Impact of PECA-2016 Provisions on Freedom of Speech: A Case of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Sheraz Khan ◽  
Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani ◽  
Mehwish Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Document Analysis ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electronic Crime

Prevention of Electronic Crime Act, PECA-2016 is a procedural and penal law in Pakistan deals with the cyber or digital space. This research is to explore about the freedom of speech regime in Pakistan. It also provides the in-depth overview of PECA-2016 and analyses the effect of certain provisions of PECA-2016 on the practice of freedom of speech in cyberspace e.g. internet and whether these provisions promote or hinder the right to freedom of speech. The research is purely qualitative based on thorough document analysis. Results demonstrates that certain provisions of PECA do not have enough safeguards to secure access to quality research and quality knowledge- including freedom of human rights , specially right to freedom of speech, both, online and offline. Hence, it is suggested to policy makers to improve or repeal the current status of PECA-2016 on priority basis.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Supervision and Teachers’ Performance and Attitude in Secondary Schools in Malaysia

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402092550
Author(s):  
Kazi Enamul Hoque ◽  
Husaina Banu Bt Kenayathulla ◽  
Malar Vili D/O Subramaniam ◽  
Reazul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Supervision Practices ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supervisory Practices ◽  
Analyze Data

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between supervision and teachers’ performance and attitude in secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is a quantitative study where the 5-point Likert-type-scale questionnaire was used to analyze data using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. This study entailed respondents from various schools in one of the districts in Kuala Lumpur which comprises 200 teachers and 50 supervisors. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the status of supervision practices, teachers’ attitude toward supervision, and teachers’ level of performance after supervision. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships between supervision (supervisory practices–directive, collaborative, and nondirective approach) and teachers’ performance and attitude. The current status of supervisory practices, teachers’ attitude toward supervision, and teachers’ performance after supervision is found at moderate level in secondary schools in Malaysia. As a whole, supervisory practices are not correlated with teachers’ performance and attitude. But worthy to mention, directive supervision is positively and significantly related to teachers’ performance and attitude. This study result will benefit the policy makers, school supervisors and headmasters to choose the right kind of supervisory practices which can contribute to better teaching performance.

scholarly journals Perception of Consumer Rights among the College Students: A Case of Tikapur Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Dhabindra Rawal
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Basic Consumer

This study aims at examining consumes’ perception towards marketing practices and consumer rights in Tikapur Municipality, Kailali based on an empirical study of college students in connection to John Kennedy’s bill of four consumer rights, namely, the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard. This study depends on a convenience sample of 60 students selected from Management, Education and Humanities faculties studying in graduate level at Tikapur Multiple Campus and Birendra Vidhya Mandir Campus at Tikapur, with a structured questionnaire to measure consumer attitudes regarding the four basic consumer rights, utilizing a fivepoint Likert Scale for measurement. The overall findings communicate that the current consumers’ attitudes towards marketing practices related to protection of consumer rights is low favorable, indicating that more work will be needed for improvement. This study explores the status of perceived consumer rights for the first time in study area. It suggests marketers and public policy makers to pay more attention to the current status of consumer rights, and formulate more useful legislations with implications for better business strategies.

scholarly journals Examination of Restriction of Free Speech under International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in Reference to Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 939-945
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Cyber Law

This study aimed to explore the regime for the restriction of freedom of speech under ICCPR. Besides, it assesses the standards and level of freedom of speech restriction under technology law in Pakistan, PECA-2016. A through document analysis of ICCPR and cyber law depicts that at the standards for freedom of speech is far below then the criteria given in an Article 19(3). Furthermore, it appeals to the policy makers and legislators to bring the restriction of freedom of speech in technology law Pakistan at par with that of ICCPR. Nevertheless, it should be amended or repealed to improve the standards for the freedom of speech in the technology law in Pakistan (PECA-2016).

Problems of Legal Regulation in the Digital Space Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
A. N. Vashchekin ◽  
◽  
A. V. Dzedzinsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Balance Of Interests ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Right

Introduction. The era of digitalization sets for researchers the task of systematizing the essential features of digital space, identifying the essence of the “right to the Internet” and the legitimacy of limiting the digital rights of citizens. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The authors studied the peculiarities of the digital environment as a specific integral area of legal regulation, the doctrine and legislation of several countries on the topic which determines the basis for the regulation of digital space in Russia. The formal legal method, synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction were used as research methods. Results. The wording of the basic concepts in the area under study is proposed: digital space, digital region, digital platform, etc. The measures to eliminate “digital wells” are indicated. The main properties of the information space and its derivatives are considered. The effects of any contradictions in the legislation of the country are shown. Discussion and Conclusion. As the study showed, the latest innovations in the legislation contravene the principle of the balance of interests, fail to meet the requirements of observing the rights of a person and citizen, and contradict the Constitution and international treaties of Russia. When comparing these measures with their foreign counterparts, a search was made for their potential shortcomings and proposals were presented on possible directions for their correction, taking into account the particular characteristics of digital space.

PERSECUTION AND THE ART OF FREEDOM: ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF FREE PRESS AND FREE SPEECH IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
Khalil M. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Free Press ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractAccording to Tocqueville, the freedom of the press, which he treats as an extension of the freedom of speech, is a primary constituent element of liberty. Tocqueville treats the freedom of the press in relation to and as an extension of the right to assemble and govern one’s own affairs, both of which he argues are essential to preserving liberty in a free society. Although scholars acknowledge the importance of civil associations to liberty in Tocqueville’s political thought, they routinely ignore the importance he places on the freedom of the press and speech. His reflections on the importance of the free press and speech may help to shed light on the dangers of recent attempts to censor the press and speech.

scholarly journals Value of PET imaging for radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Lapa ◽  
Ursula Nestle ◽  
Nathalie L. Albert ◽  
Christian Baues ◽  
Ambros Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Radiation Treatment Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Positron Emission

AbstractThis comprehensive review written by experts in their field gives an overview on the current status of incorporating positron emission tomography (PET) into radiation treatment planning. Moreover, it highlights ongoing studies for treatment individualisation and per-treatment tumour response monitoring for various primary tumours. Novel tracers and image analysis methods are discussed. The authors believe this contribution to be of crucial value for experts in the field as well as for policy makers deciding on the reimbursement of this powerful imaging modality.

Stabilizing American Society: Kenneth Boulding and the Integration of the Social Sciences, 1943–1980

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right

ArgumentFor more than thirty years after World War II, the unconventional economist Kenneth E. Boulding (1910–1993) was a fervent advocate of the integration of the social sciences. Building on common general principles from various fields, notably economics, political science, and sociology, Boulding claimed that an integrated social science in which mental images were recognized as the main determinant of human behavior would allow for a better understanding of society. Boulding's approach culminated in the social triangle, a view of society as comprised of three main social organizers – exchange, threat, and love – combined in varying proportions. According to this view, the problems of American society were caused by an unbalanced combination of these three organizers. The goal of integrated social scientific knowledge was therefore to help policy makers achieve the “right” proportions of exchange, threat, and love that would lead to social stabilization. Though he was hopeful that cross-disciplinary exchanges would overcome the shortcomings of too narrow specialization, Boulding found that rather than being the locus of a peaceful and mutually beneficial exchange, disciplinary boundaries were often the occasion of conflict and miscommunication.

Providing Data for Educational Policy in an International Context: The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Beaton ◽  
Michael O. Martin ◽  
Ina V.S. Mullis
Keyword(s):  
International Perspective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Policy-makers in many nations of the world are involved in educational reforms. In order to make effective educational decisions for the 21st century, policy-makers need information of a wide variety of kinds, for example, comparative performance data and curriculum information from other nations. National assessments can be valuable, but international surveys provide a broader base of information and allow countries to view their current status and planning within an international perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe the goals of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study and the steps being followed to insure that the results from the study will meet the diverse informational needs of policy-makers.

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