scholarly journals Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Prevention on Tomato Plants by Utilizing Rhizosphere Bacteria for Sustainable Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Rika Alfianny ◽  
I.Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Direct Mechanism ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Damage Prevention

Root-Knot Nematodes are one of roots damaging nematodes. Their existence leads to decrease in tomatoes productivity in Indonesia as much as 46.2%. Currently, the pest and damage prevention is focused on biological control to attain the sustainability in agriculture. Utilizing of rhizosphere bacteria is an alternative for this purpose by both direct mechanism and indirect mechanism through induced resistance. This researchis proposed to obtain the effective rhizosphere bacteria as an agent of tomato plants resistance induction on nematodes and observe its influence on the growth and productivity of the tomato plants. The methods conducted are exploration, isolation, selection, and laboratory scale experiments. Exploration in five tomato planting regions provided 189 isolates. The further laboratory scale selection resulted in 18 candidates of bacteria having the potency in growth and superiority in antagonist, and nine appropriate consortium isolates was obtained in the next compatibility test. On the final test in the field, it was concluded that P7 consortium isolate consisting of (LM24 and CK212), P52 (LM38+CN26+CK27+CK212) simply suppressed the presence of nematodes more over P40 (LM24 + CN26) solely provided the proper growth, whereas P31 (LM24+CN26+CK27) was not only able to inhibit nematodes but also provide the satisfying growth and productivity.

scholarly journals Management of Root Knot Nematode on Tomato through Grafting Root Stock of Solanum sisymbriifolium

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Ram Devi Timila ◽  
Ram Bahadur KC ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Chetana Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) are difficult to manage once established in the field because of their wide host range, and soil-borne nature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the use of resistant root stock of wild brinjal (Solanum sisymbriifolium) to reduce the loss caused by the nematodes on tomato. For the management of root-knot nematodes, grafted plant with resistant root stock of the wild brinjal was tested under farmers’ field conditions at Hemza of Kaski district. Grafted and non-grafted plants were produced in root-knot nematode-free soil. Around three week-old grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were transplanted in four different plastic tunnels where root-knot nematodes had been reported previously. The plants were planted in diagonal position to each other as a pair plot in 80 × 60 cm2 spacing in an average of 20 × 7 m2 plastic tunnels. Galling Index (GI) was recorded three times in five randomly selected plants in each plot at 60 days intervals. The first observation was recorded two months after transplanting. Total fruit yield was recorded from same plants. In the grafted plants, the root system was totally free from gall whereas in an average of 7.5 GI in 0-10 scale was recorded in the non-grafted plants. Fruits were harvested from time to time and cumulated after final harvest to calculate the total fruit yield. It was estimated that on an average tomato fruit yield was significantly (P>0.05) increased by 37 percent in the grafted plants compared with the non-grafted plants. Grafting technology could be used effectively for cultivation of commonly grown varieties, which are susceptible to root-knot nematodes in disease prone areas. This can be used as an alternative technology for reducing the use of hazardous pesticides for enhancing commercial organic tomato production.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 27-31

scholarly journals Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus on tomato plants and the management of root knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriyar Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahan Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus on tomato plant growth and the management of root knot nematodes in tomato was studied. The research work was conducted in Microbiology & Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and in Net-house of Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from July, 2016 to October, 2017. In net-house pot culture experiment, four different treatments were used viz., T1: Inoculation of egg masses (10 egg masses/plant) of Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), T2: Application of P. lilacinus, T3: Application of egg masses of Nematodes and P. lilacinus simultaneously, and T4: Control (non-treated). Spore suspension (10×105 Conc.) of P. lilacinus was mixed with the soil before transplantation and Meloidogyne spp. was inoculated on three days after transplantation. Application of P. lilacinus in soil enhanced the plant growth parameters of tomato plants. Inoculation of Meloidogyne spp. reduced plant growth and the reduction was increased with the increase of inoculum density of Meloidogyne spp. Maximum plant growth reduction was recorded when Meloidogyne spp. was inoculated alone. The maximum plant growth was recorded in case of application of P. lilacinus to soil. A high percentage (85%) of egg masses of Meloidogyne spp. was infected by P. lilacinus when applied together J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 9–13, March 2019

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN LIMBAH TANAMAN BRASSICACEAE UNTUK PENGENDALI NEMATODA PURU AKAR (MELOIDOGYNE SPP.) PADA MIKROPLOT DI LAPANGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jabal Nur ◽  
Supramana . ◽  
Abdul Munif
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Brassica Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Made In

Effectivenes of Brassicaceae plant wastes to control the root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) at a field microplot scale. Meloidogyne spp. is a soil borne pathogen that infects plant roots and causes root galls. Root knot nematodes can reduce crop production by 15 to 95%, so that the control measures are needed. One of the control methods is using plants as biofumigant. Plants of the family Brassicaceae were reported contain glucosinolate (GSL). During decomposition, GSL is hydrolized to isothiocyanates (ITS) which is a highly toxic compound to soil organisms, including nematodes. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of five Brassicaceous plant wastes, namely cabbage (B. oleracea var capitata), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (B. oleracea var italica), chinese cabbage (B. chinensis) and pakcoy (B. rapa var parachinensis) to suppress root knot nematodes (RKN). The experiment was conducted on microplot scale in the field. The experimental design used was a 4x5 factorial CRD. The first factors are waste of Brassica and the second factors are the amount of Brassica wastes per microplot. The experiments were made in 6 replications. Application of 5 Brassica plant wastes at all doses tested effectively reduced the number of root knot by 45.65% to 94.43% and increased the average number of tomato fruits. Tomato plants grew better at microplots when treated with chinese cabbage and pakcoy wastes.

scholarly journals Induced systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes by Benzothiadiazole

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Shamaal S. Mutar ◽  
Farkad A. Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Benzol thaidazole-7carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH or Bion) to induce systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp in tomato plants 30d after treatments. Results showed that Bion was efficient in inducing systemic resistance to root knot nematodes in tomato plants. Foliage spraying or soil drenching at 50 mgL-1 were superior over the other test concentrations and seed soaking treatments. At this concentration gall index was 2.11 compared with 5 in control. Root fresh weight and root dry weigh were 6.25 and 0.62, 8.40 and 0.70g for treated and control plants respectively. Shoot fresh weight and dry weight recorded 23.60, 2.29, 17.42 and 1.42g for treated and control plants respectively. The number of second stage juveniles penetrating the roots was 51.33 and 114.88 in treated and control plants respectively. Application of Bion at this concentration also reduced gall index to 2.88 compared with 5 in control. At 50 mgL-1 of Bion root fresh and dry weight was 4.68, 0.44 and 21.40, 2.52g compared with 8.58, 0.69, and 26.21, 4.45g in control plants respectively. At this treatment also a significantly less juveniles, 75.55 entered the roots of treated plants compared with 116.66 juveniles in control.

Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. parasitising potato in Brazil and aggressiveness of M. javanica populations on susceptible cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel L. Medina ◽  
Cesar B. Gomes ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
Vanessa S. Mattos ◽  
Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) significantly impact potato production worldwide and in Brazil they are considered one of the most important group of nematodes affecting potatoes. The objectives of this study were to survey Meloidogyne spp. associated with potatoes in Brazil, determine their genetic diversity and assess the aggressiveness of M. javanica on two susceptible potato cultivars. Fifty-seven root-knot nematode populations were identified using esterase phenotyping, including Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica. Overall, root-knot nematodes were present in ca 43% of sampled sites, in which M. javanica was the most prevalent species, and the phenotypes Est J3, J2a and J2 occurred in 91.2, 6.7 and 2.1% of the positive samples, respectively. Other species, such as M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica, were found less frequently and occurred at rates of 6.4, 4.3 and 2.1% of the samples, respectively. Sometimes, M. javanica was found in mixtures with other root-knot nematodes in ca 10.6% of sites containing Meloidogyne. After confirming the identification of 17 isolates of M. javanica and one isolate each of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica by SCAR markers, the populations were used to infer their genetic diversity using RAPD markers. Results revealed low intraspecifc genetic diversity among isolates (13.9%) for M. javanica. Similarly, M. javanica sub-populations (J2a) clustered together (81% of bootstrap), indicating subtle variation from typical J3 populations. The aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from different Brazilian states on two susceptible potato cultivars was tested under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated differences in aggressiveness among these populations and showed that potato disease was proportional to nematode reproduction factor.

Host plant response of Eumusa and Australimusa bananas (Musa spp.) to migratory endoparasitic and root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi Xuyen ◽  
Raf Verlinden ◽  
Ruth Stoffelen ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Rony Swennen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Pratylenchus Coffeae ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

AbstractTwenty-five banana varieties of section Eumusa (AA-group) and seven of the section Australimusa (Fe'i-group) from Papua New Guinea were evaluated for resistance to Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. The host plant responses were compared with the susceptible reference cvs Grande Naine and Cavendish 901. In vitro propagated plants were transferred to the glasshouse in loamy sand and inoculated with approximately 1000 migratory endoparasitic nematodes at 4 weeks after planting. Reproduction of R. similis and P.coffeae in the roots was determined at 8 or 10 weeks, respectively, after inoculation. Reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. was determined 8 weeks after inoculation with 3300 to 5000 eggs. No resistance to R. similis was found in the diploid varieties. The Fe'i variety Rimina and possibly Menei were resistant to R. similis. All varieties tested were susceptible to P.coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. Tests de résistance de bananiers Eumusa et Australimusa (Musa spp.) envers les nématodes endoparasites migrateurs et galligènes - Vingt-cinq variétés de bananier de la section Eumusa (groupe AA) et sept de la section Australimusa (group Fe'i) provenant de Papouasie-Nouvelle Guinée ont été testées pour leur résistance envers Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae et Meloidogyne spp. Les résponses de ces variétés ont été comparées à celles des cultivars sensibles de référence Grande Naine et Cavendish 901. Des vitroplants ont été mis en place en serre sur un sol argilo-sableux et inoculés 4 semaines après plantation avec environ 1000 R. similis ou P.coffeae dont la reproduction a été déterminée 8 et 10 semaines, respectivement, après inoculation. La reproduction de Meloidogyne spp. l'a été 8 semaines après inoculation avec 3300 à 5000 oeufs. Aucune résistance à R. similis n'a été observée chez les variétés diploïdes. Les variétés du groupe Fe'i Rimina et Menei se sont montrées résistantes à R. similis, avec un certain doute dans le cas de la dernière. Toutes les variétés testées sont sensibles à P.coffeae et Meloidogyne spp.

scholarly journals Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khallouk ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
Joël Polidori ◽  
Cyril Van Ghelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Prunus Spp

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession ‘P.2175’, which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × [‘Garfi’ almond × ‘Nemared’ peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.

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