijev
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost

Production of high precision circular scales is a complicated process requiring expensive equipment and complex processes to achieve. Precision angle measurement equipment tends to be very expensive and therefore not accessible to all in need. Simplification of production of such devices can lead to reducing costs of angle measurement systems ensuring easier accessibility. A new method of producing precision circular scales using low cost mass production can reduce the costs of these devices drastically. Therefore, utilising a common CD technology as the basis for such scales is analysed. This paper deals with the analysis of the newest laser cutting method for plastic circular scales. Preliminary results of manufacturing such scales are presented in the paper as well as measurements of the grating of the scale were performed. The quality of different scales manufactured using different laser types is analysed in the study. The cost – effective alternative of manufacturing circular scales is discussed in the paper.

Approaches to the Design and Processing of Novel Titanium Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
H.P. Ng ◽  
Dacian Tomus ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques

The range of commercial titanium alloys available is currently extremely restricted, with one alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and derivatives of it, accounting for a very large proportion of all applications. High performance alloys are costly to fabricate and limited to low-volume applications that can sustain the cost. With the emergence of new processing technologies that promise to reduce significantly the cost of production of titanium metal, especially in powder form, there is an emerging imperative for cost-effective near net shape powder processing techniques to permit the benefit of reduced metal cost to be passed on to higher-volume applications. Equally, there is a need for the design and development of new alloys that are intrinsically low-cost and lend themselves to fabrication by novel cost-effective net shape processing. The approaches that might be used to select, design and process both conventional alloys and novel alloy systems will be reviewed, with a focus on innovation in design of low-cost alloys amenable to new processing paths and increasingly tolerant of variability in composition.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICE FOR RESTORATION OF PLACES FOR BEARINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Ludmila Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Electrospark Coating ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
The Cost

Defects of case details include operation of openings under bearings within 0,2 - 0,4 mm on the party, operation of landing belts under sleeves. When restoring them, traditional methods are used: installation of repair bushings, application of polymer and electrolytic coatings, micron smelting, electrospark treatment, etc. Restored parts must have hardness and wear resistance with the parameters of the material of the reducing part (deviation 10 - 15%), have sufficient adhesion to the base metal, corrosion resistance in a humid environment, provide maximum contact area with the conjugate part, no pores, slag, foreign inclusions . The method of restoration must eliminate the thermal impact on the part and be cost-effective. Polymer compositions are usually brittle, subject to breakage and leaching. Surfacing causes warping of the part, bleaching of cast iron, the formation of slag and pores in the deposited layer. The electrospark coating method does not provide sufficient contact area with the conjugate part. The use of electrolytes for iron seats in some enterprises is aggressive, unstable, requires heating or the use of expensive thyristor power supplies, followed by machining, as the microhardness of precipitation reaches a large value depending on the composition of the electrolyte and process modes, have high internal voltage. The proposed device for restoring the bearings simplifies the existing method and meets the technical requirements of manufacturers in terms of machining accuracy (ovality, taper, coaxiality and surface roughness), provides high productivity (2 times higher than the productivity of specialized machines horizontally). and low cost (60 times lower than the cost of specialized machines).

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Temporal and Club Angle Parameters During Golf Swings Using Low Cost Video Analyses Packages

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Hunter ◽  
Ukadike C. Ugbolue ◽  
Graeme G. Sorbie ◽  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Fergal M. Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
3D Software ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare swing time and golf club angle parameters during golf swings using three, two dimensional (2D) low cost, Augmented-Video-based-Portable-Systems (AVPS) (Kinovea, SiliconCoach Pro, SiliconCoach Live). Twelve right-handed golfers performed three golf swings whilst being recorded by a high-speed 2D video camera. Footage was then analysed using AVPS-software and the results compared using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There were no significant differences for swing time and the golf phase measurements between the 2D and 3D software comparisons. In general, the results showed a high Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC > 0.929) and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha (CCA > 0.924) reliability for both the kinematic and temporal parameters. The inter-rater reliability test for the swing time and kinematic golf phase measurements on average were strong. Irrespective of the AVPS software investigated, the cost effective AVPS can produce reliable output measures that benefit golf analyses.

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