scholarly journals Yield and Economic Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to Prohexadione Calcium in Large-Plot Trials in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scott Monfort ◽  
W.S. Monfort ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
B.L. Cresswell ◽  
E.L. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Digging Efficiency ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Enhanced Yield

Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator, has been used on virginia market type peanut cultivars for many years to manage excessive vine growth and improve digging efficiency. Prohexadione calcium has not been widely used on runner market type cultivars due to their slower growth habit and sporadic yield response at the labeled rate until recent research showed lower use rates of prohexadione calcium provided similar vine control and enhanced yield response.  Large plot experiments were conducted in Colquitt county at the Darrell Williams Research Farm on the Sun Belt Ag Expo to quantify yield and market grade quality and economics of using prohexadione calcium at 105 g a.i./ha on six runner type cultivars.  Prohexadione calcium was applied twice during the growing season.  The first application was made when 50% or greater of lateral vines from adjacent rows were touching.  A second application of each treatment was applied 14d after the first application. The runner type cultivars were Georgia-06G, Georgia-12Y, Georgia-13M, Georgia-14N, TUFRunner TM -297, and TUFRunner TM -511.  Similar large-plot experiments were conducted on farms in Baker and Early counties evaluating yield and economic response of prohexadione calcium on Georgia-06G.  A non-treated control was used in all experiments.  Prohexadione calcium increased pod yield in all experiments ranging from 450 to 650 kg/ha compared to the non-treated control with response similar across cultivars.  Prohexadione calcium reduced the dollar value per metric ton (DVMT) as a result of lowering total sound mature kernel (%TSMK) percentages up to 3 points.  The higher yields obtained for the prohexadione calcium-treated peanut provided higher gross dollar value return/ha (GDR) in all experiments and higher gross dollar value return/ha above treatment cost (GDRAT) in the on-farm trials.  Therefore, prohexadione calcium at 105 g/ha applied twice on runner market type peanut is warranted to improve yield and financial return when excessive vine growth is a concern.

scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Prohexadione Calcium

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Russell C. Nuti ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Final Experiment ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Digging Efficiency

Abstract Peanut digging efficiency is often reduced due to excessive vine growth. The plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium retards vegetative growth and improves row visibility by inhibiting internode elongation resulting in improved digging efficiency and in some instances increases in pod yield. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of prohexadione calcium on row visibility and pod yield of newly released and commercially available cultivars AT VC-2, Brantley, CHAMPS, Georgia Green, Gregory, Perry, Phillips, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Tamspan 90, and VA 98R and the breeding lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Although differences in row visibility were noted among cultivars, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility in almost every experiment regardless of cultivar. The cultivars NC 12C and Perry were more responsive to prohexadione calcium in terms of pod yield than NC-V 11 or VA 98R. Response of these cultivars was independent of digging date. In other experiments, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the cultivars AT VC-2, Gregory, NC-V 11, Perry, VA 98R, and Wilson, but did not increase yield when compared with non-treated peanut. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the Virginia market type cultivars Brantley, CHAMPS, Gregory, and Phillips and the experimental lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Row visibility for the experimental line N01013T was improved at 2 of 4 sites by prohexadione calcium. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium increased row visibility of Georgia Green, Gregory, and Tamspan 90 but did not affect pod yield of these cultivars.

scholarly journals Influence of Prohexadione Calcium Rate on Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
S.P. Studstill ◽  
W.S. Monfort ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
D.L. Jordan ◽  
A.T. Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator, is commonly used on virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to manage excessive vine growth and improve digging efficiency. However, use of prohexadione calcium on runner market type cultivars has been minimal. The objective of this research was to evaluate prohexadione calcium on virginia and runner market type peanut cultivars at multiple rates in small-plot (17 site years) and on-farm (5 site years) experiments. Applications of prohexadione calcium were at the manufacturer's recommended use rate of 140 g a.i./ha (1x), 105 g a.i /ha (0.75x), and 70 g a.i /ha (0.5x) rates. A non-treated control was also included in all experiments. Cultivar and treatment responses were evaluated based on mainstem height, yield, total sound mature kernels, and return on investment. Plants treated with prohexadione calcium had greater row definition based on a 1-10 row visibility rating scale. Plant main stem heights were often shortened when prohexadione calcium was applied compared to the control, although response varied by location and by year. Average mainstem heights were 26 cm for non-treated plots and 23 cm for prohexadione calcium treated plots across all virginia market type small plot experiments. Prohexadione calcium did not significantly increase yield at any rate in any small plot experiments regardless of rate. Reduced rates of prohexadione calcium significantly increased yield in all the large on-farm experiments compared to the control. Yield increases ranged from 453 to 731 kg/ha for all prohexadione calcium treatments compared to the control across all large plot on-farm experiments. The greatest return on investment was the 0.75x rate resulting in an increase in revenue of $210 ha−1. With an increase in yield and return on investment in all large plot on-farm experiments and not in small plot experiments no matter the market type, it is assumed that the growth and yield response to prohexadione calcium may be more pronounced where soil variability is greater, affecting growth, digging, and yield potential. Prohexadione calcium can be beneficial in virginia market type and runner market type peanut cultivars to decrease vine growth and increase yield.

Peanut Response to Prohexadione Calcium as Affected by Cultivar and Digging Date

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Culpepper ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
R. B. Batts ◽  
A. C. York
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract An experiment at two locations in 1995 and two locations in 1996 evaluated virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to the growth regulator prohexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) as affected by cultivars and digging dates. Prohexadione calcium at 140 g ai/ha was applied at row closure and again 3 wk later in 1995 or 140 g/ha at row closure and 70 g/ha 3 and 6 wk later in 1996. The cultivars AgraTech (AT) VC-1, NC 9, NC 10C, NC 12C, NC-V11, and VA-C92R were dug on three separate dates approximately 11d apart. Response to prohexadione calcium was independent of digging dates. Prohexadione calcium altered canopy architecture and increased row visibility at harvest for all cultivars although the response was greatest with NC-V 11 and least with NC 9. Prohexadione calcium hastened pod maturity, increased percentages of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, and fancy pods, and increased peanut value/kg irrespective of cultivars and digging dates. Yield response to prohexadione calcium was cultivar dependent. NC 9 was most responsive, with yield increased 7 to 16% at all locations. Yields of ATVC-1, NC 10C, NC 12C, and NC-V 11 were increased 9 to 15% at two locations and unaffected at two locations. VA-C 92R was the least responsive, with yield increased 5% at two locations and decreased 8% at two locations.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Cyclanilide and Prohexadione Calcium

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
J. B. Beam ◽  
J. E. Lanier ◽  
S. H. Lancaster ◽  
P. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract Excessive growth of Virginia market-type peanut affects row visibility and pod yield of peanut. Ten experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in North Carolina to compare peanut response to cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium applied at 50% row closure followed by a repeat application 2 wk later. Cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium increased row visibility in all experiments. Main stem height was shorter at the end of the season when cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium were applied compared with non-treated peanut in all experiments except one. Prohexadione calcium improved row visibility compared with cyclanilide in three experiments and equaled cyclanilide in seven experiments. Main stem height was similar following application of cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium in eight of the 10 experiments. When pooled over experiments, pod yield ranged from 4210 to 4480 kg/ha and did not differ between non-treated peanut and peanut treated with either plant growth regulator. However, prohexadione calcium did increase pod yield of peanut compared with cyclanilide. Results indicate that cyclanilide is not as effective as prohexadione calcium in managing peanut vine growth because of inconsistent enhancement of row visibility and possible negative impacts on pod yield.

Influence of Application Variables on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Prohexadione Calcium

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Russell C. Nuti ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract Prohexadione calcium retards peanut vegetative vine growth, improves row visibility, and potentially reduces pod shed, thus increasing pod yield compared with non-treated peanut. Although prohexadione calcium has been registered for use in peanut for the past decade, practitioners continue to express a range of questions about use including banded application, compatibility with other agrichemcials, and interactions of application rate and timing. In experiments over multiple years, applying prohexadione calcium to lateral branches only of peanut increased row visibility compared with banded applications over main stems or broadcast applications over the entire peanut canopy. Similarly, when using different spray nozzle configurations, greater row visibility was noted when the highest rate of prohexadione calcium was applied over lateral branches compared with broadcast applications of a uniform rate across all spray nozzles or when the highest rate was delivered to main stems. Delaying the first of two sequential applications of prohexadione calcium 1 wk after 50% row closure resulted in reduced row visibility regardless of application rate when compared with sequential applications initiated at 50% row closure. Applying prohexadione calcium within 2 to 3 wks prior to digging and vine inversion resulted in minor increases in improved row visibility and did not affect pod yield. Efficacy of prohexadione calcium was not affected by tank mixing with pyraclostrobin or 2,4-DB.

Southern Stem Rot Suppression On Peanut With The Insecticide Chlorpyrifos1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
R. B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
One Year ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Chlorpyrifos 15G(2.24 kg a.i./ha), PCNB 10G (11.2 kg a.i./ha), and PCNB 10G + chlorpyrifos 15G(11.2 + 2.24 kg a.i./ha) were compared for the suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on peanut in on-farm trials on nine farms over three years (1982–1984). Chlorpyrifos, PCNB, and PCNB + chlorpyrifos significantly reduced loci counts all three years. PCNB + chlorpyrifos generally gave the best stem rot suppression and yield response, but there was little difference in disease loci counts between chlorpyrifos and PCNB. PCNB significantly increased yield over the control two years while chlorpyrifos increased yield only one year.

scholarly journals QTL architecture of vine growth habit and gibberellin oxidase gene diversity in wild soybean (Glycine soja)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruikai Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Jiejie Kong ◽  
Zhiyong Xu ◽  
Javaid Akhter Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Vine Growth

Optimizing Fertilizer Use and Practical Rainfall Capture in a Semi-Arid Environment with Variable Rainfall

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Piha
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
High Yields ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Semi Arid

SummaryFertilizer use in the semi-arid tropics is considered risky because of the unreliable rainfall pattern. A flexible system of fertilization was devised which allowed for high yields in wet years, and reduced financial losses in dry years. Relatively immobile nutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, were applied at rates determined from generalized soil properties and the total nutrient uptake required for a crop to achieve its maximum yield potential in a season with average rainfall. Nitrogen was applied as a series of split applications, which were adjusted during the season according to the degree of water stress observed. This approach was tested in on-farm trials for maize production on nutrient-poor sandy soils in three regions of Zimbabwe, and resulted in larger yields and profits than current recommendations, providing an accept able level of financial return. Small further yield increases were possible, at acceptable returns, when these fertilizer practices were combined with the establishment of tied-ridges by ox-drawn implements, 30 days after planting. By careful estimation of yield potential, and appropriate adjustments to soil fertility, this system of soil management could be applied to other cropping situations and other areas with variable rainfall.Uso de fertilizantes para condiciones de precitación variable

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