Evaluation of the composition of essential fatty acids in the tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in closed water supply units

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
E.A. Zykina ◽  
M.V. Gurin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aquaculture Products

Recently, the task of artificial cultivation of especially valuable fish species in aquaculture has become more and more urgent. The value of salmon fish, and in particular rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) available for breeding, is largely determined by the high content of biologically active essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the group ω-6 and ω-3, necessary for vital activity and not synthesized by the human body. Since the natural stocks of many popular fatty fish have decreased, farmed fish can help meet consumer demand for this product. Based on this, the assessment of the content of the main ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids in the fat of rainbow trout grown in closed-loop water supply installations (USV) was made. The fat was extracted from the fish by thermal method with further distillation by supercritical fluid extraction on the SFT-150 unit. The ratio of fatty acids in the fish oil sample was determined using the Chromatek-Kristall-5000 M hardware and software complex. The results obtained were compared with the standard for salmon fish oil “Aquaculture products” and “Wild fish”. It is established that trout cultivated in the UZV in the Penza region, in terms of the content of the main essential fatty acids, is not inferior to the quality indicators of the standard in terms of the requirements for salmon fish of “Aquaculture products”. In fish, all essential fatty acids are present in sufficient quantities, the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 is 2.6:1, which indicates a high nutritional value of the product and allows it to be used in human food to provide the body with essential fatty acids, as well as a raw material for obtaining therapeutic and preventive products.

scholarly journals Apparent Digestibility of Macronutrients and Fatty Acids from Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) Fed to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Potential Candidate for Fish Oil Substitution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Amélie Bélanger ◽  
Pallab K. Sarker ◽  
Dominique P. Bureau ◽  
Yvan Chouinard ◽  
Grant W. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aquaculture Feed

Aquaculture feed formulation has recently turned its focus to reduce the reliance on marine-derived resources and utilise alternative feedstuffs, as an approach to improve the environmental sustainability of the aquaculture sector. The fish oil market is highly volatile, and availability of this commodity is continuously decreasing for use in aquaculture. Currently, a growing number of commercial efforts producing microalgae are providing omega 3-rich oil for sustainable aquaculture feed. This study was focused to determine the nutrient digestibility of a marine microalga, Schizochytrium spp., which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), as a novel dietary lipid source that could be utilized effectively by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A whole-cell Schizochytrium spp. biomass was used in the digestibility experiment at two different temperatures, 8 °C and 15 °C. No significant differences were detected between the two temperatures for the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dry matter (94.3 ± 4.9%), total lipids (85.8 ± 0.0%), crude proteins (89.5 ± 1.8%), energy (83.1 ± 1.7%) and fatty acids (85.8 ± 7.5%). The ADCs of the nutrients, energy, DHA and other fatty acids showed that Schizochytrium spp. is a high-quality candidate for fish oil substitution and supplement of LC-PUFA in fish feed with vegetable oils.

Selective utilization of fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) red muscle mitochondria

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Kiessling ◽  
A. Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Red Muscle

This study was undertaken to establish whether fatty acids are generally oxidized at the same rate or if a pattern of oxidation rates exists to protect certain fatty acids from degradation for ATP formation. Beta-oxidation was studied in red muscle mitochondria of 10 major fatty acids that are acquired in the diet and occur in the fat depots of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The mitochondria were isolated by fractional centrifugation and the fatty acids were added as coenzyme A esters in the presence of carnitine. The fatty acids could be separated into roughly three groups in relation to their oxidation rates. Two fatty acids (14:0 and 16:0) were oxidized as rapidly as pyruvate. Another six acids (16:1 n − 7, 18:0, 18:1 n − 9, 20:1 n − 9, 22:1 n − 9 and 22:6 n − 3) were oxidized at about three-quarters to one-half the rate of pyruvate. The two essential fatty acids (18:2 n − 6 and 18:3 n − 3) had a slow oxidation rate, about one-fifth of that of pyruvate. The liver mitochondria from rainbow trout oxidized 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 at the same rate, 70–80% of that of pyruvate. These results show that rainbow trout red muscle discriminates between fatty acids used in energy production and essential fatty acid precursors, as indicated by the low β-oxidation rate of the latter acids.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable and ocean-friendly aquafeeds: Evaluating a fish-free feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using three marine microalgae species

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallab K. Sarker ◽  
Anne R. Kapuscinski ◽  
Grant W. Vandenberg ◽  
Emilie Proulx ◽  
Alexander J. Sitek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Aquaculture, the fastest growing food sector, is expected to expand to produce an additional 30 million metric tons of fish by 2030, thus filling the gap in supplies of seafood for humans. Salmonids aquaculture exploits the vast majority of fishmeal and fish oil rendered from ocean-dwelling forage fish. Most forage fish diverted to these commodities are human-food grade, and all are primary prey for marine predators. Rising costs, price volatility, and environmental sustainability concerns of using these commodities for aquaculture feed are driving the global search for alternatives, including marine microalgae originating from the base of marine food webs but produced in culture. We report the first evaluation of two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp., for their potential to fully replace fishmeal and fish oil in diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important model for all salmonid aquaculture. We conducted a digestibility experiment with dried whole cells of Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp., followed by a growth experiment using feeds with different combinations of Nannochloropsis sp., Isochrysis sp., and Schizochytrium sp. We found that digestibilities of crude protein, crude lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), n6 (omega 6) PUFA in Isochrysis sp. were significantly higher than those in Nannochloropsis sp. Digestibility results suggest that for rainbow trout diets Isochrysis sp. is a better substitute for fishmeal and fish oil than Nannochloropsis sp. The lower feed intake by fish fed diets combining multiple microalgae, compared to fish fed the reference diet, was a primary cause of the growth retardation. In trout fillets, we detected an equal amount of DHA in fish fed fish-free diet and reference diet. This study suggests that Isochrysis sp. and Schizochytrium sp. are good candidates for DHA supplementation in trout diet formulations.

Myotomal slow muscle function of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during steady swimming.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hammond ◽  
J D Altringham ◽  
C S Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Strain and activity patterns were determined during slow steady swimming (tailbeat frequency 1.5-2.5 Hz) at three locations on the body in the slow myotomal muscle of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using sonomicrometry and electromyography. Strain was independent of tailbeat frequency over the range studied and increased significantly from +/-3.3 % l0 at 0.35BL to +/-6 % at 0.65BL, where l0 is muscle resting length and BL is total body length. Muscle activation occurred significantly later in the strain cycle at 0.35BL (phase shift 59 degrees) than at 0.65BL (30 degrees), and the duration of activity was significantly longer (211 degrees at 0.35BL and 181 degrees at 0.65BL). These results differ from those of previous studies. The results have been used to simulate in vivo activity in isolated muscle preparations using the work loop technique. Preparations from all three locations generated net positive power under in vivo conditions, but the negative power component increased from head to tail. Both kinematically, and in the way its muscle functions to generate hydrodynamic thrust, the rainbow trout appears to be intermediate between anguilliform swimmers such as the eel, which generate thrust along their entire body length, and carangiform fish (e.g. saithe Pollachius virens), which generate thrust primarily at the tail blade.

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