scholarly journals Predisposing Factors to HBV Among Pregnant Women Attending Some Hospitals in Suburbs of Kano, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olatunji Ayodeji Abulude ◽  
Farouk Umar Sadisu ◽  
Ismai’la Ahmed ◽  
Olatunji Ayodeji Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Markers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) when transmitted vertically can be severe on neonates and life threatening. Among others, risk factors for HBV include unprotected sex, needle-stick injuries and blood transfusion. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HBV markers and associated risk factors among one hundred and sixty consenting pregnant women attending some hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Using enzymelinked immunoassay, sera were screened for HBV sero-markers and structured questionnaires were administered to obtain sociodemographic data and possible predisposing factors to HBV infection. Of the five HBV markers known, participants tested positive for four, which include HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAb and HBcAb. All were seronegative for HBeAg. Ninety three percent (93.1%) tested positive for at least one HBV marker and 6.9% were seronegative for all markers. Among those that tested positive for HBsAg, 54.5% (p=0.33) were housewives, 36.4% (p=0.53) had only primary school education, 72.7% (p=0.14) were middle-class, none had previous knowledge of HBV infection and its mode of transmission, 54.5% (p=0.14) regularly shares sharp objects, 45.5% (p=0.37) had ear or nose piercing, and 9.1% (p=0.01) regularly shares towel and underwear. A large percentage of the study group had history of the infection while only 1.3% of the subjects were vaccinated. Sociodemographic background of the participants, low vaccination coverage and certain risk factors like the sharing of unsterilized sharp objects seem to aid the moderately high prevalence of HBV in this study. The study also revealed that the risk of mother-to-child HBV transmission is low in the study area and that incomplete vaccination may not confer artificial immunity against HBV infection.

Profile of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre District, Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S419-S419
Author(s):  
G. Chorwe-Sungani ◽  
J. Chipps
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

IntroductionDepression is one of major health problems affecting pregnant women in low resource settings. It can lead to poor uptake of antenatal services. Data about prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors remain scanty in Malawi. The study settings were eight selected antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.MethodsThis was a quantitative study which used a random sample of 97 pregnant women. Ethical approval was granted by relevant bodies. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data.ResultsPrevalence of antenatal depression in Blantyre district was 25.8% (n = 25). Risk factors associated with antenatal depression included: “being distressed by anxiety or depression for more than two weeks during this pregnancy”; “feeling that pregnancy has been a positive experience”; “having a history of feeling miserable or depressed for two weeks or more before this pregnancy”; “relationship with partner is an emotionally supportive one”; “experiencing major stresses, changes or losses in the course of this pregnancy”; “having history of physical abuse when growing up”, and “having concerns about being or becoming a mother”.ConclusionThis study has shown that antenatal depression is prevalent in Malawi. It suggests that psychosocial interventions targeting pregnant women may be necessary to reduce antenatal depression and associated risk factors. However, further research regarding ways for assisting pregnant women to build and strengthen their psychosocial support structures is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Associated risk factors with seroprevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection among Pregnant women attending guelendeng health District in the Mayo-kebbi East Region of Chad

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Salomon Philippe Nguwoh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health District ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: In Republic of Chad, the seroprevalence of HIV among antenatal pregnant women is known as decreasing over years meanwhile the epidemiological data among pregnant women for hepatitis B virus are scarce. The co-infection HIV/HBV increases the risk of mother to child transmission of both viruses. This study aimed to determine the rate of HIV, HBV co-infection and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women attending Guelendeng health district (GHD). Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019 among pregnant women attending GHD. The questionnaire included demographics, AIDS and HBV knowledge, behavior factors and history of blood transfusion. Blood samples were obtained and tested serologically for HIV and HBV. The study of associations between exposure and outcome variables was sought with the odds ratio (OR), expressed with 95% confidence interval. Tests were performed using Epi info 7.0 with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Out of 200 enrolled pregnant women, the median age was 25years old with interquartile range from 20.5 to 30 years old. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and the co-infection HIV/HBV were 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1%-8.4%; 9/200), 13% (95% CI: 8.7%-18.5%; 26/200) and 2% (95 % IC: 0.6%-5%; 4/200) respectively. The antenatal age was associated to HBV infection (p=0.04) unlike HIV infection (p=0.4) and HIV/HBV co-infection (p=0.52). Women aged more than 29 years were most affected. Bivariate analysis identified that the non-use of condom (OR 7.79, 95% CI: 1.9-32.6, p=0.004) and blood transfusion history (OR 17.9, 95% CI: 2.6-124.8, p=0.01) were associated risk factors of contracting HIV. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV and HBV remains high among pregnant women attending antenatal ward in Guelendeng Health District with associated risk factors such as age, blood transfusion and the non-use of condom with new sexual partners.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Fawad Ali ◽  
Arif Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Aishma Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background & aim Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant. Results The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively. Conclusion & recommendation HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.

scholarly journals Assessment of syphilis infection among pregnant women and its associated risk factors at Sovu health center in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Nshimiyimana ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi ◽  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Francois N. Niyonzima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Syphilis in pregnant women caused by Treponema pallidum remains a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. Severe neonatal infections, stillbirths, perinatal deaths, and low birth weight babies are common among mothers with syphilis infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated to syphilis in pregnant women. A cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted among pregnant women who attended the prenatal service at the Gisovu health center. Participants were pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis based on lab results and responses collected from anonymous questionnaires completed with sexual behaviors, demographics, sexual partners, history of abortion, and knowledge about STDs. The prevalence of syphilis was 5.74%. Syphilis was associated to the history of previous abortion (P = 0.005 < 0.05), a low level of education (P = 0.049 < 0.05), and marital status (P = 0.044 < 0.05). The main associated behavioral factor was women who had sex with different partners using condom and did not acquire syphilis infection (P = 0.00 < 0.05). Syphilis is still a public health concern in patients and especially in pregnant women as shown by the findings of this study. It is very important to screen all pregnant women for syphilis and to strengthen the existing antenatal care services and health education on transmission and prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated risk factors among pregnant women in a tertiary health facility in Northeast, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Muhammad B. Aminu ◽  
Mohammed Alkali ◽  
Bala M. Audu ◽  
Toyin Abdulrazak ◽  
Dauda Bathna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Past History ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Grand Multiparity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Background: One of the commonest symptoms observed in pregnant women before the 20th week of gestation is nausea and vomiting, an exaggeration of these symptoms hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) could result in maternal and fetal catastrophes and even death. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at booking.Methods: A prospective institutional based study design was done among 452 pregnant women seen at booking in a tertiary hospital in Northeast Nigeria from the 1st February 2019 to 30th June 2019. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics. OR was used to measure significant risk.Results: The observed prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women in the study is 44.9%. The Majority (81.4%) of these women were between the age range of 21 and 35 years. Mean age of 27 years. Multiparity (33.4%), previous (44.9%) and family history of HEG (31.6%) were identified as important risk factors for developing HEG. Grand multiparity (11.5%) and gestational age less than 13 weeks (6.64%) were however less likely observed to be risks for HEG.Conclusions: HEG is a common problem in pregnancy with almost half of the number of pregnant women at booking affected. Multiparity and past history of HEG are pointers to developing the condition and it should be looked out for among at risk group of pregnant women, so that early intervention can be instituted to avoid any possible adverse outcome.

ANTEPARTUM DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN IN NORTHERN KERALA- A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Babitha E K ◽  
Geethakumary. V P ◽  
Harish. M Tharayil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Antenatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Antepartum Depressive Symptoms

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder that women face throughout their perinatal period. As the pregnancy proceeds, the risk of antenatal depression rises, and clinically severe depressive symptoms are quiet common in last trimesters. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms (APDS) and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal outpatient department (OPD) at Institute of Maternal and child health (IMCH) ,Kozhikode. Two hundred antenatal women were screened for APDS using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale (EPDS). The prevalence of APDS among antenatal women was 40.5% .History of illness in present pregnancy, previous pregnancy, fetal well- being, history of mental illness, fear of birth and social support were signicantly associated with APDS. Pregnancy has a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, necessitating frequent screening during antenatal checkup to detect APDS and integrating mental health service with perinatal car

scholarly journals Prevalence, Infectivity, and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia: Implication of Screening to Control Mother-to-Child Transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh Amsalu ◽  
Getachew Ferede ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Agete Tadewos ◽  
Demissie Assegu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hbv Prevention ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention Methods

Background. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mother has up to 90% likelihood of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to newborns in the absence of any prophylaxis or antiviral therapy utilization. However, routine antenatal screening and intervention strategies are not yet practiced in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, infectivity, and associated risk factors of HBV among pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to August 2016 in Yirgalem Hospital. A total of 475 pregnant women were recruited, and data on sociodemography and potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. In addition, blood samples were tested for HBsAg, and HBsAg positive samples were retested for HBeAg using commercially available strip test. The status of HIV was collected from the records. Results. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 34 (7.2%), of whom 13 (38.8%) were positive for HBeAg. The prevalence of HIV infection was 10.1% (48/475). Ten out of 34 HBV positive cases (29.4%) were coinfected with HIV. The overall HBV/HIV coinfection rate was 2.1% (10/475). Women with history of multiple sexual partners and being HIV positive were significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Among the study participants, 35.4% were aware of MTCT of HBV and only 12 (2.5%) have taken HBV vaccine. Conclusions. High prevalence of HBsAg and HBeAg as well as low awareness and practices of HBV prevention methods suggests that perinatal transmission of HBV might be the prevailing mode of HBV transmission in the study area. Thus, screening of all pregnant women, particularly those who had history of multiple sexual partners and HIV coinfection, and provision of health education about HBV prevention methods are inevitable.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalisInfection and Associated Risk Factors in a Socially-Marginalized Female Population in Coastal Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segundo R. Leon ◽  
Kelika A. Konda ◽  
Kyle T. Bernstein ◽  
Jose B. Pajuelo ◽  
Ana M. Rosasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective. The epidemiology ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection among sexually active socially-marginalized women in three urban, coastal Peruvian cities was examined in order to quantify the prevalence of trichomonas infection and identify associated risk factors.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, venue-based study of women from socially-marginalized populations in three coastal Peruvian cities.Results. Among the 319 women enrolled, the overall prevalence of trichomonal infection was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.9%–12.3%). The mean age was 26.3 years, and 35.5% reported having had unprotected intercourse with nonprimary partners and 19.8% reported two or more sex partners in the last three months. Trichomonal infection was associated with increased number of sex partners (PR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) and unprotected sex with nonprimary partner in the last three months (PR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9).Conclusions. A moderately high prevalence of trichomonal infection was found among women in our study. Trichomonal infection was associated with unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Efforts to control the continued spread of trichomonal infection are warranted.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant mothers and children after the introduction of the universal vaccination program in Central Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Miyakawa ◽  
Lay-Myint Yoshida ◽  
Hien-Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Kensuke Takahashi ◽  
Tho Huu Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA birth cohort study was conducted in Khan Hoa Province, central Vietnam between 2009 and 2012 to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pregnant women and their children, and associated risk factors. We enrolled 1987 pregnant women with their babies at the birth phase, and 12.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.1–14.0) of mothers were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)+. At 2-year follow-up phase, 1339 (67.4%) children were enrolled of whom 76.6% completed hepatitis B vaccines (HepB) and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.2–2.7) were HBsAg+. When mothers were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)+, 28.3% of children have got infected even with complete HepB. HBV infection in mothers, hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs antibody) below the seroprotective level in children, and mothers with pre-pregnancy low body mass index were associated with HBV infection in children. Meanwhile, HBV infection in children, older maternal age, no or incomplete doses of HepB, and boys were associated with anti-HBs antibody below the seroprotective level in children. Our birth cohort study determined a low rate of congenital HBV infection and associated risk factors in Vietnam, however further studies are needed to advance prevention including anti-viral therapy in pregnant women at high risk.

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