scholarly journals VASCULARIZATION OF THE HEART IN THE AMERICAN MINK

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Tyaglova ◽  
◽  
R.I. Sitdikov ◽  
A.Z. Karimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Intercostal Space

The heart of the American mink is oval in shape, it receives blood supply from the coronal right (d=2 mm) and left arteries (d=1 mm) coming from the ascending part of the aortic arch. The cranial border of the heart is located at the level of 6-7 ribs, and its tip is directed to the left, lies in the region of 8-10 intercostal space. By the nature of the branching of the coronary arteries, the heart of the mink has a left-ventricular type of vascularization, since the left coronary artery feeds most of the organ with blood.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the coronary arteries: a rare cause of death in infants and young children

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Mogler ◽  
Wolfgang Springer ◽  
Matthias Gorenflo
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia is a common vascular disease, which mainly affects the renal arteries. In this study, we report the case of a 1-day-old infant who presented with severe left ventricular dysfunction immediately after birth, and subsequently died 3 days postnatally. At autopsy, an extensive myocardial infarction of the left ventricle and the septum was found, caused by an isolated fibromuscular dysplasia of left coronary artery.

scholarly journals Macroscopic description of the coronary arteries in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yoldas ◽  
E. Ozmen ◽  
V. Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Macroscopic Description ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Right

A total of 25 (13 male, 12 female) adult, healthy Swiss albino mice were used to investigate the origin, course and anastomoses of coronary arteries. Coloured latex was injected into the aortic arch to enable these arteries to be clearly discerned. A. coronaria sinistra was larger than A. coronaria dextra. It was divided into a Ramus interventricularis paraconalis and a Ramus circumflexus sinister. However, in 2 specimens, the septal ramus, was observed to stem directly from the left coronary artery, and only 1 ventricular branch arose from the left circumflex. The collateral branches of the paraconal interventricular ramus had a larger diameter and more extensive distribution was observed in these specimens. The A. coronaria dextra was divided into a Ramus septalis and Ramus circumflexus dexter. The Ramus interventricularis subsinuosis was not detected in this study. The ventricular branches of the left coronary artery run intramyocardially whereas the branches of the right coronary artery course subendocardially.

Regularities in the distribution of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
E. G. Dmitrieva ◽  
A. A. Yakimov
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Myocardial Bridges ◽  
The Right

The article highlights peculiarities of localization of myocardial bridges. It is believed that the coronary arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial tissue. However, some researchers describe cases of intramural localization of their sections. Myocardial bridges – a set of fibers of the ventricular myocardium located over a certain area of the subepicardial branch of the coronary artery - represent variants of such localization.The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of macroscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges investigating anatomical sections of the human heart in the adult and elderly people. Material and methods. The study involved 65 formalin-fixed sample preparations of the human heart of the adult and elderly people who died of conditions that were not associated with heart diseases. The authors measured transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart, and calculated the transverse-longitudinal index. Subepicardial vessels were prepared without prior injection. The number of myocardial bridges over the main branches of the coronary arteries was counted and their length was measured. The type of blood supply to the heart was determined according to a three-member classification, depending on the source of discharge of the posterior interventricular branch. Results. Myocardial bridges were observed on 44 (67.6%) sample preparations. As a rule, they were located over the branches of the left coronary artery (91.5%). They were typically located in the proximal half of the anterior interventricular sulcus. The length of the bridges ranged from 2.5 to 64 mm (Me = 13 mm). A direct positive correlation was found between the length of the ventricular complex of the heart and the length of the bridges. The relationship between the type of blood supply to the heart and the presence of bridges was not revealed. In 26 preparations, a cone artery departed from the right coronary sinus of the aorta, in addition to the right coronary artery, and bridges were observed in 17 sample preparations. Conclusion. Myocardial bridges are more typical for the branches of the left coronary artery compared to the right. They are typically localized in the proximal third of the anterior interventricular sulcus. There is a dependence between the length of the bridges and the length of the ventricular complex of the heart. The distribution and number of myocardial bridges does not depend on the type of blood supply to the heart, but is associated with the independent discharge of the cone artery from the aorta.

Identification, imaging, functional assessment and management of congenital coronary arterial abnormalities in children

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (S4) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Friedman ◽  
Mark A. Fogel ◽  
Paul Stephens ◽  
Jeffrey C. Hellinger ◽  
David G. Nykanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe coronary arteries, the vessels through which both substrate and oxygen are provided to the cardiac muscle, normally arise from paired stems, right and left, each arising from a separate and distinct sinus of the aortic valve. The right coronary artery runs through the right atrioventricular groove, terminating in the majority of instances in the inferior interventricular groove. The main stem of the left coronary artery bifurcates into the anterior descending, or interventricular, and the circumflex branches. Origin of the anterior descending and circumflex arteries from separate orifices from the left sinus of Valsalva occurs in about 1% of the population, while it is also frequent to find the infundibular artery arising as a separate branch from the right sinus of Valsalva.Anomalies of the coronary arteries can result from rudimentary persistence of an embryologic coronary arterial structure, failure of normal development or normal atrophy as part of development, or misplacement of connection of a an otherwise normal coronary artery. Anomalies, therefore, can be summarized in terms of abnormal origin or course, abnormal number of coronary arteries, lack of patency of the orifice of coronary artery, or abnormal connections of the arteries.Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk occurs with an incidence of approximately 1 in 300,000 children. The degree of left ventricular dysfunction produced likely relates to the development of collateral vessels that arise from the right coronary artery, and provide flow into the left system. Anomalous origin of either the right or the left coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva can be relatively innocuous, but if the anomalous artery takes an interarterial course between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, this can underlie sudden death, almost invariably during or immediately following strenuous exercise or competitive sporting events. Distal anomalies of the coronary arteries most commonly involve abnormal connections, or fistulas, between the right or left coronary arterial systems and a chamber or vessel.We discuss the current techniques available for imaging these various lesions, along with their functional assessment, concluding with a summary of current strategies for management.

Repair of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) beyond Infancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Talwar ◽  
Aandrei Jivendra Jha ◽  
Shiv Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Saurabh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Balram Airan
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Anomalous Left Coronary

Between January 2002 and December 2012, five patients (4 female) underwent corrective surgery for anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). They were older than 1 year (range, 3-56 years). One of the 2 patients younger than 10 years had presented with congestive heart failure, and the other had experienced repeated episodes of lower respiratory tract infection since childhood. Of the remaining 3 adult patients, 2 had experienced angina with effort, and 1 patient had had repeated respiratory tract infections since childhood, with mild dyspnea on effort of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II. Three patients had the anomalous left coronary artery implanted directly into the ascending aorta via coronary-button transfer, and 2 patients underwent coronary artery bypass with obliteration of the left main ostium. Two patients underwent concomitant mitral valve repair procedures, and 1 patient underwent direct closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Four patients survived the surgery, and 1 patient died because of a persistently low cardiac output. Follow-up times ranged from 3 months to 4 years. All survivors are in NYHA class I and have left ventricular ejection fractions of 45% to 60%, with moderate (n = 1), mild (n = 1), or no (n = 2) mitral insufficiency. We conclude that a few naturally selected patients with ALCAPA do survive beyond infancy and can undergo establishment of 2 coronary systems with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of non-invasive coronary artery flow velocity assessment in elderly patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kalinina ◽  
A Zagatina ◽  
N Zhuravskaya ◽  
D Shmatov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Maximal Velocity

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background There is a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the elderly population. However, symptoms of CAD are often non-specific. Dyspnoe, non-anginal pains are among the main symptoms in older patients. Exercise tests are of limited feasibility in these patients, due to neuro-muscular weakness, physical deconditioning, and orthopaedic limitations. Pharmacological tests often are contraindicated in a substantial percentage of elderly patients. Some recent studies indicate using local flow acceleration during routine echocardiography has prognostic potential for coronary artery assessments without stress testing. The aim of the study was to define the prognostic value of coronary artery ultrasound assessment in patients ≥75 years old. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Patients ≥ 75 years old who underwent routine echocardiography with additional scans for coronary arteries over a period of 24 months were included in the study. The study group consisted of 80 patients aged 75-90 years (56 women; mean age 79 ± 4). Initial exams were performed for other reasons, primarily for arterial hypertension. Fifteen patients had known CAD. Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE). All patients were followed up with at a median of 32 months. Results There were 34 patients with high local velocities in the left coronary artery. Eight deaths, two non-fatal myocardial infarctions occurred, and 13 revascularizations were performed. With a ROC analysis, a coronary flow velocity >110 cm/s was the best predictor for risk of death (area under curve 0.84 [95% CI 0.74–0.92]; sensitivity 75%; specificity 88%). Only the maximal velocity in proximal left-sided coronary arteries was independently associated with death (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01; 1.05; p < 0.002), or death/MI (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01; 1.04; p < 0.0001). The cut-off value of 66 cm/s was a predictor of all MACE (area under curve 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.94]; sensitivity 80%; specificity 86%). Any causes of death or MI occurred more frequently in patients with velocities of >66 cm/s (27% vs. 2%; p < 0.002). The rates of MACE were 58.0% vs. 2%; p < 0.0000001, respectively. Conclusion The analysis of coronary flow in the left coronary artery during echocardiography can be used as a predictor of outcomes in elderly patients. Maximal velocities in proximal left-sided coronary arteries is independently associated with further death or myocardial infarction.

Outcomes of surgical repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tong Feng ◽  
Guo Zhangke ◽  
Bai Song ◽  
Fan Fan ◽  
Zhen Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
Dimension Index

Abstract Objectives: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is associated with high mortality if not timely surgery. We reviewed our experience with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery to assess the preoperative variables predictive of outcome and post-operative recovery of left ventricular function. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted and collected data from patients who underwent anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery repair at our institute from April 2005 to December 2019. Left ventricular function was assessed by ejection fraction and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index. The outcomes of reimplantation repair were analysed. Results: A total of 30 consecutive patients underwent anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery repair, with a median age of 14.7 months (range, 1.5–59.6 months), including 14 females (46.67%). Surgery was performed with direct coronary reimplantation in 12 patients (40%) and the coronary lengthening technique in 18 (60%). Twelve patients had concomitant mitral annuloplasty. There were two in-hospital deaths (6.67%), no patients required mechanical support, and no late deaths occurred. Follow-up echocardiograms demonstrated significant improvement between the post-operative time point and the last follow-up in ejection fraction (49.43%±19.92% vs 60.21%±8.27%, p < 0.01) and in moderate or more severe mitral regurgitation (19/30 vs 5/28, p < 0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index decreased from 101.91 ± 23.07 to 65.06 ± 12.82 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Surgical repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery has good mid-term results with low mortality and reintervention rates. The coronary lengthening technique has good operability and leads to excellent cardiac recovery. The decision to concomitantly correct mitral regurgitation should be flexible and be based on the pathological changes of the mitral valve and the degree of mitral regurgitation.

Coronary artery z score values in adolescent elite male soccer players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stephan Gerling ◽  
Tobias Pollinger ◽  
Markus Johann Dechant ◽  
Michael Melter ◽  
Werner Krutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: With the increased training loads at very early ages in European elite youth soccer, there is an interest to analyse coronary artery remodelling due to high-intensity exercise. Design and methods: Prospective echocardiographic study in 259 adolescent elite male soccer players and 48 matched controls. Results: The mean age was 12.7 ± 0.63 years in soccer players and 12.6 ± 0.7 years in controls (p > 0.05). Soccer players had significant greater indexed left ventricular mass (93 ± 13 g/m2 versus 79 ± 12 g/m2, p = 0.001). Both coronary arteries origin could be identified in every participant. In soccer players, the mean diameter of the left main coronary artery was 3.67 mm (SD ± 0.59) and 2.61 mm (SD ± 0.48) for right main coronary artery. Controls showed smaller mean luminal diameter (left main coronary artery, p = 0.01; right main coronary artery, p = 0.025). In soccer players, a total of 91% (n = 196) and in controls a total of 94% (n = 45) showed left main coronary artery z scores within the normal range: −2.0 to 2.0. In right main coronary artery, a pattern of z score values distribution was comparable (soccer players 94%, n = 202 vs. controls 84%, n = 40). A subgroup of soccer players had supernormal z score values (>2.0 to 2.5) for left main coronary artery (9%, n = 19, p = 0.01) and right main coronary artery (6%, n = 10, p = 0.025), respectively. Conclusion: Elite soccer training in early adolescence may be a stimulus strong enough to develop increased coronary arteries diameters. In soccer players, a coronary artery z score >2.0–2.5 might reflect a physiologic response induced by multiannual high-intensity training.

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