scholarly journals Covid Reinfection versus Asymptomatic Carrier State: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Joy C. Ekezie ◽  
Tanya Rogo
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Us

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first discovered in China in December 2019, has been implicated in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although much has been learned about the virus which peaked with the development of the vaccine, there is still a lot of unanswered questions. Maximum duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from symptom onset may be up to 3 months [1], however it is not known if the continued detection of the viral genome implies prolonged infectivity or presence of a non-viable virus [2]. Most people with COVID-19 develop antibodies after resolution of acute infection [2]. The exact duration of these antibodies in the body is unknown, but some studies have shown that both memory T-cells and B-cells can persist up to 6 to 8 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection [3]. These SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may confer some immunity to the person after the acute infection and have been associated with protection against subsequent infection in nonhuman primates by the same viral strain during the early recovery phase [4]. In humans, however, it is unknown to what extent this immune response indicates a protective immunity to subsequent infection with SARS-CoV-2 [5]. Few cases of reinfection have been documented worldwide with varying symptom severity; the first case in the US was published in January 2021 (reinfection occurred in June 2020) [5]. None of the initial cases reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the time of reinfection. We present a patient who tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR twice in 10 months (Table 1). At both times, she was asymptomatic and the second time, she had coexisting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

scholarly journals High prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state with 2009 pandemic influenza virus in a remote rural South Indian community in the year 2012

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita A Kumar ◽  
Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash Shantha ◽  
Mansha Sethi ◽  
Rohit C Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: There is scarcity of global data with regards to rates of asymptomatic carrier state due to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. It will be interesting to study asymptomatic carrier state in the year 2012 when the global pandemic has been controlled. In this study we have attempted to evaluate the rates of asymptomatic carrier state due to this virus in a remote rural community from South India. Methods: 380 consecutive, asymptomatic, community living adults without history of respiratory illness in the last 30 days were studied. Demographic and clinical profile was noted. Throat swab was obtained and tested by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) for swine influenza A (HINI) as per CDC (Centers for Disease Control) protocol. Participants who were positive in this test were followed weekly by clinical evaluation for a period of 4 weeks to look for onset of respiratory symptoms. Results: Mean age was 42.58 yrs. Males formed 48.3% of the cohort. Mean body mass index was 23.62 kg/m2. 16.3% and 10.5% were diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension respectively. None of the study participants had received seasonal influenza vaccine or pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine. RT-PCR identified asymptomatic infection in 41 participants (10.8%). In uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis there were no significant associations between having asymptomatic carrier state, diabetes diagnosis, gender, age, BMI, hemoglobin A1C%. On follow-up none of the 41 positive participants developed respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: High prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state after 2009 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic was found in our study in the year 2012. The significance of asymptomatic infection remains unclear.

scholarly journals High prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state with 2009 pandemic influenza virus in a remote rural South Indian community in the year 2012

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita A Kumar ◽  
Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash Shantha ◽  
Mansha Sethi ◽  
Rohit C Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: There is scarcity of global data with regards to rates of asymptomatic carrier state due to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. It will be interesting to study asymptomatic carrier state in the year 2012 when the global pandemic has been controlled. In this study we have attempted to evaluate the rates of asymptomatic carrier state due to this virus in a remote rural community from South India. Methods: 380 consecutive, asymptomatic, community living adults without history of respiratory illness in the last 30 days were studied. Demographic and clinical profile was noted. Throat swab was obtained and tested by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) for swine influenza A (HINI) as per CDC (Centers for Disease Control) protocol. Participants who were positive in this test were followed weekly by clinical evaluation for a period of 4 weeks to look for onset of respiratory symptoms. Results: Mean age was 42.58 yrs. Males formed 48.3% of the cohort. Mean body mass index was 23.62 kg/m2. 16.3% and 10.5% were diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension respectively. None of the study participants had received seasonal influenza vaccine or pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine. RT-PCR identified asymptomatic infection in 41 participants (10.8%). In uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis there were no significant associations between having asymptomatic carrier state, diabetes diagnosis, gender, age, BMI, hemoglobin A1C%. On follow-up none of the 41 positive participants developed respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: High prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state after 2009 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic was found in our study in the year 2012. The significance of asymptomatic infection remains unclear.

scholarly journals Replicative Deformed Wing Virus Found in the Head of Adults from Symptomatic Commercial Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Colonies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Laura Zavatta ◽  
Rosa Ranalli ◽  
Antonio Nanetti ◽  
Laura Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Virus Localization ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

The deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most common honey bee pathogens. The virus may also be detected in other insect species, including Bombus terrestris adults from wild and managed colonies. In this study, individuals of all stages, castes, and sexes were sampled from three commercial colonies exhibiting the presence of deformed workers and analysed for the presence of DWV. Adults (deformed individuals, gynes, workers, males) had their head exscinded from the rest of the body and the two parts were analysed separately by RT-PCR. Juvenile stages (pupae, larvae, and eggs) were analysed undissected. All individuals tested positive for replicative DWV, but deformed adults showed a higher number of copies compared to asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, they showed viral infection in their heads. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DWV amplicons belonged to a strain isolated in the United Kingdom. Further studies are needed to characterize the specific DWV target organs in the bumblebees. The result of this study indicates the evidence of DWV infection in B. terrestris specimens that could cause wing deformities, suggesting a relationship between the deformities and the virus localization in the head. Further studies are needed to define if a specific organ could be a target in symptomatic bumblebees.

Feeding gastrostomy stoma site cutaneous myiasis: a rare entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e244352
Author(s):  
Snehasis Das ◽  
Naveen Kumar Gaur ◽  
Oseen Hajilal Shaikh ◽  
Uday Shamrao Kumbhar
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Stoma Site ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cutaneous Myiasis

Infestation of any dead or necrotic tissues by the larvae of flies (maggots) is myiasis. This form of habitation is not restricted to any particular tissues in the body and can occur anywhere. However, myiasis at the surgical stoma site is very rare. We present a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus who underwent feeding gastrostomy (FG). The patient later presented with worms at the FG site. We removed the FG tube, cleared all the maggots, thoroughly cleaned the wound and placed a new FG tube. Although its occurrences have been reported enough in medical history, there are only two documented cases of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy stoma site myiasis. Hence, we present the first case in the literature of cutaneous myiasis around an FG stoma site.

Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-509
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
Z. Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals IMF effect on the polar cap contraction and expansion during a period of substorms

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Aikio ◽  
T. Pitkänen ◽  
I. Honkonen ◽  
M. Palmroth ◽  
O. Amm
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Reconnection Rate ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Mhd Simulation ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Contraction And Expansion ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
The Imf

Abstract. The polar cap boundary (PCB) location and motion in the nightside ionosphere has been studied by using measurements from the EISCAT radars and the MIRACLE magnetometers during a period of four substorms on 18 February 2004. The OMNI database has been used for observations of the solar wind and the Geotail satellite for magnetospheric measurements. In addition, the event was modelled by the GUMICS-4 MHD simulation. The simulation of the PCB location was in a rather good agreement with the experimental estimates at the EISCAT longitude. During the first three substorm expansion phases, neither the local observations nor the global simulation showed any poleward motions of the PCB, even though the electrojets intensified. Rapid poleward motions of the PCB took place only in the early recovery phases of the substorms. Hence, in these cases the nightside reconnection rate was locally higher in the recovery phase than in the expansion phase. In addition, we suggest that the IMF Bz component correlated with the nightside tail inclination angle and the PCB location with about a 17-min delay from the bow shock. By taking the delay into account, the IMF northward turnings were associated with dipolarizations of the magnetotail and poleward motions of the PCB in the recovery phase. The mechanism behind this effect should be studied further.

scholarly journals Electron flux enhancement in the inner radiation belt during moderate magnetic storms

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tadokoro ◽  
F. Tsuchiya ◽  
Y. Miyoshi ◽  
H. Misawa ◽  
A. Morioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Electron Flux ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Flux Enhancement ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract. During moderate magnetic storms, an electron channel (300–1100 keV) of the NOAA satellite has shown sudden electron flux enhancements in the inner radiation belt. After examinating the possibility of contamination by different energetic particles, we conclude that these electron flux enhancements are reliable enough to be considered as natural phenomena, at least for the cases of small to moderate magnetic storms. Here, we define small and moderate storms to be those in which the minimum Dst ranges between −30 and −100 nT. The electron flux enhancements appear with over one order of magnitude at L~2 during these storms. The enhancement is not accompanied by any transport of electron flux from the outer belt. Statistical analysis shows that these phenomena have a duration of approximately 1 day during the period, starting with the main phase to the early recovery phase of the storms. The flux enhancement shows a dawn-dusk asymmetry; the amount of increased flux is larger in the dusk side. We suggest that this phenomenon could not be caused by the radial diffusion but would be due to pitch-angle scattering at the magnetic equator. The inner belt is not in a stationary state, as was previously believed, but is variable in response to the magnetic activity.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Fibrosis after Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Elderly Patient with Cutaneous Angiosarcoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mazzotta ◽  
Raffaele Giusti ◽  
Daniela Iacono ◽  
Salvatore Lauro ◽  
Paolo Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rare Cancer ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
First Case

Introduction. Angiosarcoma is a rare cancer of the inner lining of blood vessels and can arise anywhere in the body, most commonly presenting as cutaneous disease in elderly patient, involving head and neck (H&N), especially the scalp. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is one of the available treatments in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Common toxicities are myelosuppression, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, nausea, and stomatitis. Regarding PLD-related pulmonary fibrosis in an uncommon toxicity, there are few cases reported in literature. None of these occurred in angiosarcoma.Methods. This is a case report describing an elderly patient treated with PLD for advanced H&N cutaneous angiosarcoma who developed G5 pulmonary toxicity after the second PLD administration.Results. According to our data and patient clinical outcome, we believe that she passed away from fatal PLD-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This is the first case of fatal interstitial pneumonitis in a 77-year-old woman treated with PLD for angiosarcoma. The case has been reported for its rarity.Conclusions. Pathophysiology of this phenomenon is still unclear and more studies are necessary to understand the true incidence of pulmonary toxicities in patients in treatments with PLD and its mechanism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document