The Research on Facilitating the Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Rental Business Operators and Small and Medium-sized Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers and Importers - Centered the Status of Rental Business Operators, Small and Medium-sized Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers and Importers of Act on Resource Circulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles -

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Shi Woo Song ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Resource Circulation

A Mini-Review on Disposal of WEEE Plastics Containing PBDEs with a Special Focus on China

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Deng ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jin Hui Li ◽  
Hua Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The Status

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially pentaBDE and decaBDE have been extensively used as flame retardants in plastics of most electronic equipment. However, PBDE congeners have been found in the environment, in wildlife and in human body worldwide with evidences that they pose risks both to human health and to the entire ecosystem. China has become an important pentaBDE and decaBDE production country because of the increasing domestic demand due to rapid development of electronic industry in recent years. Although pentaBDE was phased out in 2004, decaBDE still remains in production and is used in electrical industry. Additionally, large amounts of plastics containing these pollutants from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are generated in China each year and their disposal has been a vital environmental challenge. Machaniclal recycling, fedlock recycling and landfilling are three main means of disposal of WEEE plastics. This article reviews the production of PBDEs, the amounts of WEEE and the disposal of WEEE plastics worldwide, with a special focus on China. The state of the emission of PBDEs and highly toxic polybrominated dibenzo dioxins/furans in the process of disposal is summed up based on previous studies. This article recommends that mechanical recycling should be the main means of disposal of WEEE recycling with regards to the summaries, the current practices and the status in China.

Legislating e-waste management: progress from various countries

elni Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Deepali Sinha-Khetriwal ◽  
Rolf Widmer ◽  
Mathias Schluep ◽  
Martin Eugster ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Extended Producer Responsibility ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
The Status

Electrical and electronic equipment pervades modern lifestyles and its usage is growing rapidly around the world. Quick obsolescence and newer functionalities are resulting in huge quantities of these products become waste. This fast growing waste stream has been subject to regulations based on the concept of extended producer responsibility in several countries, mainly in Europe. This paper looks at the progress of legislating this particular waste stream with special emphasis on the three countries, namely China, India and South Africa, within the framework of the Swiss global e-waste programme, after looking briefly at the status of transposing the WEEE Directive (waste electrical and electronic equipment) in Europe.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Odom ◽  
PL Beemsterboer ◽  
TD Pate ◽  
NK Haden
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
The Status

The status of cosmology

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Freedman
Keyword(s):  
The Status

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

The Status of Psychiatric Research

1962 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
C. SHAGASS
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
The Status
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