scholarly journals Direct effect of LMX on OCB in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Junaidah Yusof ◽  
Hashim Fauzy Yaacob ◽  
Siti Aisyah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Ang Kean Hua ◽  
Noor Hafizah Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
High Quality

Research Highlights This study investigates the antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and its dimensions (i.e. altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship) among Malaysia Public Hospital nurses. The operational definition of leader-member exchange (LMX) in this study is the quality of the exchange relationship between the leader and the nurses which are developed based on perceived contribution and affect dimensions. An operational definition of OCB in this study is a personal choice of extra-role behaviour among Malaysia public hospital nurses U29. This behaviour is not stated in job description, it is discretionary, and not directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, but it can promote the organisational effectiveness. OCB compromises five dimensions which are altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship. Research Objectives The objectives of Wawasan 2020 have forced Malaysia organisations to confront unanticipated challenges. These challenges include changes in technological structure, shocks in economic trends, social changes, and structural transformations (Kim & Hunsaker, 2018). Meeting all these challenges is indispensable for an organisation’s survival but it has become a tough trade to do (Baek-Kyoo & Sung, 2017; Chen & Jin, 2014). One possible way to survive in this unpredictable situation is to make the best use of available resources such as organisational human resources (Baek-Kyoo and Sung, 2017; Bitmis and Ergeneli, 2011). It is believed that the practise of OCB among employees can enable an organisation to cope with these challenges (Bitmis & Ergeneli, 2011; Chen & Jin, 2014; Wu & Lee, 2017). Considering all of the above statements, it is necessary to find out how to increase nurses’ OCB in the workplace. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the direct effect of LMX on OCB as prior to the Social Exchange Theory. It is believed when subordinates have a high quality LMX, they will reciprocate the positive influence and perform OCB in the workplace. Methodology The data collection in this study was conducted through distribution of questionnaires. Multi-stage cluster sampling is used in this study because it involves a wide area and large population size which makes it difficult or impossible to list the subjects. There are more than 133 public hospitals all over Malaysia. Applying multi-stage cluster sampling method is useful because the researchers have no access to the entire population and it is geographically convenient. Hence, this study managed to get 539 respondents from four selected government hospitals with the return rate about 35.5 percent. In this study, the researchers adapted the Leader-member Exchange Scale by Bhal and Ansari (Bhal & Ansari, 1996, 2000) to measure LMX. While the Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale by Podsakoff et al. (1990) was adapted to measure OCB. Structural Equation Modelling is employed in this research as a statistical approach to measure the comparative strength of the indirect and direct relationship between the variables. Results The result indicated the model has yielded a good fit with RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.88, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, NFI = 0.90, and chisq/df = 2.01. Overall, the perceived contribution and affect found to explain 5.1 percent of altruism occurrence, 2.6 percent of courtesy occurrence, 5 percent of civic virtue occurrence, 1 percent of conscientiousness occurrence, and 4 percent on sportsmanship occurrence among Malaysia public hospital nurses. Specifically, perceived contribution was found to significantly give an effect to only sportsmanship (𝛽 = 0.242, p < 0.001). That is, high quality of perceived contribution increases the occurrence of sportsmanship among nurses. However, perceived contribution has an insignificant effect on altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, and conscientiousness. The second dimension of LMX which is affect was found to significantly contribute to altruism (𝛽 = 0.153, p < 0.05), courtesy (𝛽 = 0.102, p < 0.05), civic virtue (𝛽 = 0.228, p < 0.001), and sportsmanship (𝛽 = -0.164, p < 0.001). That is, high quality affect relationship between the leader and the subordinate increases the occurrence of altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, and sportsmanship among nurses. However, affect was found to have no significant contribution to conscientiousness. Findings This study expanded the Social Exchange Theory by providing empirical evidence on the association of LMX on OCB. From the empirical evidence, it was found out that high-quality of work-based relationship has a valid influence on sportsmanship. The findings also revealed high-quality of personal-based relationship between the leader and the subordinate has a significant positive influence on altruism, courtesy, and civic virtue, while the negative influence on sportsmanship. It is suggested that personal-based relationship between the leader and the subordinate needs to be practiced with precaution since high-level personal relationships could manifest the occurrence of negative effect towards sportsmanship. Acknowledgement We are grateful for the opportunity provided by Quest International University and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to publish our research finding.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Model of Leader-Member Exchange and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour among Nurses in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Member Exchange

Despite the great attention received by organisational citizenship behaviour in the organisational discussion, little is known about organisational citizenship behaviour among Malaysia public hospital nurses. Hence, this study extended the discussion by investigating nurses’ organisational citizenship behaviour dimensions namely altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship. While, the leader-member exchange consisted of perceived contribution and affect were examined as predictors of the study. Questionnaire of quantitative approach based on multi-stage cluster sampling techniques is used to obtained data from 539 nurses in Malaysia. By adopting structural equation model, the result indicates that leader-member exchange of affect dimension having a connection with altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, and sportsmanship; but vice-versa in perceived contribution dimension which only associated with sportsmanship. Theoretically, this study extends the Social Exchange Theory and its application to nursing practitioners. The findings could benefit the human resource practitioners in terms of the effects of the conduct of organisational citizenship by the nurses due to the leader-member exchange in the hospital. The study recommends the expansion of Social Exchange Theory model in organisational citizenship behaviour research by using longitudinal designs and multiple measures of other variables.

Understanding the changing nature of psychological contracts in 21st century organizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos-Maria Alcover ◽  
Ramón Rico ◽  
William H. Turnley ◽  
Mark C. Bolino
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Justice Perceptions

In recent years, scholars have increasingly recognized that the theoretical underpinnings of employee-organization relationships (EOR) are in need of further extension in light of recent organizational changes. In prior research, the study of EOR has been based on social exchange theory, and the psychological contract (PC) has played a central role in understanding this crucial aspect of organizational life. The main objective of this paper is to provide an integration of the existing literature by adopting a multiple-foci exchange relationships approach. Specifically, we looked at identification; the quality of relationships and exchanges with the leader, coworkers, and other organizational agents; justice perceptions involving several organizational sources; and perceived organizational, leader, and coworker support to expand our understanding of the PC. Overall, we advocate a multiple-foci exchange relationships approach that will ultimately enable us to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of PCs in 21st century organizations.

Seeking feedback but unable to improve work performance? Qualified feedback from trusted supervisors matters

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Nae ◽  
Hyoung Koo Moon ◽  
Byoung Kwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Feedback Quality ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the boundary conditions in the relationship between feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) and work performance. The authors hypothesized that the positive influence of employees’ FSB on their work performance is influenced by perceived quality of feedback. The authors also expected that employees’ trust in their supervisors moderated the interaction between their FSB and perceived feedback quality. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 202 employees in South Korea. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis. Findings – The results showed that while employees’ FSB was positively related to work performance, the influence was stronger for employees who perceived they were receiving high quality of feedback from supervisors. The authors also found that the moderating effect of feedback quality on the relationship between FSB and work performance was stronger when employees had high levels of trust in their supervisors. Practical implications – The findings suggest that if managers wish to encourage employees to achieve work goal and desirable performance levels by actively engaging in FSB, they should pay more attention to providing high quality of feedback and building trust with employees. Originality/value – This study contributes to expand the understanding of FSB-work performance relationship by verifying the boundary conditions, which suggests the importance of examining the moderating factors in the FSB mechanism.

The emergence of servant leadership and its effectiveness in bureaucratic organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1249
Author(s):  
Jungin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bureaucratic Organizations

PurposeBy following the leadership theory, social exchange theory and social learning theory, we aimed to examine the conditions under which servant leadership (SL) develops in bureaucratic organizations and explore its influences on organizational culture and member behavior.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey of the South Korean Army, this study conducted the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis to investigate the research model.FindingsWe found that SL was positively associated with formalized organizational structure and negatively associated with centralized organizational structure. Additionally, SL created a relation-oriented organizational culture (ROOC) and significantly enhanced battalion members' organizational commitment (OC). Furthermore, ROOC significantly mediated the relationship between SL and OC.Originality/valueThese results suggest that SL could emerge in both formalized and decentralized bureaucratic organizations. Moreover, SL appears to create an organizational culture that promotes collaboration, and such a ROOC seems to mediate the positive influence of SL on followers' OC.

scholarly journals Nexus among Perceived Organizational Politics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Under the lenses of Social Exchange Perceptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ayesha Nawal ◽  
Zainudin Awang ◽  
Asad ur Rehman ◽  
Hamid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Employee-organization relationship is most debatable and interested phenomena of organizational behavior research stream. This study aims to investigate the influence of perceived organizational politics on organizational citizenship behavior under the lenses of social exchange theory. This study also propose that perceptions of social exchange not only mitigate the influence of perceived organizational politics but also enhance employees’ voluntary efforts to engage in extra-role behaviors. Data was collected from the staff of SMEs operating in Lahore, Pakistan. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from target respondents. Results revealed that perceived organizational politics do not directly have negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior. However, perceived organizational politics has effect on social exchange perceptions and social exchange perceptions have positive influence on citizenship behavior. Indirect relationship exists among POP and OCB which is fully mediated by social exchange perceptions.

scholarly journals Factors influencing public hospital nurses’ intentions to leave their current employment in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Momani
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Intent To Leave ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Quality Of Nursing

Background: Shortage of nurses resulting from nurses migration, has created a health care crisis in developing countries and has adversely affected the quality of nursing care provided to patients. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing Jordanian public hospital nurses’ intent to leave their current employment. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 348 registered nurses randomly selected from two public referral hospitals, Al Bashier Teaching Hospital, and Amirah Basma Teaching Hospital, Jordan. Data to investigate the nurses’ satisfaction and their intention to leave were collected using self-administered questionnaire compromised 28 factors included in seven dimension: Administrative support, supervision and leadership, interaction with co-workers, work related factors, staff development practices, pay and promotion system, and control and responsibility. Data collected over a 4-month period (December 13, 2015 to April 7, 2016). Results: of the 348 registered nurses 212 (60.9%) had an intention to leave their current work. The average satisfaction rate for all dimensions was (2.83). The dominant factors were not satisfied nurses (mean<3) and influencing their intention to leave were Pay and benefits, nurse to bed ratio due to shortage of nurses, and praising and recognitions for achievement. The variables gender, work experience, and nursing role yielded significant associations with intent to leave (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study showed that the majority of nurses were dissatisfied and had intention to leave their current job. Developing strategies to increase retention of nurses such as salaries and benefits should be periodically reviewed in light of the national consumer index, in addition to other strategies could improve nursing retention and quality of nursing care. 

INNOVATING WITH DOMINANT SUPPLIERS: LESSONS FROM THE RACE FOR LASER LIGHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANINA MILENA GOLDBERG ◽  
HOLGER SCHIELE
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Innovation Processes

Traditionally, manufacturers could usually choose from several suppliers who would be more than willing to engage in innovation processes with them. However, more often the situation arises that a supplier has a dominant position because of a clear leadership or even exclusivity in a certain technology. How should the buying companies handle such situations when a supplier can choose the customer to collaborate with, rather than cueing in front of the customer’s door? This paper focuses on how a buying company may best handle this situation of innovating with dominant suppliers. The methodology used is a case study that compares, from an original equipment manufacturer’s perspective, two implemented supplier innovations with different expirations — a success case and a failure. Findings lead to three main propositions: First, firms may benefit from carefully analysing and designing the buyer–supplier constellation in innovation processes and not only the quality of the innovation. Drawing back on attractiveness theory grounded in social exchange theory may provide clues on how to do so. Second, in case of a dominant supplier situation, traditional innovation management processes may fail and need to be amended by a dedicated innovation process with a different order of steps. In the case of supplier dominance, it is essential to first analyse the supplier constellation, and then make the decision for the innovation path to follow — and not the other way around. Third, in the fight for getting access to a supplier’s innovation, a speed-up process with the buying company may be a tool for outperforming other buyers competing for the same supplier.

Impact of night markets on residents' quality of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hao-Kai Hung ◽  
Chang-Che Wu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Q Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Markets

There is a lack of discussion on the impact of night tourism activities on the quality of life of residents in the area where these activities are held. We adopted the Q method to explore the effect of the night market in Taiwan on residents in the area from the perspective of 4 groups: Long-term neighbors who love the prosperity of the night market, residents who live in the area where the night market is held, residents who dislike tourists but do not mind the vendors, and residents who have integrated the night market into their own life. We discuss and address the conflicts between the perspectives of these groups using social disruption theory, social exchange theory, and empathy. Implications of the findings are described along with directions for future research.

Quality of Work Life Among Public Hospital Nurses in Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Frannelya Francis ◽  
Fatimah Sham ◽  
Azniah Alias ◽  
Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab ◽  
Suzana Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Quality Of Work

Globally, the quality of work-life (QoWL) of nurses is significantly affected. They are the largest health care groups and the leading front liners in the clinical settings. When the nurse's quality of work life is compromised, the work environment's dynamic changes will also be affected. At current, the focus issues in nursing include excessive workload and poor work conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of quality of work-life among public hospital nurses in Sarawak General Hospital (SGH), Kuching, Malaysia. Methods: Descriptive study with a purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting 461 nurses working at SGH. A composite scale was used for the assessment of QoWL in nurses. Data were collected using adapted questionnaires that focused on nine different areas. The questionnaires were distributed to the nurses via an online survey. This study revealed that 52.9% of the respondents were not satisfied with their QoWL, while 47.1% were satisfied. Three areas were identified to record a higher percentage of unsatisfactory QoWL: relation and cooperation, autonomy of work, and resources adequacy. There are significant differences between the nurses' quality of work-life and socio demographic characteristics (p-value≤0.01). Female nurses; those involved in clinical; working and staying at the same hospital for a long time; and those working shifts, having satisfactory QoWL. In sum, the nurse's quality of work-life is at a moderate level. This research further indicates that the socio-demographic features of nurses and QoWL are substantially linked. Result-driven research is also needed to examine the effectiveness, efficacy, and cost benefits of specific strategies to improve quality of life. The health care authorities should implement policies to strengthen nurses' working standards and their QoWL to provide excellent and effective care for their clients.

scholarly journals Beyond quid pro quo: good soldiers and characteristics of their helping behaviours

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Maria Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Helping Behaviours ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeGood soldiers are people who engage in citizenship behaviors “to do good” instead of “to look good”. The purpose of this article is to explore the motivations behind and the specific characteristics of behaviours of the good soldiers in the context of work using social exchange theory (SET) as a theoretical framework.Design/methodology/approach A total of 47 dyadic interviews with 94 individuals from three organisations where good soldiers are most likely to be observed were conducted.FindingsData analysis revealed that good soldiers are driven by concern for others and generalised reciprocity, but not by expectations of self-benefits. Their actions were further found to be discretionary, reactive and proactive and associated with different levels of self-sacrifice.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study point human resources (HR) practitioners' attention towards qualitatively unique acts of good soldiers. An assumption is made that awareness of such behaviours can help organisations to stimulate individual self-motivation, so that the quality of helping behaviours could be improved.Originality/valueArguing for a fundamental rethink of the psychological foundations underpinning helpful behaviours, this paper departs from predominantly individualistic view on work motivation and reinforces the other-oriented, altruistic dimension of SET. In doing so, it addresses the lack of conceptual and theoretical clarity on differently motivated helping and extends the existing limited research evidence in this area. It further addresses a need for a comprehensive understanding of other-oriented behaviours and accounts for vital – yet neglected – features of such acts.

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