scholarly journals A Linguistic Profile of Narrative Speech in Early and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-58
Author(s):  
Eda Can ◽  
Gülmira Kuruoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Turkish Patients

Objective. Alzheimer’s Dementia is defined as multiple impairments in cognitive functions and language impairment is one of the observed problems in this disease. In order to analyse these problems, narrative speech transcriptions of Turkish patients with early and late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and an age/education-matched control group were examined. Materials & Methods. By using different language tests, the sentence production of Turkish patients with early (n: 23) and late-onset (n: 39) was examined and the results were compared within groups and within language tests. Our aim was to reveal the differences in sentence processing of Turkish Alzheimer patients. Results. According to the results, Turkish Alzheimer patients use short and simple sentences composed of fewer words in their speech. It was determined that these patients performed better in Picnic Picture Description test, which is thought to be easy to describe. In Cookie Theft Picture Description test, which is a complex one, and in the Subject-based Narration test, it was found that the speech amounts of AD patients were less. It was revealed that early-onset AD patients used shorter sentences including fewer words compared to late-onset AD patients. Conclusion. In the light of the data obtained, it can be said that AD patients have different sentence processing than normal individuals because of the problems in the language and memory areas of the disease. The fact that sentence processing is different means that these patients do not prefer the types of sentences that normal individuals prefer in their speeches, and use less words and simpler sentences.

Language use of patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease: An analysis of basic sentences

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Eda Can ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu ◽  
Sumru Ozsoy ◽  
Gorsev Yener
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Picture Description

Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common cause of dementia, has two subtypes: early-onset and late-onset AD. Early-onset AD affects people younger than age 65 and memory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, executive dysfunction and language problems are relatively more common on patients with early-onset AD. Based on the language disturbances, the aim of this study is to examine basic sentences of patients with early-onset AD by using four different language tests and to compare all the results with a control group. Considering the power analyses, 23 patients with early-onset AD from Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and an age/education-matched control group are included in this study. The data were analyzed using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. It was found that patients with early-onset AD used more basic sentences in Random Speech test compared to the control group. The other finding was about the nominal and the verbal sentences. It was revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the patients with early-onset AD and the control group in terms of nominal sentences in the Picnic Picture description test, Cookie Theft Picture description test and the Story Picture Sequencing test. In terms of verbal sentences, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and the control group in all language tests. In conclusion, the syntactic ability is preserved in AD. However, working memory problems can make the syntactic processing worse. Due to this process, patients with early-onset AD tend to use basic sentence structures more frequently Keywords: alzheimer, early-onset alzheimer’s disease, basic sentences, nominal sentences, verbal sentences.

scholarly journals FDG and Amyloid PET in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Murray ◽  
Wai H. Tsui ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Pauline McHugh ◽  
Schantel Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Normal Individuals

Interleukin-1α –889 C/T Polymorphism in Turkish Patients with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdinç Dursun ◽  
Duygu Gezen-Ak ◽  
Turan Ertan ◽  
Başar Bilgiç ◽  
Hakan Gürvit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Turkish Patients

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIANTS RELATED TO LIPID METABOLISM AS A RISK FACTOR TO LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Pinhel ◽  
A.M. Crestani ◽  
G.F. Sousa-Amorim ◽  
M.L. Gregório ◽  
J.C. Cação ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Genotypic Combination ◽  
And Control

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in genes regulating cholesterol metabolism have been suggested to risk factor of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms apolipoprotein E (APOE-HhaI) and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1-StyI) in patients with late-onset AD. Design: case-control study. Participants: We studied 166 subjects (≥65 years old): Study Group (SG)- 88 patients and Control Group (CG)- 88 without dementia. Setting: The polymorphisms were determined using the polymorphism chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. It was applied Fisher's exact/chi-square tests (P<0.05). Results: Genotypes with APOE*4 prevailed in SG. The genotypic combination between APOE-HhaI and ABCA1-StyI polymorphisms showed a prevalence of heterozygous genotypes of risk for AD. Conclusion: Although genetic variants for ABCA1-StyI alone does not differentiate patients and controls, the G allele in synergy with APOE*4 allele is highlighted in patients suggesting the influence of ABCA1 in the disease.

Familial Patterns of Risk in Very Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Silverman ◽  
C. J. Smith ◽  
D. B. Marin ◽  
R. C. Mohs ◽  
C. B. Propper
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Familial Patterns

Discourse characteristics of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease: Analysis of a picture description task and a procedural explanation task.

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Rumi Honda ◽  
Harumi Matuura ◽  
Yoko Takatuki ◽  
Toshiko S. Watamori ◽  
Noriko Kamakura
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Disease Analysis

Exploring the Role of Aggregated Proteomes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1173
Author(s):  
Siju Ellickal Narayanan ◽  
Nikhila Sekhar ◽  
Rajalakshmi Ganesan Rajamma ◽  
Akash Marathakam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
T Tau

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder and one of the most common causes of dementia and death. AD can be of two types; early-onset and late-onset, where late-onset AD occurs sporadically while early-onset AD results from a mutation in any of the three genes that include amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN 1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN 2). Biologically, AD is defined by the presence of the distinct neuropathological profile that consists of the extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the form of diffuse neuritic plaques, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads; in dystrophic neuritis, consisting of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Elevated levels of (Aβ), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (ptau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have become an important biomarker for the identification of this neurodegenerative disease. The aggregation of Aβ peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein initiates a series of events that involve inflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation and its deposition, in addition to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration, ultimately resulting in dementia. The current review focuses on the role of proteomes in the pathogenesis of AD.

Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Sharifa Hasana ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md. Siddiqul Islam ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Ε4 Allele

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and this complex disorder is associated with environmental as well as genetic components. Early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD, more common) are major identified types of AD. The genetics of EOAD is extensively understood with three genes variants such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 leading to disease. On the other hand, some common alleles including APOE are effectively associated with LOAD identified but the genetics of LOAD is not clear to date. It has been accounted that about 5% to 10% of EOAD patients can be explained through mutations in the three familiar genes of EOAD. The APOE ε4 allele augmented the severity of EOAD risk in carriers, and APOE ε4 allele was considered as a hallmark of EOAD. A great number of EOAD patients, who are not genetically explained, indicate that it is not possible to identify disease- triggering genes yet. Although several genes have been identified through using the technology of next-generation sequencing in EOAD families including SORL1, TYROBP, and NOTCH3. A number of TYROBP variants were identified through exome sequencing in EOAD patients and these TYROBP variants may increase the pathogenesis of EOAD. The existence of ε4 allele is responsible for increasing the severity of EOAD. However, several ε4 allele carriers live into their 90s that propose the presence of other LOAD genetic as well as environmental risk factors that are not identified yet. It is urgent to find out missing genetics of EOAD and LOAD etiology to discover new potential genetics facets which will assist to understand the pathological mechanism of AD. These investigations should contribute to developing a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating, reversing and preventing AD. This article based on current knowledge represents the overview of the susceptible genes of EOAD, and LOAD. Next, we represent the probable molecular mechanism which might elucidate the genetic etiology of AD and highlight the role of massively parallel sequencing technologies for novel gene discoveries.

Alzheimer’s Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Micera ◽  
Luca Bruno ◽  
Andrea Cacciamani ◽  
Mauro Rongioletti ◽  
Rosanna Squitti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Aged People

Background: Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation and amyloid formations. Method: In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Conclusion: Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.

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