Bioavailability of Protein and Amino Acids From Oilseeds in Healthy Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Volunteers

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Arginine, Valine, and Serine on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Tsuda ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Teruyuki Noma ◽  
Eiji Okaya ◽  
Hiroyuki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Double Blinded

Although several kinds of amino acids (AAs) are known to affect physiological actions during exercise, little is known about the combined effects of a mixture of several AAs on fatigue during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an AA mixture supplement containing arginine, valine, and serine on exercise-induced fatigue in healthy volunteers. These AAs were selected because they were expected to reduce fatigue during exercise by acting the positive effects synergistically. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. Thirty-nine males ingested an AA mixture containing 3600 mg of arginine, 2200 mg of valine, and 200 mg of serine or a placebo each day for 14 days. On the 14th day, the participants completed an exercise trial on a cycle ergometer at 50% of VO2max for 120 min. After the two-week washout period, the participants repeated the same trial with the other test sample. The participant’s feeling of fatigue based on a visual analog scale (VAS) and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE), as well as blood and physical parameters were evaluated. The feeling of fatigue based on VAS and RPE were significantly improved in AA compared to those in placebo. In the blood analysis, the increase in serum total ketone bodies during exercise and plasma tryptophan/branched-chain amino acids were significantly lower in AA than those in placebo. The present study demonstrated that supplementation with an AA mixture containing arginine, valine, and serine reduced the feeling of fatigue during exercise. The AA mixture also changed several blood parameters, which may contribute to the anti-fatigue effect.

Amino acid metabolism in leg muscle after an endotoxin injection in healthy volunteers

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. E360-E364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokhsareh F. Vesali ◽  
Maria Klaude ◽  
Olav Rooyackers ◽  
Jan Wernerman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Endotoxin Administration ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Decreased plasma amino acid concentrations and increased net release of amino acids from skeletal muscle, especially for glutamine, are common features in critically ill patients. A low dose of endotoxin administered to healthy volunteers was used as a human model for the initial phase of sepsis to study the early metabolic response to sepsis. Six healthy male volunteers were studied in the postabsorptive state. Blood samples from the forearm artery and femoral vein were taken during 4 h before and 4 h after an intravenous endotoxin injection (4 ng/kg body wt). In addition, muscle biopsies from the leg muscle were taken. Plasma concentration of the total sum of amino acids decreased by 19% ( P = 0.001) and of glutamine by 25% ( P = 0.004) the 3rd h after endotoxin administration. At the same time, muscle concentrations of the sum of amino acids and glutamine decreased by 11% ( P = 0.05) and 9% ( P = 0.09), respectively. In parallel, the efflux from the leg increased by 35% ( P = 0.004) for the total sum of amino acids and by 43% ( P = 0.05) for glutamine. In conclusion, intravenous endotoxin administration to healthy volunteers, used as a model for the initial phase of sepsis, resulted in a decrease in plasma amino acid concentrations. At the same time, amino acid concentrations in muscle tissue decreased, whereas the efflux of amino acids from leg skeletal muscle increased.

scholarly journals High-glycaemic index and -glycaemic load meals increase the availability of tryptophan in healthy volunteers

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Herrera ◽  
Keir Smith ◽  
Fiona Atkinson ◽  
Patricia Ruell ◽  
Chin Moi Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) on the ratio of tryptophan (TRP) relative to other large neutral amino acids (LNAA). Ten healthy men (age 22·9 (sd3·4) years; BMI 23·5 (sd1·6) kg/m2) underwent standard GI testing, and later consumed each of a mixed-macronutrient (1915 kJ; 66·5 % carbohydrate (CHO), 17 % protein and 16·5 % fat) high-GI (MHGI), an isoenergetic, mixed-macronutrient low-GI (MLGI) and a CHO-only (3212 kJ; 90 % CHO, 8 % protein, 2 % fat) high-GI (CHGI) meal on separate days. The GI, GL and insulin index values (e.g. area under the curve) were largest after the CHGI meal (117, 200, 158), followed by the MHGI (79, 59, 82) and MLGI (51, 38, 56) meals, respectively (all values were significantly different,P < 0·05). After the MHGI and MLGI meals but not after the CHGI meal, TRP was elevated at 120 and 180 min (P < 0·05). After the CHGI, LNAA was lower compared with the MLGI (P < 0·05); also the rate of decline in LNAA was higher after CHGI compared with MHGI and MLGI (both comparisonsP < 0·05). The percentage increase from baseline in TRP:LNAA after CHGI (23 %) was only marginally higher than after the MHGI meal (17 %;P = 0·38), but it was threefold and nearly significantly greater than MLGI (8 %;P = 0·05). The present study demonstrates that the postprandial rise in TRP:LNAA was increased by additional CHO ingestion and higher GI. Therefore, the meal GL appears to be an important factor influencing the postprandial TRP:LNAA concentration.

scholarly journals Lactate production without hypoxia in skeletal muscle during electrical cycling: Crossover study of femoral venous-arterial differences in healthy volunteers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gojda ◽  
Petr Waldauf ◽  
Natália Hrušková ◽  
Barbora Blahutová ◽  
Adéla Krajčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Type Of Exercise

AbstractBackgroundAim of the study was to compare metabolic response of leg skeletal muscle during functional electrical stimulation-driven unloaded cycling (FES) to that seen during volitional supine cycling.MethodsFourteen healthy volunteers were exposed in random order to supine cycling, either volitional (10-25-50 W, 10 min) or FES assisted (unloaded, 10 min) in a crossover design. Whole body and leg muscle metabolism were assessed by indirect calorimetry with concomitant repeated measurements of femoral venous-arterial differences of blood gases, glucose, lactate and amino acids.ResultsUnloaded FES cycling, but not volitional exercise, led to a significant increase in across-leg lactate production (from −1.1±2.1 to 5.5±7.4 mmol/min, p<0.001) and mild elevation of arterial lactate (from 1.8±0.7 to 2.5±0.8 mM). This occurred without widening of across-leg VA O2 and CO2 gaps. Femoral SvO2 difference was directly proportional to VA difference of lactate (R2= 0.60, p=0.002). Across-leg glucose uptake did not change with either type of exercise. Systemic oxygen consumption increased with FES cycling to similarly to 25W volitional exercise (138±29% resp. 124±23% of baseline). There was a net uptake of branched-chain amino acids and net release of Alanine from skeletal muscle, which were unaltered by either type of exercise.ConclusionsUnloaded FES cycling, but not volitional exercise causes significant lactate production without hypoxia in skeletal muscle. This phenomenon can be significant in vulnerable patients’ groups.

scholarly journals Moderate whisky consumption in combination with an evening meal reduces tryptophan availability to the brain but does not influence performance in healthy volunteers

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rob Markus ◽  
Aafje Sierksma ◽  
Cees Verbeek ◽  
Jan J. M. van Rooijen ◽  
Hamina J. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

Brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis is controlled by nutrients that influence the availability of plasma tryptophan (Trp) as compared with the sum of the other large neutral amino acids (LNAA; Trp:LNAA). Alcohol consumption is found to change mood and performance and this might well be due to alterations in the plasma Trp:LNAA ratio and brain 5-HT. In the present study, we tested whether whisky consumption as part of a meal may alter the plasma Trp:LNAA ratio and influence mood and performance in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four healthy male subjects participated in a within-subjects cross-over study. Subjects consumed whisky (125ml; 40g alcohol) or water (125ml) as part of a standard evening meal. Effects of whisky consumption were tested on mood and choice reaction time and blood samples were taken to measure changes in plasma amino acids, glucose and insulin. The plasma Trp:LNAA ratio showed a significant decline 2h after whisky consumption of alcohol (P<0·001). No effects were found on choice reaction time or mood as compared with the control condition. The present findings reveal that whisky consumption alters available plasma Trp for uptake into the brain, whereas there were no effects on mood and performance.

scholarly journals Effect of intravenous amino acids on interdigestive antroduodenal motility and small bowel transit time

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A J Gielkens ◽  
A van den Biggelaar ◽  
J Vecht ◽  
W Onkenhout ◽  
C B H W Lamers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antroduodenal Motility

BackgroundPatients on total parenteral nutrition have an increased risk of developing gallstones because of gall bladder hypomotility. High dose amino acids may prevent biliary stasis by stimulating gall bladder emptying.AimsTo investigate whether intravenous amino acids also influence antroduodenal motility.MethodsEight healthy volunteers received, on three separate occasions, intravenous saline (control), low dose amino acids (LDA), or high dose amino acids (HDA). Antroduodenal motility was recorded by perfusion manometry and duodenocaecal transit time (DCTT) using the lactulose breath hydrogen test.ResultsDCTT was significantly prolonged during LDA and HDA treatment compared with control. The interdigestive motor pattern was maintained and migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle length was significantly reduced during HDA compared with control and LDA due to a significant reduction in phase II duration. Significantly fewer phase IIIs originated in the gastric antrum during LDA and HDA compared with control. Duodenal phase II motility index was significantly reduced during HDA, but not during LDA, compared with control.ConclusionsSeparate intravenous infusion of high doses of amino acids in healthy volunteers: (1) modulates interdigestive antroduodenal motility; (2) shortens MMC cycle length due to a reduced duration of phase II with a lower contractile incidence both in the antrum and duodenum (phase I remains unchanged whereas the effect on phase III is diverse: in the antrum phase III is suppressed and in the duodenum the frequency is increased); and (3) prolongs interdigestive DCTT.

scholarly journals Real ileal digestibility of sunflower protein and amino acids in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Tessier ◽  
Juliane Calvez ◽  
Nadezda Khodorova ◽  
Alain Quinsac ◽  
Romain Kapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Isotope Method ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Sunflower Protein

AbstractIntroduction:Sunflower protein is not used in human nutrition despite a relatively good amino acid composition. However, the bioavailability of sunflower isolate has never been measured in Humans. The goal of this work was to determine ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids from a sunflower isolate in healthy volunteers and to challenge newly developed dual isotope method.Materials and methods:Eight healthy volunteers were equipped with a naso-ileal tube. They received during four hours twelve doses of biscuits containing, in total, 25 g of 15N sunflower protein isolate together with 400 mg of a mixture of free 13C amino acids incorporated in chocolates. Polyethylene glycol was perfused as non-absorbable marker and ileal contents were collected during 8 hours after ingestion of the first meal. Real ileal digestibility was measured by assessing nitrogen and carbon content as well as 15N and 13C enrichments by EA-IRMS. Amino acid digestibility was determined by measuring 15N and 13C enrichments by GC-C-IRMS and quantity of amino acids by UPLC. Blood was collected for 8 h to determine 15N and 13C enrichments by GC-C-IRMS.Results:The ileal nitrogen flow was 2.7 ± 0.5 mL/min (mean ± SD). In average, 53.1 ± 12.0 mmol of exogenous nitrogen was recovered during the eight hours of experiment, resulting in an ileal digestibility of sunflower isolate was 85.6 ± 2.6 % of nitrogen ingested. 13C amino acids were also recovered at the ileal level. The mixture of free 13C revealed an ileal digestibility of 94.9 ± 0.9 %. Ileal indispensable amino acids digestibility and DIAAS are in progress.Discussion:Ileal digestibility of sunflower isolate incorporated in toasted biscuits was lower than the value found or a raw isolate in a rat model (94.5%). The study revealed that 5 % of free amino acids were not absorbed in the ileum. Amino acid digestibility will complete the study to evaluate the DIAAS of sunflower isolate and to compare values obtained with the standard method and with the dual isotope method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document