scholarly journals THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF GRANULAR BIOFUEL OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT METHODS OF ACTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
T.V. Korinchevska ◽  
V.A. Mykhailyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Wood Sawdust

The article considers the effect of the granulometric composition of pine wood sawdust and granulation modes on the thermal decomposition of biofuel. Mechanical activation and thermal activation of raw materials before pressing were used in the study. Thermal decomposition of granular fuel was carried out by the methods of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The temperature ranges of dehydration, thermal decomposition of organic and mineral substances, moisture and ash content of the fuel have been determined. The rates of thermal decomposition of organic substances in granular fuel were also determined. The thermal effects of thermal decomposition of the granule samples were compared. It is registered that the equilibrium moisture content of granules obtained after thermal activation of the raw material is lower than that for granules made by cold pressing. This is indirect evidence of their increased density. It has been determined that most of the heat of thermal decomposition of organic substances in granular fuels is released in the high-temperature period at a decomposition rate of 1,12 to 1,37 % dry matter per minute. It was revealed that the thermal effect of thermal decomposition of granules depends on the fractional composition of the ground raw materials. This may be due to the difference in the chemical composition of the fractions. The analysis of obtained results made it possible to determine that the mechanical activation of raw materials increases the average rate of granule decomposition, and thermal activation reduces it. That is, the mechanical activation of raw materials has a positive effect on the thermal decomposition process. Grinding wood sawdust to particles smaller than 0,2 mm can lead to partial destruction of complex macromolecular compounds (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin). Thus, this leads to a decrease in the degree of intermolecular interaction and intensification of the decomposition process.

Effect of mechanically activated raw materials on β-sialon formation by combustion synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2863-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Sivakumar ◽  
Kazuhiko Aoyagi ◽  
Tomohiro Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Time

The influence of different raw material mixtures on β-sialon (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z, 1 ⩽ z ⩽ 4) formation through mechanical activation coupled combustion synthesis (MA-CS) was investigated in low nitriding atmosphere of 1 MPa without diluent inclusions. The MA-CS performed for the first time on sialon raw materials with milling time of 18 min obtained sialons more than three times as pure as those obtained by CS of mixtures ball milled to 1 h (z = 3). The starting materials containing silicon, aluminum, and alumina (z = 4) after MA-CS had an increment of sialon amounts up to 88 mass%.

scholarly journals The Effect of The Addition of Promoting Microbes (PROMI) In Making Media of Pleurotus ostreatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Karmila ◽  
Ira Taskirawati ◽  
Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

In making oyster mushroom growing media, one of the stages that must pass is composting of growing media (baglog). At this stage, it takes a week or more to compile the media, so the media is ready to be inoculated by the fungus. This long composting time, economically slow down production in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Thus, using an activator to speed up the composting process is often done. During this time, the most widely used activators to shorten composting time is Effective Microorganism (EM4). In this study, another type of activator with the same function as EM4 was tried, namely Promoting Microbes (PROMI). The purpose of this study to determine the effect (dose) compromise on the making of oyster mushroom growing media to mycelium growth time, pinhead growth time; harvest time; the number of the fruiting body, and the weight of fresh mushrooms.  The raw material used candlenut wood sawdust (Aleurites moluccana Willd) in the making of media. The method used in this study is the making of growing media, composting, sterilization, inoculation of the fungus, and maintenance. Growing media consisted of sawn wood sawdust, PROMI, bran, CaSO4, CaCO3, and water. The treatment used is the addition of compromise to the growing media before composting. The doses of PROMI given are as follows: 0 g (P1); 0.25 g (P2); 0.5 g (P3), and 0.75 g (P4), each of which dissolved in 200 ml of water. This study's results indicate that different PROMI when mixing raw materials influences the time of mycelium closure in growing media and the time of harvesting mushroom fruit bodies. For the time of mycelial closing, giving as much as 0.5 g, PROMI has different control effects.  The provision of PROMI as much as 0.5 g and 0.75 g also influences the control in terms of harvest time.

scholarly journals Utilization of Delignified Sawdust as Raw Material of Biogas Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfarina Zumalla ◽  
Budiyono ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
The Right

Biogas is one alternative to replace the irreplaceable energy source that has begun to diminish its existence. The raw materials for biogas manufacture are renewable biomass, usually using plantation waste, agriculture, and livestock. Using biogas can also reduce environmental pollution. One of the agricultural waste that has great potential to become the raw material of biogas is teak sawdust. Wood processing industry in Indonesia quite a lot, but wood has a high lignosesluosa content, so it needs the right method to process it. With the delignification of lignin levels on teak sawdust will decrease. Wood sawdust is soaked using NaOH for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days with 4% w / v concentration. The lowest lignin and hemicellulose content was 25.79% and 87.9% in pretreatment for 4 days, while the highest cellulose level was 57, 34%. The accumulated volume of biogas at 1 day pretreatment, ie 709 ml / g TS. Gcms shows the enlarged peak area of methanamine, N-methyl from before pretreatment. The fastest biogas formation (λ) in 4 days pretreatment, 1.60403 days and the largest constant A and U variables at 1 day were 914.5903 ml / g TS and 34.59765 ml / g TS.

scholarly journals Optimization of Decomposition Process of Karatau Phosphorites

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
B. Myrzakhmetova ◽  
U. Besterekov ◽  
I. Petropavlovsky ◽  
S. Ahnazarova ◽  
V. Kiselev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Variance Estimate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Time

Phosphorous-acid process of Karatau phosphorites’ decomposition has been studied. The impact of temperature, time and acid rate on decomposition process of phosphate raw material, the conditions ensuring maximum degree of phosphorite decomposition have been identified. Variance estimate of experiment results’ reproducibility has been carried out by mathematical statistics method; the coefficients of regression equations have been set. The significance of regression equation coefficients has been checked up by Student’s criterion, and the adequacy of regression equation to experiment has been checked up by Fisher's criterion. With the use of utopian point method the parameters of studied raw materials’ decomposition have been optimized.

scholarly journals Investigation of thermal decomposition process of finely divided carbonate raw materials and some properties of the roasting product

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4(25)) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Инна Вячеславовна Питак ◽  
Валерий Павлович Шапорев ◽  
Михаил Ильич Васильев
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Process

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

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