Clinical Trial Assessing the Effecacy of Abscopal Effect Induced by SBRT and Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC

Author(s):  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Al-Baimani ◽  
H. Jonker ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
G.D. Goss ◽  
S.A. Laurie ◽  
...  

Background Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) represents a major health issue globally. Systemic treatment decisions are informed by clinical trials, which, over years, have improved the survival of patients with advanced nsclc. The applicability of clinical trial results to the broad lung cancer population is unclear because strict eligibility criteria in trials generally select for optimal patients.Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all consecutive patients with advanced nsclc seen in outpatient consultation at our academic institution between September 2009 and September 2012, collecting data about patient demographics and cancer characteristics, treatment, and survival from hospital and pharmacy records. Two sets of arbitrary trial eligibility criteria were applied to the cohort. Scenario A stipulated Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ecog ps) 0–1, no brain metastasis, creatinine less than 120 μmol/L, and no second malignancy. Less-strict scenario B stipulated ecog ps 0–2 and creatinine less than 120 μmol/L. We then used the two scenarios to analyze treatment and survival of patients by trial eligibility status.Results The 528 included patients had a median age of 67 years, with 55% being men and 58% having adenocarcinoma. Of those 528 patients, 291 received at least 1 line of palliative systemic therapy. Using the scenario A eligibility criteria, 73% were trial-ineligible. However, 46% of “ineligible” patients actually received therapy and experienced survival similar to that of the “eligible” treated patients (10.2 months vs. 11.6 months, p = 0.10). Using the scenario B criteria, only 35% were ineligible, but again, the survival of treated patients was similar in the ineligible and eligible groups (10.1 months vs. 10.9 months, p = 0.57).Conclusions Current trial eligibility criteria are often strict and limit the enrolment of patients in clinical trials. Our results suggest that, depending on the chosen drug, its toxicities and tolerability, eligibility criteria could be carefully reviewed and relaxed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9030-9030
Author(s):  
Zhiyong He ◽  
Jinghui Lin ◽  
Yueming He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Dongyong Yang ◽  
...  

9030 Background: Currently,EGFR-TKIs are widely accepted as the standard treatment for EGFR- mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, acquired resistance is inevitable. Combination therapy is considered as a strategy to overcome the resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Anlotinib, a novel multi-targeting, small-molecule TKI, has shown active to suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth. However, there is still a lack of evidence supporting the use of EGFR-TKIs in combination with anlotinib for the treatment of NSCLC until now. A multi-center, single-arm, phase II clinical trial was therefore designed to examine the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs combined with anlotinib for treatment-naïve, advanced NSCLC patients, and unravel the possible mechanisms. Methods: This study was conducted in 14 research centers in Fujian, China. The main eligibility criteria were stage IV or relapsed nonsquamous NSCLC with EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion,, and L858R), ECOG score 0-2,and age 20 to 75 years and no previous systemic treatment. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases were admitted.Eligible patients were given gefitinib (250 mg QD) or icotinib (125 mg TID) in combination with anlotinib (10 mg per day, on days 1‒14; 21 days per cycle) until disease progression. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) and safety, and the secondary endpoint is overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).Peripheral blood was sampled pre-treatment, once every two months during treatment and after disease progression, and T790M mutation was detected in plasma ctDNA using a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. Results: Of 60 patients enrolled (August 2, 2018 to May 28, 2020). As of February 1, 2021, 37 patients (61.7%) experienced PFS events and 10 (16.7%) died. The ORR was 78.3%, and the DCR was100%.Median PFS was 13.0 months (95%CI,10.7-15.3).The 5 most common treatment-related adverse events included rash (63.3%), fatigue (55.0%), hypertension (48.3%), diarrhea (33.3%) and hand-foot syndrome (30.0%), and grade 3 adverse events included hypertension (5.0%), rash (1.67%), hypertriglyceridemia (1.67%), vomiting (1.67%) and elevated ALT (1.67%); no grade 4 adverse events or drug-related deaths were observed. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 36 patients pre-treatment, and 30.6% were identified with low-frequency de novo T790M mutations, with the mutation-allele frequency (MAF) ranging from 0.01% to 0.28%. Conclusions: The combination of the first-generation EGFR-TKIs and anlotinib shows impressive ORR and DCR, and acceptable toxicity in treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations, and we observed a high proportion of patients harboring de novo EGFR T790M mutations in this study. Clinical trial information: NCT03720873.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9000-9000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie R. Brahmer ◽  
Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu ◽  
Andrew George Robinson ◽  
Rina Hui ◽  
Tibor Csõszi ◽  
...  

9000 Background: In KEYNOTE-024 (NCT02142738), pembrolizumab (pembro) was superior to chemotherapy (chemo) as first-line (1L) therapy for advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS ≥50% and no sensitizing EGFR mutations or ALK translocations. After a median follow-up of 11.2 mo, HR was 0.50 for PFS by independent central radiologic review ( P< 0.001) and 0.60 for OS ( P= 0.005). Here we present PFS2 and updated OS. Methods: 305 pts were randomly assigned to pembro 200 mg Q3W (n = 154) or investigator (INV)-choice platinum-doublet chemo with optional pemetrexed maintenance for nonsquamous histology (n = 151). Pts in the chemo arm could cross over to pembro upon PD. Poststudy anticancer therapy and INV-assessed outcomes were collected. Kaplan-Meier PFS2 and OS were calculated in all allocated pts. PFS2 was defined as time from randomization to PD per INV after start of 2L+ therapy or death, whichever occurred first; pts alive and without 2L+ PD were censored at last known survival. Kaplan-Meier OS was defined as time from randomization to death. There was no adjustment for multiplicity (cutoff: Jan 5, 2017). Results: 2L+ therapy was received by 48 (31.2%) pts in the pembro arm and 97 (64.2%) in the chemo arm, including 80 pts who crossed over from chemo to pembro per protocol and 14 pts who received anti–PD-1 therapy outside of crossover. 56 (36%) 1L pembro pts were on 1L pembro therapy or in follow-up as of data cutoff. Updated median OS and PFS2 results are in the Table. Conclusions: Fewer pembro pts received 2L+ therapy vs chemo pts because of the significant improvement in PFS observed for pembro in the 1L setting. Median PFS2 was substantially improved for pembro (not reached [NR]) vs chemo (8.6 mo). Updated OS with median follow-up of 19 mo maintained consistent superiority of 1L pembro, despite increased crossover from 1L chemo. Clinical trial information: NCT02142738. [Table: see text]


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Maria Bassanelli ◽  
Diana Giannarelli ◽  
Alain Gelibter ◽  
Fabiana Letizia Cecere ◽  
Rita Chiari ◽  
...  

177 Background: RT-induced abscopal effect seems increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients (pts) with NSCLC previously undergone to RT before receiving PD-1 inhibitors. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective analysis of 63 consecutive pts with advanced NSCLC who received RT followed by PD-1 inhibitors at five Italian institutions. Tumor response to treatment was defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Median overall survival (OS) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated with the Kaplan -Meier method. Results: 63 pts (median age 66 years; male:60.3%) with advanced NSCLC (adenocarcinoma [adc]:71.4%; squamous cells [sqc]:28.6%) were treated with PD-1 inhibitors after RT. RT was delivered a median of 70 days before the start of immunotherapy.47 pts(74.5%)received extracranical RT and 16 pts (25.7%) performed cranial irradiation. Median OS was 11.7 months (mo) [95% CI, 4.7-18.7] (adc: 13.0 mo [95% CI,7.3-18.7], sqc 5.1 mo [95%CI,2.9-7.3]). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 5.1 mo [95% CI,2.5-7.7] (adc: 9.0 mo[ 95% CI,2.6-15.3]; sqc: 3.5 mo [95% CI,2.0-5.1]). A better performance status (PS) according to ECOG scale was associated with an improved OS (PS 0[21 pts]: 15.4 mo [95% CI,10.8-19.9]; PS1[33 pts]: 11.7 mo [95%CI,4.0-19.4]; PS2[9 pts]: 4.1 mo [95% CI,0.9-7.3]). Median OS in 46 pts who received ≤ 1 previous systemic therapy was 13.0 mo [95% CI, 9.4-16.6] and in 17 pts who received ≥2 previous treatments was 7.4 mo [95% CI, 3.1-11.7]. Median OS in 45 pts aged < 70 years was 11.7 mo [95% CI, 4.7-18.7] and in 18 elderly (≥ 70 years) was 6.5 mo [95% CI, 0.0-17.7]. 9(14.3%) partial response, 23(36.5%) stable disease and 25(39.7%) progressive disease have been observed. Conclusions: The synergic combination of RT and PD-1 inhibitors leads to an enhancement of systemic antitumor immune responses, triggering the abscopal effect, resulting in prolonged OS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21702-e21702
Author(s):  
Hua-Jun Chen ◽  
Jin-Ji Yang ◽  
Xuening Yang ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Minghui Sun ◽  
...  

e21702 Background: Aberrant activation of the MET pathway is associated poor prognosis and poor response to standard therapies in cancer patients. Glumetinib (SCC224) is an oral potent and highly selective MET inhibitor. This is an open label, dose-escalation, phase I clinical study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced NSCLC regardless of MET status. Methods: Patients with advanced NSCLC failed standard treatments received glumetinib orally according to one of four dose escalation regimens on a 28-day cycle: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300mg and 400 mg once daily, in a Pharmacologically Guided Dose Escalation (PGDE) design (a variation of the standard 3+3 design). The primary endpoints are the incidence of dose limit toxicity (DLT), maximally tolerated dose (MTD), biologically effective dose (BED). The secondary endpoints are treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE), safety and tolerability, anti-tumor efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and its metabolites. Results: As of Feb 7, 2020, a total of eighteen eligible (18) patients were enrolled into this study: 3 at 100 mg, 3 at 200 mg, 6 at 300 mg and 6 at 400 mg. Only one patient among 6 evaluable patients at 400mg cohort reported one DLT of grade 3 vomiting. Treatment-related adverse events mostly were grade 1 or 2 nausea, vomiting, elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated conjugated bilirubin, edema, headache, asthenia and decreased appetite. Non-DLT treatment related G3/4 adverse events were peripheral edema (n = 1, 5.5%), hypothyroidism (n = 1, 5.5%). Absorption was rapid after dosing and the median time to reach maximum plasma drug concentration ( Tmax) was 2.0‐6.0 hours. The mean value of half-life(t1/2) in each dose group ranged from 20.43h to 35.36 h. In response to glumetinib, one patient with MET overexpression at 200mg dose level had a best of response of partial response and completed 44 weeks glumetinib treatment, 4 patients (3 with MET amplification) had a best of response of stable disease. Conclusions: Glumetinib was well tolerated at doses up to 400 mg once daily and demonstrated clinical activity in advanced NSCLC with MET alterations. Glumetinib is used in ongoing clinical trials to further explore safety and efficacy in NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT03466268.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21501-e21501
Author(s):  
Xinghao Ai ◽  
Rongrong Chen ◽  
Jiuwei Cui ◽  
Jiexia Zhang ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
...  

e21501 Background: Though EGFR mutations in lung cancer are identified most often on the trunks of tumor phylogenetic trees in early stage, whether EGFR would always be the dominant clone in the advanced stage is unknown, as cancer evolution often follows a branched trajectory, with divergent subclones evolving simultaneously. The impact of clonal dominance of EGFR on outcomes with targeted therapies has not been explored. Methods: Paired tumor and plasma samples at diagnosis were obtained from systemic treatment naïve patients with advanced NSCLC in the clinical trial (NCT03059641). cfDNA and tumor DNA were sequenced by target-capture deep sequencing of 1021 genes related to solid tumors, with blood cells as the germline control. Clonal dominance analysis was performed on the basis of the CCF determined for SNVs and clustered in plasma or tumor sequencing data using a modified version of Pyclone. PFS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. Results: From February 2017 to December 2019, 300 advanced NSCLC patients were enrolled prospectively from 14 centers cross China. One hundred and fourteen EGFR mutant patients treated with EGFR-TKI were followed until disease progression (PD). The medium follow-up time was 10 month (1-27 months) and 92 (80.7%) patients have reached PD, with the ORR of 74.6% (85/114), mPFS of 10.5 months. Clonal dominance analysis of EGFR showed 76 patients had EGFR as the dominant clone according to tissue NGS results, and 66 patients as the dominant clone according to plasma cfDNA NGS results (p = 0.04). The ORR was significantly higher for patients with EGFR as dominant clone according to plasma cfDNA NGS results (84.8% vs 60.9%, p = 0.016), and PFS was significantly longer (12 vs 8 months, HR = 2.58). There was no difference when using tissue NGS results to analyze EGFR clonal dominance. However, if comparing patients who were defined as EGFR dominant clone by both tissue and plasma (n = 44) with those defined as EGFR nondominant (n = 9), EGFR dominance was associated with higher ORR (84.1% vs 44.4%, p = 0.01), and longer PFS (11 vs 6 months, HR = 9.88) significantly. Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio analysis demonstrated it as an independent prognostic indicator of EGFR-TKIs. Conclusions: Clonal dominance of EGFR in the pretreatment plasma cfDNA is associated with the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. This study indicated the importance of evaluating clonal dominance in the current clinical practice and future trial designs. Clinical trial information: NCT03059641.


2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7626-7626
Author(s):  
H. G. Bischoff ◽  
H. Anderson ◽  
B. van den Borne ◽  
F. Langer ◽  
M. I. Leschinger ◽  
...  

7626 Background: ACTION (Assessment of Costs and ouTcomes of chemotherapy In an Observational setting in patients with advanced NSCLC) is a prospective, pan-European observational study. The objective of ACTION is to describe advanced NSCLC treatment in routine clinical practice. Methods: Chemonaive patients (pts) aged = 18 yrs with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC were observed for 18 months from presentation for initiation of chemotherapy (CT). All pt care, including CT given, was at the discretion of the pt/physician. Pts were excluded if participating in a clinical trial. Results: 975 pts [Germany (571), UK (193), Finland (99), Netherlands (76), Portugal (36)] were enrolled from April 2003 to September 2004 and observations completed June 2006. Median age was 65 yrs (32–90) with 28.3% of pts aged =70 yrs; 71.3% were male; 65.2% had stage IV disease. WHO performance status (PS) was 0/1 (86.2%), 2 (10.0%), 3/4 (3.8%). Of 487 pts who experienced weight loss, 172 (33.4%) lost >10% body weight in 4 weeks prior to start of CT. First-line CT given: gemcitabine (gem) 10.3%, vinorelbine (vin) 4.3%, gem+platinum 45.0%, vin+platinum 14.6%, taxane+platinum 11.7%, other 14.2%. Complete response (CR) to first-line CT was observed in 1.8% of pts, partial response (PR) 37.9%, stable disease (SD) 28.5%, progressive disease (PD) 17.8%, unknown 13.8%. Second-line CT was planned for 29.2% (285) pts. Median time from initiation of 1st-line to initiation of 2nd-line CT was 5.8 months. Median age was 62 yrs (32–84); 69.8% were male; WHO PS at initiation of 2nd line CT: 0/1 (79%), 2 (17%), 3/4 (4%). Best response to 2nd-line CT: CR 0.4%, PR 9.1%, SD 19.3%, PD 48.8%, unknown 14.3%. Unadjusted median survival time for all pts: 9.3 months (95% CI 8.6–10.3). Overall estimated 1-yr survival was 39.5%. Conclusions: ACTION was the first large-scale observational study in pts with advanced NSCLC in Europe. Overall response rates and survival were consistent with clinical trial results, even though approximately one- third of pts enrolled may have been excluded from clinical trials on the basis of their baseline demographics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20614-e20614
Author(s):  
Akihiro Bessho ◽  
Nobuaki Ochi ◽  
Shoichi Kuyama ◽  
Nobukazu Fujimoto ◽  
Takahiro Umeno ◽  
...  

e20614 Background: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent that combines tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium. Two phase III trials in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed the non-inferiority of combination of S-1 with carboplatin or cisplatin compared with standard platinum doublet chemotherapy. Although the S-1/platinum is one of the first line combinations for advanced NSCLC, efficacy and safety of the regimen in the elderly remain unknown. Methods: Patients were required to be previously untreated advanced NSCLC with wild-type EGFR, aged 70 or more, PS of 0-2. They received oral S-1 (40 mg/m2, twice daily) for 2 weeks and carboplatin (AUC 5 on day 1) every 4 weeks as an induction treatment. After 4 cycles of the induction, S-1 alone (40 mg/m2, twice daily for 2 weeks) was administrated every 4 weeks as a maintenance therapy until PD. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), which was expected more than 20%, and secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), PFS, OS, and toxicity profile. The association between clinical outcomes and gene expressions including thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, orotate phosphoribosyl transferase, VEGF and ERCC1 in tumors was evaluated. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled between March 2013 and June 2015. Median age was 78 years old (range: 70 – 89), and 51.5% had a PS of 0. ORR was 30.3% (95% CI: 14.6 – 46.0%) and DCR was 57.6% (95% CI: 40.7 – 74.4%). Grade 3/4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (42.4%), neutropenia (33.3%) and anemia (27.3%). There was one treatment-related death due to aspiration pneumonia following febrile neutropenia. Median PFS and OS times were 134 days (95% CI: 79 – 173) and 479 days (95% CI: 250 – 571), respectively. Low thymidine phosphorylase expression was associated with DCR (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Carboplatin plus S-1 showed preferable efficacy and tolerable toxicity for elderly with NSCLC. (Clinical trial number: UMIN000009345) Clinical trial information: 9345.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20669-e20669
Author(s):  
Yongchang Zhang ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Xiangyu Zhang ◽  
Nong Yang

e20669 Background: There is currently no standard treatment strategy for non-driver gene mutation advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients experiencing progression after two or more lines of chemotherapy. Our study assessed the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with vinorelbine in non-driver gene advanced NSCLC patients for whom at least two lines of prior chemotherapy had failed. Methods: This is a Phase II, single arm clinical trial. 30 advanced NSCLC patients who had two or more prior lines of chemotherapy had failed enrolled in this study. All the patients received treatment of apatinib 500mg, po qd plus vinorelbine 60mg/m2 po qweek. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were overall (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. Results: Between January 2016 and November 2018, 30 patients were enrolled. 25 patients finished all the treatment. 5 patients discontinued the treatment for adverse events. The ORR of all the patients was 36.3 %( 11/30). The DCR of all the patients was 76.3 %( 23/30). The median PFS of all the patients was 4.5months (95% CI 2.4-6.6m). The median OS of all the patients was 10months (3.8m-16.2m). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were non-hematologic including hand-foot syndrome. Moreover, medicine reduction seem not be an important role in disease prognosis. Conclusions: These data show that apatinib combined with vinorelbine can be a good choose with an acceptable safety profile in non-driver gene mutation advanced NSCLC patients refractory to two or more lines of prior chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03652857.


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