UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

scholarly journals Fermented drinks of HippophaeRhamnoides as a way of innovative development of agriculture in Altai region

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Evgeny Rozhnov ◽  
Marina Schkolnikova ◽  
Vladimir Popov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Ascorbic Acids

One of the technological innovations nowadays is the development of industrial processing of agricultural raw material, manufacturing process leading to lower risks – «Low/No/Reduced» and «Better-for-you». This may be done by light processing of raw materials and use of traditional technologies, i.e. fermentation of craft beverages by natural symbiotic cultures Oryzamycesindichiand Medusomycesgisevi (kombucha). The recent years saw a worldwide interest to a horticultural crop called Hippophaerhamnoides (sea-buckthorn) as it is eco-friendly and healthful. Its fruits have a special smell and taste, are reach in carotene, carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acids, polyphenols. The composition is the reason why it is used for foodstuff, i.e. pastry, dairy products, unclarified juice. Production of beverages fermented by natural symbiotic cultures and local orchard products is a new direction in Russia. The supplies are limited which means that the research is relevant. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of usage ofjuice of Hippophaerhamnoides fruits in the new technology of soft drinks production fermented by Oryzamycesindichi and Medusomycesgisevi. A single nutritious substrate for Oryzamycesindichi and Medusomycesgisevi symbiotic cultures cultivation was proved impossible to be produced. Still the possibility to replace polyphenols of the Medusomycesgisevi by those of the sea-buckthorn juice must be analyzed.Sea-buckthorn juice added in a culture medium fermented by Oryzamycesindichi and Medusomycesgisevi symbiotic cultures increases biosynthetic activity of acidforming bacteria. This tangibly improves organoleptic properties of the fermented soft beverages produced. Besides, the technology of Oryzamycesindichi and Medusomycesgisevi production presupposes no clarification which makes the process of the Hippophaerhamnoides use significantly easier. The research helped to identify that the sea-buckthorn juice used in a must fermented by Medusomycesgisevi has many advantages. Namely more comprehensive utilization of carbohydrate, a higher level of reduction of organic acids, and decrease of the time of technological process (24 hours less).

Mintell4EU – Mineral Intelligence for Europe – a GeoERA project to improve and sustain the European raw materials knowledge base.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whitehead ◽  
Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen ◽  
Mikael Pedersen ◽  
Teresa Brown ◽  
Špela Kumelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The United Nations

<p>There is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date, reliable and harmonised cross-border information on raw materials to improve resource efficiency across Europe. The Mintell4EU project builds on the achievements of previous projects such as Minerals4EU, ProSUM and Minventory to deliver data on the spatial distribution, production, trade, resource potential and levels of exploration activity to support decision making in government and industry.</p><p>The project has four principle components. The first component involves updating production, trade and exploration statistical data within the electronic European minerals yearbook. The second component includes extending the spatial coverage and improvement of spatial data quality within the Minerals4EU database. The third component will demonstrate how the application of the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) will provide a tool that can be used to more accurately assess European mineral inventories. The final component involves consolidating the electronic European minerals yearbook into the Minerals4EU database used for external systems such as the European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI) and the Joint Research Center’s Raw Materials Information System (RMIS). Another important goal of the project is to create a sustainable platform for raw materials.</p><p>The project works in collaboration with other GeoERA projects within the theme of raw materials such as FRAME and the GeoERA Information Platform Project (GIP-P). This collaboration is critical in ensuring data harmonisation across projects, regions and focus areas. Improvements in the quality and availability of data that are available through the web portal on the project home page https://geoera.eu/projects/mintell4eu7/ have already been achieved. Work will continue on improving the availability and relevance of raw material data throughout the remainder of the project. This will lead to improved foresight of the raw material supply situation and potential of Europe within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</p><p>This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166</p>

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Pomace of Siberian Beet and Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kozhemayko ◽  
Irina Sergeeva ◽  
Irina Dolgolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Industrial Processing

Introduction. With the development of the food and processing industry, the matter of environmental pollution is becoming more and more acute. Environmental protection is based on the principle of rational use of natural resources and sustainable technology. Vegetable pomace is a secondary raw material; its amount depends on the production technology and equipment. The observed positive trend in the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground can increase the number of vegetable processing enterprises and the capacity of existing enterprises. Eventually, waste will start accumulating at processing sites, and it will have to be used as raw materials. The present paper features the content of biologically active substances in pomace of carrots and beets grown on the territory of the Siberian region and introduces options for their further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The research featured carrot pomace of the varieties Losinoostrovskaya, Nantskaya, and Queen of Autumn, as well as beet pomace of varieties Cylinder and Bordeaux. All the samples were harvested in the Kemerovo region in 2019. Determination of physical and chemical parameters was carried out using standard methods. Carotenoids, flavonoids, β-cyanine were studied using spectrometry and photocolorimetric method. Results and discussion. The experiment featured the content of bioactive substances in pomace of carrots and beets obtained during industrial processing. The content of carotenoids in carrots (mg of β-carotene per 100 g of dry weight): for Losinoostrovskaya variety – 23.56 ± 0.23; Nantskaya – 25.32 ± 0.18; Queen of Autumn – 20.78 ± 0.25. Flavonoid content (mg of catechol equivalent per 100 g of dry weight): Losinoostrovskaya – 12.02 ± 0.37; Nantskaya – 13.45 ± 0.56; Queen of Autumn – 11.50 ± 0.48. The content of β-cyanine in beets (mg per 100 g of dry weight): Cylinder – 100.0 ± 8.5; Bordeaux – 35.0 ± 1.8. The nutritional value of carrot and beet pomace with a mass fraction of moisture was 10%. The nutritional value of vegetable pomace is due to the high content of dietary fiber; therefore, the raw materials can be considered for functional food production. The content of biologically active substances in vegetable pomace (flavonoids, carotenoids, β-cyanines) can enhance the functional orientation of this secondary raw material when used in food technologies for the production of food of high nutritional value. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to use the biochemical potential of plant raw materials in many aspects, as well as to obtain new functional food products, thereby expanding the range of healthy foods.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE OF COAL DEPOSITS WITH INSIGNIFICANT RESERVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
M. Kurylo ◽  
V. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize criteria by which, in domestic and international practice, the industrial value of coal deposits with small and insignificant reserves is determined. The analysis and systematization of such factors in general for all coal deposits with the definite definition of the most influential characteristics for small stocks are carried out. Mining and geological factors, which are caused by natural characteristics of the deposit and directly related to the concrete object, are determined, and there have been singled out factors concerning the minerals in general or characterizing the external conditions of industrial development of deposits. For coal deposits with insignificant reserves, the criteria that directly affect the most critical parameter - the value of coal reserves and, consequently, the lifetime of the mining enterprise have paramount importance. Such criteria are the quality of coal, which defines the direction of use and its liquidity, the degree of geological study, which expresses the geological risks of reserves confirmation, and the complexity of mining technical conditions that define methods and systems for the reserves disclosure and development. In general, external factors for coal deposits are most affected by the availability of raw material substitutes and market conditions, and coal prices. For deposits with insignificant reserves, prices and possibility of mining, which involves availability of licenses and social permits, may have a greater impact. Industrial significance of deposit with insignificant reserves may appear favorable of all other conditions of development - mining and technical conditions that form low cost of production, coal quality, favorable market conditions for mineral raw materials, localization of the deposit near consumers, etc. At the same time, the main prerequisite for attracting objects with insignificant reserves to exploitation should be their high degree of geological study. Decision about possible industrial significance should be taken after detailed technical and economic calculations.

scholarly journals The study of compounds distilled with water vapor of Populus laurifolia Ledeb. leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
А. М. Рудник
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Village

Poplar plants (Populus L.) are one of the promising species for inclusion in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. To date, extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of extracts from buds, leaves and bark of various types of poplars in folk and official medicine as effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgetic, antibacterial agents. According to literature data only buds are pharmacopoeial raw materials in some countries of the world. Poplar leaves are of interest as a new promising type of medicinal plant raw material, since they have a chemical composition close to the buds, moreover, they are much easier to harvest and the possible volume of raw materials procurement is much larger. The laurel-leaf poplar (Populus laurifolia Ledeb.) is assigned to the section of balsamic poplars (Tacamahaca). It is grown in forest culture, used for landscaping and creation of field-protective plantations in Ukraine. Continuing a comprehensive pharmacognostic study of raw materials of plants of the genus poplar, purpose of this work was to study composition and content of compounds distilled with water vapor of leaves of laurel-leaf poplar cultivated in Ukraine. Leaves for research were harvested in June 2019, from trees growing on the shores of the Murom reservoir in the village of Russkiye Tishki, Kharkiv region (50°09′30″N 36°29′10″E). The composition of compounds distilled in water vapor was investigated on Agilent Technologies 6890N (USA) chromatograph with a 5973N mass spectrometric detector. The total content of compounds distilled with water vapor was 2 126.1 mg/kg. 46 compounds were identified. Terpenoids were presented by 20 compounds with a total content 1 444 mg/kg, the remaining 26 compounds were aromatic substances (256.2 mg/kg) and compounds of various groups (216.8 mg/kg). The dominant compounds in content were β-eudesmol (776.4 mg/kg), γ-eudesmol (298 mg/kg), α-bisabolol (125.9 mg/kg), eugenol (70.9 mg/kg). The data obtained indicate the rich chemical composition of leaves of laurel-leaf poplar and are the basis for further in-depth study of this raw material for assessment the possibility of using it as a medicine.

King Crab Wastes Potential as the Technological Valuable Raw Materials

Food Industry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maksimova ◽  
Denis Poleschuk ◽  
Elena Surovtseva ◽  
Kseniya Vereshchagina ◽  
Alexei Milovanov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The North ◽  
Iron And Zinc

The article presents the technological potential research results of secondary resources formed in the King crab cutting process for food purposes. The authors analyzed waste (cephalothorax and abdomen) obtained from the King crab industrial processing from the North Okhotsk sea subzone and Primorye subzone. They determined the size and mass characteristics of waste. There is the shell, viscera (including liver), gills and abdominals ratio. A man examined the ratio of mineral (shell) and protein (interior and gills) parts of the studied waste experimentally. The research aim was to determine the total chemical composition, amino acid composition of proteins, fatty acid composition of lipids and mineral composition of the combined waste. The authors revealed that the secondary raw materials under the experiment consisted of the protein by 13.37 ± 0.05 %, lipids by 2.68 ± 0.1 %, minerals by 8.33 ± 0.25 % and carbohydrate compounds by 4.22 ± 0.05 %. The experiment determined the essential amino acids sum in the protein part. Valine, leucine and cysteine are limiting. Fatty acids in lipids waste are represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids in significant amounts (42.11 %). Calcium and sodium are overwhelming macronutrients in the waste from the King crab cutting, while iron and zinc are dominating microelements. The research results indicate the high technological value of waste from King crab cutting and the potential of this secondary raw material as a basis for the production of biologically valuable protein and mineral products.

John Cody, Helen Hughes and David Wall (eds.). Policies for Industrial Progressin Developing Countries - A Study jointly Sponsored by UNIDO and the World Bank. New York: Oxford University Press (for the World Bank). 1980. Paper Back Edition. ix + 316 pp.

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Control

The book under review is a compendium of acticles by eminent economists including W. M. Corden, Amartya Sen, Ronald McKinnon, Deepak Lal and others. These economists who have had much experience with policy-making in developing countries evaluate the different policies undertaken by governments to facilitate industrial progress in the less developed countries. Of particular importance among these policies are those that deal with the balance of payments, exchange control, licensing, tariffs, quotas, etc. As noted by the editors the manufacturing sector has been largely responsible for industrial development; as such the subject matter of all the articles is related to this sector only.

Alternative Preparation of Sulphated Binders from Secondary Raw-Material Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2338-2341
Author(s):  
Marcela Fridrichová ◽  
Karel Dvořák ◽  
Iveta Hájková
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Secondary Raw Material

The insufficient occurrence of raw material resources on our territory was one of the historical reasons for marginal production of sulphated binders from secondary raw-material resources. Also the unprofitability of material production based on calcium sulphate was related to this fact. This was changed in the end of the last century when formation of waste raw materials increased with industrial development. Secondary gypsums became basic raw material for production of plaster boards, plaster mixtures and anhydrite self-levelling mixtures. Wet flue gas cleaning desulphation process during which the energogypsum is formed is nowadays realised in major part of our power stations. Annual production of the energogypsum produced in this way in particular power stations is about 250 kt. The energogypsum is generally stored in stock piles as a so called stabilisate and partially is delivered to cement works as a solidification regulator. Chemogypsum is produced in chemical works where waste waters with content of SO42- occur, which must be desulphated with lime in water ambient. Further it is formed in citric acid productions where also sulphated waters occur. Last but no least it is also produced in industrial production of phosphates. Production of titanium dioxide is another example of the industry where the possibility of gypsum formation exists.

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