Assessment of syphilis infection among pregnant women and its associated risk factors at Sovu health center in Rwanda

Syphilis in pregnant women caused by Treponema pallidum remains a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. Severe neonatal infections, stillbirths, perinatal deaths, and low birth weight babies are common among mothers with syphilis infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated to syphilis in pregnant women. A cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted among pregnant women who attended the prenatal service at the Gisovu health center. Participants were pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis based on lab results and responses collected from anonymous questionnaires completed with sexual behaviors, demographics, sexual partners, history of abortion, and knowledge about STDs. The prevalence of syphilis was 5.74%. Syphilis was associated to the history of previous abortion (P = 0.005 < 0.05), a low level of education (P = 0.049 < 0.05), and marital status (P = 0.044 < 0.05). The main associated behavioral factor was women who had sex with different partners using condom and did not acquire syphilis infection (P = 0.00 < 0.05). Syphilis is still a public health concern in patients and especially in pregnant women as shown by the findings of this study. It is very important to screen all pregnant women for syphilis and to strengthen the existing antenatal care services and health education on transmission and prevention of the disease.

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Associated risk factors with seroprevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection among Pregnant women attending guelendeng health District in the Mayo-kebbi East Region of Chad

International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth ◽

10.15406/ipcb.2020.06.00215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Salomon Philippe Nguwoh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Health District ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

East Region ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: In Republic of Chad, the seroprevalence of HIV among antenatal pregnant women is known as decreasing over years meanwhile the epidemiological data among pregnant women for hepatitis B virus are scarce. The co-infection HIV/HBV increases the risk of mother to child transmission of both viruses. This study aimed to determine the rate of HIV, HBV co-infection and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women attending Guelendeng health district (GHD). Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019 among pregnant women attending GHD. The questionnaire included demographics, AIDS and HBV knowledge, behavior factors and history of blood transfusion. Blood samples were obtained and tested serologically for HIV and HBV. The study of associations between exposure and outcome variables was sought with the odds ratio (OR), expressed with 95% confidence interval. Tests were performed using Epi info 7.0 with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Out of 200 enrolled pregnant women, the median age was 25years old with interquartile range from 20.5 to 30 years old. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and the co-infection HIV/HBV were 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1%-8.4%; 9/200), 13% (95% CI: 8.7%-18.5%; 26/200) and 2% (95 % IC: 0.6%-5%; 4/200) respectively. The antenatal age was associated to HBV infection (p=0.04) unlike HIV infection (p=0.4) and HIV/HBV co-infection (p=0.52). Women aged more than 29 years were most affected. Bivariate analysis identified that the non-use of condom (OR 7.79, 95% CI: 1.9-32.6, p=0.004) and blood transfusion history (OR 17.9, 95% CI: 2.6-124.8, p=0.01) were associated risk factors of contracting HIV. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV and HBV remains high among pregnant women attending antenatal ward in Guelendeng Health District with associated risk factors such as age, blood transfusion and the non-use of condom with new sexual partners.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TATAH MAKMUR KABUPATEN BANJAR

Journal of Midwifery and Reproduction ◽

10.35747/jmr.v4i1.559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Nor Isna Tauhidah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman Rank ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAK Stunting merupakan sebuah kondisi di mana tinggi badan anak lebih pendek dibanding tinggi badan anak seusianya. Kejadian anak stunting di Kalimantan Selatan khususnya di Kab Banjar masih berada pada angka kejadian yang sangat tinggi 13.3% dan di Puskesmas Tatah Makmur 38,06%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi, riwayat imunisasi dasar, riwayat ASI eksklusif dan pemberian MP-ASI terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tatah Makmur Kabupaten Banjar.Penelitian ini merupakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita mengalami stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tatah Makmur Kecamatan Tatah Makmur Kabupaten Banjar tahun 2018 sebanyak 537 orang. Sampel berjumlah 50 orang dengan teknik pengambilan accidental sampling. Analisis data melalui uji Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian sebagian besar memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi sebanyak 26 orang (52%), telah mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap sebanyak 32 orang (64%), pemberian MP-ASI sebagian besar cukup 32 orang (64%), riwayat pemberian ASI parsial 40 orang (80%) dan balita sebagian besar pendek sebanyak 33 orang (66%). Terdapat hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi, kelengkapan imunisasi, pemberian MP-ASI, riwayat ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian Stunting. Puskesmas hendaknya meningkatkan pemberian informasi kepada ibu hamil tentang faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya Stunting sehingga bahwa faktor risiko dapat dikendalikan lebih dini. Kata Kunci : Imunisasi Dasar, Penyakit Infeksi, Pemberian MP-ASI, ASI eksklusif, Stunting ABSTRACT Stunting is a condition in which a person's height turns out to be shorter than the height of another person's age. Stunting in Banjar District by 13.3% and in Tatah Makmur Health Center 38.06%.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between infectious diseases and basic immunization against the incidence of stunting in infants in Tatah Makmur Health Center. The study design was an analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population is mothers who have toddlers stunted in Tatah Makmur Health Center in 2018 as many as 537 people. Samples amounted to 50 people with a purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data through the Spearman Rank. The results of the study of toddlers mostly have a history of infectious diseases as many as 26 people (52%), have received complete immunization as many as 32 people (64%) and toddlers are mostly short as many as 33 people (66%). There is a relationship between the history of infectious diseases, the completeness of immunization with the incidence of stunting. Health centers should increase the provision of information to pregnant women about factors that influence the occurrence of stunting so that risk factors can be controlled earlier. Keywords: History of Basic Immunization, History of Infectious Diseases, Stunting

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Highlighting a population-based re-emergence of Syphilis infection and assessing associated risk factors among pregnant women in Cameroon: Evidence from the 2009, 2012 and 2017 national sentinel surveillance surveys of HIV and syphilis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241999

Author(s):

Cyprien Kengne-Nde ◽

Jean de Dieu Anoubissi ◽

Gabriel Loni-Ekali ◽

Celine Nguefeu-Nkenfou ◽

Yasmine Moussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Urban Area ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sentinel Surveillance ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background Syphilis and HIV can be transmitted from pregnant women to their children and they remain a public health problem in Africa. Our study aimed to determine the trends of seroprevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection and syphilis infection overtime through the national surveillance system in Cameroon and to explore associated risk factors. Methods We conducted cross-sectional studies of HIV and syphilis, targeting each year 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees at the same sites during the 2009, 2012 and 2017 sentinel surveillance surveys. Pregnant women were enrolled at their ANC-1, sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. HIV and Syphilis test were performed by serial algorithm as per the national guidelines. Trends were assessed for HIV, syphilis and HIV/syphilis by estimating seroprevalence from cross-sectional studies. Associated risk factors were explored using multinomial logistic regression with 4 outcomes: HIV/syphilis co-infection, HIV infection only, syphilis infection only and no infection. Results Overall, 6 632, 6 521 and 6 859 pregnant women were enrolled in 2009, 2012 and 2017 respectively. In 2017, a total of 3 901 pregnant women enrolled were tested for syphilis. Almost half of them (47.9%) were living in urban area and were aged less than 25 years (44.7%). While HIV epidemic was on a decline (from 7.6% (95% CI: 6.99–8.28) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI: 4.93–6.4) in 2017), a huge significant increase of syphilis prevalence was observed (from 0.6% (95% CI:0.40–0.80) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI:4.93–6.40) in 2017). Pregnant women residing in rural areas were more likely to be infected with syphilis than those living in the urban area (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Unmarried pregnant women were three time more likely to be infected by HIV/Syphilis Co-infection than married, cohabiting, widow or divorced pregnant women (aOR = 2.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Furthermore; living in Northern region was associated with a lower risk of being infected with HIV (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5–0.9]) and Syphilis infection (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9]). Conclusion The epidemiological dynamics of syphilis suggests a growing burden of syphilis infection in the general population of Cameroon. Our findings support the fact that while emphasizing strategies to fight HIV, huge efforts should also be made for strategies to prevent and fight syphilis infection especially among HIV positive women, in rural area, and southern regions.

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Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of syphilis infection in female sex workers in a Chinese province

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810002578 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (9) ◽

pp. 1401-1409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. B. WANG ◽

K. SMITH ◽

K. S. BROWN ◽

G. X. WANG ◽

D. F. CHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Health Concern ◽

Inconsistent Condom ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Sex ◽

Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYThe study's objectives were to investigate the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated risk factors of syphilis in female sex workers (FSWs) in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan, China. Three serial cross-sectional surveys were conducted and biological specimens were collected and tested for HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and drug use. The logistic Generalized Estimating Equation regression model was used to identify risk factors for prevalent syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis was 7·5%, 8·4% and 8·8%, respectively, in the three survey periods. Estimated syphilis incidence was 1·07 cases/100 person-years, and the persistence of syphilis per person at 6 months was 90·4%. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with syphilis were age, lower education level, number of clients in a week, inconsistent condom use with clients, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis. Persistent syphilis in this population of FSWs is a serious public health concern.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-021-07245-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽

Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽

José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽

Angel Entrena-García ◽

Jorge Fraga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Meat Products ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weaning Pigs ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

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Study on Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Statistics ◽

10.3126/njs.v1i0.18818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Naresh Manandhar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Percent Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

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Treponemal infection rates, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in a rural area of Senegal

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646203762869241 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emmanuel Lagarde ◽

Emmanuelle Guyavarch ◽

Jean-Pierre Piau ◽

AÏssatou Gueye-Ndiaye ◽

Karim Seck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Rate ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Treponemal Infection ◽

Active Syphilis

A rural population of east Senegal has been under demographic surveillance for more than 30 years and a high rate of infertility has been reported. The aim of the study is to describe HIV and treponemal infection epidemiology and association with outcome of pregnancy in a population of rural Senegal. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 952 randomly-selected adults of a rural community of Senegal. No participant was found to be infected with HIV, 11% had evidence of past syphilis and 5% of active syphilis. Active syphilis was associated among men with age, long-term mobility and having partners in an urban area in the last 12 months and among women with being divorced or widowed. No association was found between past or active syphilis and abortion or stillbirth but women aged 40 and more with past or active syphilis were significantly more likely to have had no history of gestation than women with no evidence of syphilis infection. In conclusion our results call for more research to understand the epidemiology of treponemal infection and to elucidate types of Treponema pallidum involved.

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Profile of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre District, Malawi

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.377 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S419-S419

Author(s):

G. Chorwe-Sungani ◽

J. Chipps

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Psychosocial Support ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Antenatal Depression ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

History Of ◽

Antenatal Clinics ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Associated Risk Factors

IntroductionDepression is one of major health problems affecting pregnant women in low resource settings. It can lead to poor uptake of antenatal services. Data about prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors remain scanty in Malawi. The study settings were eight selected antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.MethodsThis was a quantitative study which used a random sample of 97 pregnant women. Ethical approval was granted by relevant bodies. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data.ResultsPrevalence of antenatal depression in Blantyre district was 25.8% (n = 25). Risk factors associated with antenatal depression included: “being distressed by anxiety or depression for more than two weeks during this pregnancy”; “feeling that pregnancy has been a positive experience”; “having a history of feeling miserable or depressed for two weeks or more before this pregnancy”; “relationship with partner is an emotionally supportive one”; “experiencing major stresses, changes or losses in the course of this pregnancy”; “having history of physical abuse when growing up”, and “having concerns about being or becoming a mother”.ConclusionThis study has shown that antenatal depression is prevalent in Malawi. It suggests that psychosocial interventions targeting pregnant women may be necessary to reduce antenatal depression and associated risk factors. However, further research regarding ways for assisting pregnant women to build and strengthen their psychosocial support structures is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2021/5547667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shahrzad Soltani ◽

Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽

Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽

Mohamad Sabaghan ◽

Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

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Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255189

Author(s):

Muhammad Israr ◽

Fawad Ali ◽

Arif Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Idrees ◽

Aishma Khattak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Educational Level ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Background & aim Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant. Results The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively. Conclusion & recommendation HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.

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