RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

scholarly journals Rheological and Microbiological Characteristics of Hops and Hot Trub Particles Formed during Beer Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Monika Sterczyńska ◽  
Marek Zdaniewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Post Process ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Beer Production

During the production of beer, and especially beer wort, the main wastes are spent grain and hot trub, i.e., the so-called “hot break.” Combined with yeast after fermentation, they represent the most valuable wastes. Hot trub is also one of the most valuable by-products. Studies on the chemical composition of these sediments and their rheological properties as waste products will contribute to their effective disposal and even further use as valuable pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. So far, hot trub has been studied for morphology and particle distribution depending on the raw material composition and beer wort extract. However, there are no preliminary studies on the rheological properties of hot trub and hops. In particular, no attention has yet been paid to the dependence of these properties on the hop variety or different protein sources used. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different hopping methods on hot trub viscosity and beer wort physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the hop solutions were measured at different temperatures. A microbiological analysis of hop sediments was also performed to determine the post-process survival of selected microorganisms in these wastes. For manufacturers of pumps used in the brewing industry, the most convenient material is that of the lowest viscosity. Low viscosity hot trub can be removed at lower velocities, which reduces costs and simplifies washing and transport. The sediments also had similar equilibrium viscosity values at high shear rates.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

Cerâmica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (351) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. P. Faria ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals Construction sands of Podillya: patterns of distribution, resources and use

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-519
Author(s):  
M. Syvyj ◽  
B. Gavrychok
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Further Development

This article presents the characteristics of the resource base of building sands within the three Podillya regions, the patterns of sands distribution, and proposals for increasing the extraction of raw materials . The construction sands of Podillya are confined to the Upper Cretaceous, Neogene and Anthropogenicdeposits. The decrease of the thickness of the sandy strata of the Opilsk Neogene suite in the eastern direction was observed with the simultaneous increase in the thickness of the overlapping strata of the rocks. There is no apparent correlation between the thickness of sandy interlayers and the quality of sands. The interdependence of the chemical composition of Neogene sands and the sand size module is established.The genetic predisposition for the distribution of building sands in different parts of the Podillya territory has been established. Four groups of sand deposits of different age have been identified within the Podillya regions, which contrast sharply with single deposits in the neighbouring territories.There is a very uneven distribution of explored reserves of sandy raw materials across the region and accordingly in the provision of construction sands in the different oblasts /regions of Podillya. The areas best provided with sandy raw materials are the central districts of Ternopil region and Slavutsky district of Khmelnytsky region . Sands of the Baltic stage distributed in Vinnytsia region are mostly poor in quality, clogged with clay material and require enrichment. The further development of the mineral raw material base and the prospects for increasing the production of construction sand in the Podillya regions is associated with the increase in production at the prepared deposits, the commissioning of reserve deposits, the conducting of prospecting and exploration work in the proposed potentially exploitable areas and additional exploration of individual deposits that are exploited. The research allows us to evaluate objectively the existing base of sand raw materials for various purposes in the Podillya region and to develop on this basis measures to increase it. The importance of the study is determined by the acute shortage of the raw material in most administrative districts of Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia regions, by the growth in the volume of construction work (and accordingly the requirements for sandy raw materials) both in Podillya and in the country.

scholarly journals Prediction of Low-Temperature Rheological Properties of SBS Modified Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
Liang Song
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

The extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) was used to quickly predict the low-temperature rheological properties of styrenic block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt through the properties of the raw materials. In this work, one hundred groups of survey data and test data were collected and analyzed. Fourteen vital raw material parameters, such as chemical composition indexes of matrix asphalt and technical indexes of SBS modifier, were selected as the input parameter. The stiffness modulus and m-value of SBS modified asphalt were taken as the output parameter. Then, the GA-ELM prediction model of low-temperature rheological properties was established. According to comparison and analysis with other prediction models, the accuracy and output stability of the GA-ELM prediction model were verified. The results show that the GA-ELM model had obvious accuracy and efficiency. It can be used to predict the low-temperature rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt. Compared with the traditional prediction models, the error of the GA-ELM model was reduced by 68.97–81.48%.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Rheological Properties of Plant Proteins from Various Sources for Extrusion Applications

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Patrick Wittek ◽  
Goeran Walther ◽  
Heike P. Karbstein ◽  
M. Azad Emin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Protein Rich

Plant proteins in foods are becoming increasingly popular with consumers. However, their application in extruded products remains a major challenge, as the various protein-rich raw materials (e.g., from different plant origins) exhibit very different material properties. In particular, the rheological properties of these raw materials have a distinct influence on the extrusion process and must be known in order to be able to control the process and adjust the product properties. In this study, process-relevant rheological properties of 11 plant-based protein-rich raw materials (differing in plant origin, protein content, and manufacturer) are determined and compared. The results demonstrate distinct differences in the rheological properties, even when plant origin and protein content are identical. Time sweeps reveal not only large differences in development of viscosity over time, but also in magnitude of viscosity (up to 15-fold difference). All materials exhibit gel behaviour and strain thinning behaviour in the strain sweeps, whereas their behaviour in the non-linear viscoelastic range differs greatly. Typical relaxation behaviour of viscoelastic materials could be observed in the stress relaxation tests for all materials. Comparison of the maximum achieved shear stress, which correlates with the elastic properties, reveals an up to 53‑fold difference. The results of this study could serve as a starting point for adapting raw material selection and composition to process and product design requirements and help to meet the challenge of applying plant-based proteins in food extrusion.

Сравнительный анализ физико-механических свойств природных материалов, применяемых в качестве загрузки фильтров

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strelkov ◽  
P. Bykova ◽  
M. Gridneva ◽  
E. Dvorianinova
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Pass Through

Приведены результаты исследования физико-механических свойств фильтрующих материалов дробленого керамзита объемной насыпной массой 525 и 555 кг/м3 и Диамикс АКВА объемной насыпной массой 670 кг/м3. Сырьем для производства керамзита служат легковспучивающие глины определенного химического и минерального состава, для Диамикс АКВА материал на основе природного диатомита, в состав которого входят экзоскелеты диатомовых водорослей. Содержание оксидов в Диамикс АКВА : SiO2 не менее 83, Al2O3 не более 6 и Fe2O3 не более 3,5. На фильтрующий материал Диамикс АКВА имеется свидетельство о государственной регистрации. Результаты исследований показали, что новый фильтрующий материал на основе Диамикс АКВА может быть использован для загрузки вновь строящихся фильтровальных сооружений. Для регенерации фильтрующей загрузки необходима повышенная интенсивность промывки, что требует проверки пропускной способности дренажно-распределительной системы фильтров для пропуска повышенного расхода воды.The results of the study of physicomechanical properties of filtering materials crushed expanded clay with a bulk density of 525 and 555 kg/m3 and Diamix AQUA with a bulk density of 670 kg/m3 are presented. Easy upheaving clays of a certain chemical and mineral composition serve as raw materials for expanded clay production, for Diamix AQUA production raw material based on natural diatomite that includes exoskeletons of diatoms is used. Oxide concentration in Diamix AQUA is: SiO2 more than 83, Al2O3 less than 6 and Fe2O3 less than 3.5. Diamix AQUA filtering material has a National Registration Certificate. The research results showed that the new filtering material based on Diamix AQUA can be used as media for newly constructed filtration facilities. To regenerate the filter media, an increased backwashing rate is needed, which requires checking the throughput of the filter drainage and distribution system to pass through the increased water flow rate.

Basic Approaches to Green Production of Board Wood Composite Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
V.P. Tishchenko ◽  
L.P. Mayorova ◽  
O.M. Morina
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Basic Approaches

Deep processing of wood raw materials is the main field of its use. The forecast of timber industry development provides deep chemical processing and start-up of board materials production. In the available forest reserves the share of pulpwood and forestry engineering raw materials is up to 13 per cent. Some measures will contribute to settle the problems of increasing wood raw material complex use and green production of board wood composite materials. They include the improvement of existing technologies and implementation of progressive technologies and systems increasing the volume and quality of board output. One of the main directions will be the maximum possible use of all components of raw materials, when some production wastes are the raw material for the manufacture of new products. This will provide the balance in efficient environmental management. The priority will be given to creation of a relatively closed cycle of wood resources use. Particularly promising in achieving a balance of economic and environmental interests of society will be obtaining of cheap boards capable to be not worse than solid wood with minimum cost of natural resources and preservation of individual properties of each component.

scholarly journals The influence of polymer addition on flexural strength, fracture mode and porosity of traditional ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Rajnovic ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Leposava Sidjanin ◽  
Miroslava Radeka ◽  
Snezana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Shaping Procedure ◽  
Traditional Ceramics

The usage of an air-swept milling of raw materials is the most efficient method for preventing the negative lime-blowing process of ceramic roofing tiles. However, after air-swept milling the clay minerals lose water which has to be returned back before the shaping procedure. Addition of surface active materials could increase hidrophilicity of the raw material and reduce needed time for re-wetting trough the control of meso, micro and nano porosity of the clay material. In view of that, the object of this research was to study the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG600) on porosity, mechanical properties and fracture surface characteristics of traditional ceramic materials. It was founded that with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG600) to traditional clay materials it is possible to achieve desired porosity, from meso, trough micro and up to nano, without degrading the mechanical properties of the final products.

scholarly journals Features of growth and development of species of the genus Echinacea Moench under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
L. A. Logvinenko ◽  
O. M. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Flowering Rhythm

The results of an introduction study of five species of the genus Echinacea Moench ( Echinacea angustifolia DC., E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., E. paradoxa (Nort.) Britt., E. tennesseensis (Breadle) Small and E. purpurea (L.). Moench) are presented in the collection of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The features of the passage of phenophases, heat supply, economically important features (productivity, raw material structure) were studied. It has been established that under the conditions of introduction, the studied species go through all phases of development and form complete seeds. The sums of active temperatures (≥10˚С) necessary for the species to pass through the phenophases are revealed and it is shown that the minimum limit values are characteristic for different species at different stages of growth and development. The minimum heat threshold for entering the flowering phase is set for E. tennesseensis , and in the phase of fruiting and seed maturation for E. pallida . The required sum of active temperatures for the mass budding phase of E. purpurea is 1021 ˚С, and mass flowering is 1749 ˚С. The longest flowering period under the conditions of the Southern Coast is characterized by E. tennesseensis - 65 days, the shortest E. pallida - 38 days. According to the flowering rhythm, the studied species are subdivided into late spring-early summer ( E. pallida , E. tennesseensis , E. angustifolia ) and mid-late summer ( E. paradoxa and E. purpurea ). The most full-bodied seeds are formed by E. paradoxa (1000 seeds weight 5.48 ± 0.05 g). The most promising species for productivity of aerial mass is E. purpurea (2.06 kg / m²). E. tennesseensis , occupying the second place in productivity, has the most valuable structural composition of medicinal raw materials, in which stems account for only 65% of the permissible norm (55.0%).

Extension of Raw Material Base for Ceramic Building Bricks Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Lupandina ◽  
N.Yu. Kiryushina ◽  
E.V. Porozhnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Ceramic Building

The purpose of the paper is to determine the possibility of using water purification slime as a raw material in the production of ceramic building brick. The spectrophotometric, power dispersing, atomic and absorption methods of research and biotesting were used. The possibility of using the water purifying slime as a pore-forming component is proved by the production of ceramsite brick. The optimum amount of the component of water purification slime to the main raw materials has been established. The small level of heavy metals leaching from the received construction material has been experimentally proved. The article can be of interest to the experts in the field of creating new construction materials using the production wastes and sewage purifying.

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