scholarly journals Response of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to smut (Thecaphora frezii) in the peanut growing region of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Isaías Kearney ◽  
M. Kearney ◽  
M. Zuza ◽  
M. Ibañez ◽  
V. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Kernel Yield

Genetic resistance is the most efficient tool in crop disease management. Peanut smut is currently one of most important peanut diseases, with its incidence increasing in terms of both damage level and crop area covered. The aim of this study was to assess the response of different genotypes obtained by the Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria of the Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (Argentina) to smut and their yield. During the 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop seasons, three experimental assays were conducted in General Deheza (Córdoba province, Argentina) to evaluate the varieties Uchaima, Utré and Mapu, the advanced lines LAx-1, LAx-2, LAx-3 and LAx-4, and the cultivar Granoleico, which was used as susceptible control. Final incidence and severity of peanut smut, as well as kernel yield, were evaluated. The variety Utré and the advanced line LAx-1 exhibited the best response to smut over the three crop seasons, without differences between them, but differing significantly from the remaining genotypes. Both genotypes showed incidence below 6.8% and severity below 0.21. In the 2016/17 crop season, LAx-1 had the highest kernel yield (3791.6 kg/ha). In the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop seasons, Utré had the highest yield (1065 and 3975 kg/ha). Kernel yield of susceptible genotypes was below 2851.6 kg/ha in the 2016/17 and 2018/19 crop seasons, and below 805 kg/ha in the 2017/18 crop season. Genotypes LAx1 and Utré are resistant to peanut smut. This is the first report of a peanut commercial variety developed in Argentina (Utré) with confirmed tolerance to smut.

scholarly journals Screening Brassica Cultivars for Resistance to Western Oregon Clubroot Pathotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Aaron Heinrich ◽  
Shinji Kawai ◽  
Jim Myers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Growing resistant cultivars from the Brassicaceae family (brassicas) is an effective strategy to minimize crop loss caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). However, there are many clubroot pathotypes, and genetic resistance to clubroot may be pathotype-specific. To determine which pathotypes are present in western Oregon, diseased roots were collected from five farms and identified by the European clubroot differential (ECD) set. To assess resistance to the identified pathotypes, 21 vegetable cultivars from nine crops with purported resistance to clubroot were evaluated for disease incidence and severity in field and greenhouse studies. The crops evaluated included broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea var. gemmifera), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), pak choi (B. rapa var. chinensis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), turnip (B. rapa var. rapa), and rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica). ECD host reaction showed similar virulence among clubroot collections, and all field isolates had the same ECD pathotype designation, 16/02/30. Compared with a crop-specific susceptible control, 17 of 21 cultivars had some resistance to clubroot, and of those, 15 were highly resistant (≤15% incidence with low disease severity). This research demonstrated that western Oregon farmers have several commercially available cultivars with resistance to the dominant pathotyope in the region. However, each farmer must evaluate the suitability of these cultivars to meet consumer and industry requirements.

scholarly journals Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Lime and Different Levels of Sulphur

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
Imnatemjen Aier ◽  
◽  
D. Nongmaithem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Kernel Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University during the kharif season 2018. Groundnut variety ICGS-76 was sown @ 70 kg ha-1 for 60×20 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of two lime levels: lime @ 0 t ha-1 and lime @ 3 t ha-1 while the sub- plot treatments consisted of five sulphur levels: sulphur @ (0 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizer at 20:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 respectively in the form of diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. The results showed that application of lime @ 3 t ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to no lime and also application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to lower doses of sulphur though there was only slight increase in the attributes between each successive doses of sulphur. Overall application of lime and sulphur increased all the yield attributes of groundnut, where the highest number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 kernels weight, pod yield, kernel yield and stover yield were recorded when treatment was done with lime @ 3 t ha1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.

Peanut yield and quality variation over harvest dates, and evaluation of some maturity indices in south-eastern Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shorter ◽  
BW Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Kernel Yield

Yield and quality variations across harvest dates in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under rainfed conditions in south-eastern Queensland in 1978-79 and 1980-81 were investigated. Free arginine percentage of kernels, kernel: hull weight ratio, shell-out percentage, mean individual kernel weight and kernel moisture percentage were monitored during crop development to assess their usefulness as indices of crop maturity. For the Virginia Bunch cultivar, kernel yield ranged from 1862 kg ha-1 at 133 days after sowing (DAS) to 2432 kg ha-l at 168 DAS in 1978-79 and from 687 kg ha-l at 201 DAS to 1618 kg ha-1 at 152 DAS in 1980-81. In both years kernel yield and crop value for Virginia Bunch exhibited bimodal responses to delayed harvesting, with maximum values being obtained at about 150 and 170 DAS. These responses tended to be associated with rainfall distribution and available soil moisture during flowering. None of the maturity indices investigated was sensitive enough to detect the 2 peaks for yield or crop value and therefore would be of no use in determining optimum harvest periods for Virginia Bunch. Red Spanish and White Spanish cultivars, evaluated in 1978-79, produced average kernel yields of 1777 kg ha-l and 1535 kg ha-1 respectively. For these cultivars, differences in yield and crop value over harvest dates were not significant. Although kernel yields did not increase after 133 DAS, the decline in free arginine percentage and the increase in the kerne1:hull weight ratio during the season suggested that these indices may be useful indicators of optimum maturity for spanish-type cultivars.

Sclerotinia Blight in Georgia and Evidence for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Runner Peanuts

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Woodward ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
James R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Detached Leaflet Assay

Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) was recently identified in a commercial peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field in Appling County, GA. Symptoms were first observed on the cultivars Tifrunner and Georgia 02C. Plant inoculations and a detached leaflet assay were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the cultivars Georgia Green, Georgia 02C, Georgia 03L, AP-3, Georgia 01R, Hull, C-99R, and Tifrunner. For plant inoculations, lesion lengths were greatest for Okrun, the susceptible control, and Georgia 02C; lesion lengths for C-99R and Georgia 01R did not differ significantly from Tamspan 90, the resistant control. Georgia Green, the current commercial standard, exhibited intermediate lesion lengths. Similar results were obtained from the detached leaflet assay. These results suggest that differing levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum are available in runner cultivars used in the southeastern United States. Accepted for publication 27 March 2006. Published 31 May 2006.

Combination of Early Maturity and Leaf Spot Tolerance Within an Advanced Georgia Peanut Breeding Line1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Abstract In the past, genetic resistance to both early and late leaf spots [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidiumpersonatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton] has been found to be negatively or inversely correlated with early maturity in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). For example, the late leaf spot resistant cultivar Southern Runner is approximately 2 wk later in maturity than the susceptible Florunner cultivar. Recently, an advanced runner-type breeding line (GA T-2844) has been developed by the Georgia peanut breeding program which combines early maturity and leaf spot tolerance. For the past 3 yr (1991–1993), GA T-2844 has been evaluated in replicated field tests without fungicides. Results show that GA T-2844 has on the average >30% yield advantage and a 30-d earlier maturity than Southern Runner. Leaf spot ratings also showed GA T-2844 to be intermediate between Southern Runner and Florunner. Such a combination of early maturity and leaf spot tolerance could significantly enhance U.S. peanut production by providing an environmentally safer and efficient alternative to costly pesticides not previously available among runner-type cultivars.

scholarly journals First Report of the Green Rosette Variant of Groundnut Rosette Disease in Kenya

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Wangai ◽  
S. S. Pappu ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
N. Okoko ◽  
C. M. Deom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sub Saharan

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the major production constraints is groundnut rosette disease, which is caused by a complex of two viruses, groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus (GRAV) and groundnut rosette umbravirus (GRV) together with the associated satellite RNA (satRNA) (1). Two main forms of the disease have been described: chlorotic and the green rosette. Variants of the satRNA have been shown to be largely responsible for the different forms of the disease (1). Chlorotic rosette has been the predominant form in all of sub-Saharan Africa while green rosette has been reported in the western and southern regions of Africa (2). During the 1997-1998 crop season, disease surveys conducted in Kenya showed the incidence of the rosette disease in farmers' fields to be 24 to 40% in a total of 23 fields surveyed in the western regions of the country (Homabay, Kendubay, Kisumu) and 30% in 8 fields sampled in the Rift Valley (Cheplamus, Marigat) regions. Representative peanut plants showing rosette symptoms were analyzed for the presence of GRV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). With primers specific to a portion of ORF4 of GRV RNA (3), RT-PCR gave a product of expected size (approximately 300 bp). The PCR product was cloned in pGEM-T vector and sequenced. The sequenced region showed 89% nucleotide sequence identity with published GRV sequences. Green rosette was observed on groundnut cultivars Nyaela Red and Homabay Local in the Kendu Bay region. The incidence of the green rosette was 5.3% of the plants with rosette symptoms. References: (1) A. F. Murant and I. K. Kumar. Ann. Appl. Biol. 117:85, 1990. (2) R. A. Naidu et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 132:525, 1998. (3). M. E. Taliansky et al. J. Gen. Virol. 77:2335, 1996.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm lines and varietal set for yield and yield attributing traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushree Pramanik ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. S. Tomar ◽  
M. K. Tomar ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Genetic Assessment ◽  
Hundred Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Yield

The genetic assessment of 90 germplasm lines and six varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were done with 13 morphological traits and 125 Simple Sequence Repeats markers. Out of 125 molecular markers, 26 were polymorphic and produced 105 alleles. The genetic diversity was found to be 52-83 per cent and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.46-0.81 with a mean of 0.42 indicating higher magnitude of genetic diversity in the test genotypes. Analysis of molecular variance showed variation among and within individuals based on allelic variation. Principal Co-ordinate Analysis based on origin of the genotypes formed three major population groups and the genetic analysis determined by population structure divided all the germplasm lines in to 10 populations. Significant and positive correlation was observed between hundred kernel weight and hundred pod weight (r=0.769) and kernel yield (r=0.899); sound mature kernel and pod weight with kernel yield, weight of kernels and harvest index. Genotypes from distinct clusters may be selected in hybridization programme for groundnut improvement. The information on clustering of genotypes will be helpful in identification of novel and superior germplasm for hybridization and development of improved varieties.

Cultivar cross environment interactions for kernel yield in Virginia type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Queensland

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shorter ◽  
RJ Norman
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Release Testing ◽  
Kernel Yield

Twelve Virginia type peanut cultivars were evaluated for kernel yield at 10 sites in 1979 and nine sites in 1980 in southern and northern Queensland. Two trials, harvested 9-14 days apart, were grown at each site in 1979, resulting in a total of 29 test environments. In 1979 the cultivar x site (c x s) interaction was significant, although the cultivar x harvest date within-site interaction was not. Over all 29 environments the cultivar x environment (c x e) interaction was significant. In orthogonal sets of five sites and 2 years, cultivar x year x site interactions were significant, whereas cultivar x year and c x s interactions generally were not. Pattern analysis revealed that cultivars of dissimilar genetic origin had different productivity responses across environments. An environmental classification based on c x e interactions indicated that there were no temporal or closely related regional environment groups with similar c x e interactions. Lower critical percentage differences between new and established cultivars in a pre-release testing program would be obtained by adding environments rather than replicates, or by accepting a greater risk of misjudging a new cultivar's superiority (higher probability of type I error).

Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes under Allahabad Agro-climatic Conditions in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kamidi Vijaykumar ◽  
Prashant Kumar Rai ◽  
A. Taqui ◽  
Venkata Pavan Kumar Nalluri
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
Kernel Yield

The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the information on the performance of groundnut genotypes for quantitative and qualitative traits. The experimental design consisted of 11 groundnut genotypes (including one check) arranged in Randomized complete Block Design with three replications in the Kharif season 2014 at Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS Allahabad, Analysis of variance revealed the presence of considerable variation among the genotypes for all the characters studied. On the basis of mean performance among 11 genotypes ICG 163 was best genotype in growth like primary branches per plant (7.77), days to maturity(107.33), pod yield per plant  (17.89 g), kernel yield (21.12 q ha-1) and oil yield (997 kg  ha-1). ICG 434 and ICG 513 were the best in protein content (23.68%) and oil content (47.73%).

scholarly journals Effect Of Combined Application Of Cattle Manure And Em On The Yield And Yield Components Of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayamini H Seran ◽  
N Suthamathy
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Yield

The field experiment was conducted at the Eastern Region of Sri Lanka to evaluate the effects of cattle manure with EM soil application on the yield and yield components of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv Indi. It consisted of 10 treatments replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were five levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) of cattle manure (CM) with and without EM soil application. Air dry cattle manure was incorporated into soil two weeks before sowing and EM solution was sprayed to soil at two week intervals from flowering to maturity of the crop. All other agronomic practices were followed according to the recommendation. The results showed that the increase of cattle manure (up to 15 t/ha) combined with EM increased the number of pods, weight of pods and kernels per plant, 100-kernel weight, shelling % and total yield. Higher kernel yield (3.42 t/ha) was obtained from 15 t/ha CM + EM application. The kernel yield in the control treatment (chemical fertilizer only) was 2.78 t/ha, which was comparable to 2.81 t/ha of kernel with 15 t/ha CM application alone. This study revealed that cattle manure at the rate of 15 t/ha coupled with EM would give better yield of groundnut and it can replace chemical fertilizer use. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 1-9, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15184

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