First reliable records of Cryptodendrum adhaesivum (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Thalassianthidae) for the coastal waters of Vietnam and the Spratly Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
S.D. Grebelnyi ◽  
Tran Van Dat
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Spratly Islands ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Tropical Sea ◽  
First Time

The tropical sea anemone Cryptodendrum adhaesivum Klunzinger, 1877 is reliably recorded from the coastal waters of Vietnam and the Spratly Islands for the first time. Its presence there is docu­mented by collected specimens, in situ observations during scuba diving, as well as numerous photographs taken during the expeditions of the Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological ­Centre, carried out from 2007 to 2021. The main morphological characters for the identification of the species are given and illustrated.

scholarly journals New records of the rare gastropods Erato voluta and Simnia patula, and first record of Simnia hiscocki from Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jon-Arne Sneli ◽  
Torkild Bakken
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
First Record ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Live Specimen ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
First Time

<p>New records of rare gastropod species are reported. A live specimen of <em>Erato voluta</em> (Gastropoda: Triviidae), a species considered to have a far more southern distribution, has been found from outside the Trondheimsfjord. The specimen was sampled from a gravel habitat with <em>Modiolus</em> shells at 49–94 m depth, and was found among compound ascidians, its typical food resource. Live specimens of <em>Simnia patula</em> (Caenogastropoda: Ovulidae) have during the later years repeatedly been observed on locations on the coast of central Norway, which is documented by in situ observations. In Egersund on the southwest coast of Norway a specimen of <em>Simnia hiscocki</em> was in March 2017 observed for the first time from Norwegian waters, a species earlier only found on the south-west coast of England. Also this was documented by pictures and in situ observations. The specimen of <em>Simnia hiscocki</em> was for the first time found on the octocoral <em>Swiftia pallida</em>.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Introduction: Process studies at the air–sea interface after atmospheric deposition in the Mediterranean Sea – objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME oceanographic campaign (May–June 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 5563-5585
Author(s):  
Cécile Guieu ◽  
Fabrizio D'Ortenzio ◽  
François Dulac ◽  
Vincent Taillandier ◽  
Andrea Doglioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Action Strategy ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Abstract. In spring, the Mediterranean Sea, a well-stratified low-nutrient–low-chlorophyll region, receives atmospheric deposition by both desert dust from the Sahara and airborne particles from anthropogenic sources. Such deposition translates into a supply of new nutrients and trace metals for the surface waters that likely impact biogeochemical cycles. However, the relative impacts of the processes involved are still far from being assessed in situ. After summarizing the knowledge on dust deposition and its impact on the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry, we present in this context the objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME project and cruise. Atmospheric and marine in situ observations and process studies have been conducted in contrasted areas encountering different atmospheric deposition context, including a dust deposition event that our dedicated “fast-action” strategy allowed us to catch. Process studies also include artificial dust seeding experiments conducted on board in large tanks in three ecoregions of the open waters of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. This paper summarizes the work performed at sea and the type of data acquired in the atmosphere, at the air–sea interface and in the water column. An overview of the results presented in papers of this special issue (and in some others published elsewhere) is presented.

scholarly journals In situ observations of stratospheric HCl using three-mirror integrated cavity output spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3597-3613
Author(s):  
Jordan Wilkerson ◽  
David S. Sayres ◽  
Jessica B. Smith ◽  
Norton Allen ◽  
Marco Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cavity Output ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Catalytic Processes ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Stratospheric HCl observations are an important diagnostic for the evaluation of catalytic processes that impact the ozone layer. We report here in situ balloon-borne observations of HCl employing an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS) fitted with a reinjection mirror. Laboratory assessments demonstrated that the spectrometer has a 90 % response time of 10 s to changes in HCl and a 30 s precision of 26 pptv. The instrument was deployed alongside an ozone instrument in August 2018 on a balloon-borne descent between 20–80 hPa (29–18 km altitude). The observations agreed with nearby satellite measurements made by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder within 10 % on average. This is the first time that stratospheric measurements of HCl have been made with ICOS and the first time any cavity-enhanced HCl instrument has been tested in flight.

scholarly journals In situ observations of stratospheric HCl using three-mirror integrated cavity output spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Wilkerson ◽  
David S. Sayres ◽  
Jessica B. Smith ◽  
Norton Allen ◽  
Marco Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Cavity Output ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Catalytic Processes ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Stratospheric HCl observations are an important diagnostic for the evaluation of catalytic processes that impact the ozone layer. We report here in situ balloon-borne observations of HCl employing an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (ICOS) fitted with a re-injection mirror. The spectrometer has a 90 % response time of 10 s to changes in HCl and a 30 s precision of 26 pptv. The instrument was deployed alongside an ozone instrument in August 2018 on a balloon-borne descent between 20–80 hPa (29–18 km altitude). The observations agreed with nearby satellite measurements (MLS) within 10 % on average. This is the first time that stratospheric measurements of HCl have been made with ICOS and the first time any cavity enhanced HCl instrument has been tested in-flight.

scholarly journals Extreme event occurrences and impacts in coastal waters of western Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Poppeschi ◽  
Maximilian Unterberger ◽  
Guillaume Charria ◽  
Peggy Rimmelin-Maury ◽  
Eric Goberville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
The Relationship

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Extreme event occurrences and impacts in coastal waters of western Europe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coline Poppeschi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Maximilian Unterberger&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Guillaume Charria&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Eric Goberville&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Nicolas Barrier&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Emilie Grossteffan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Michel Repecaud&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Loi&amp;#776;c Quemener&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Se&amp;#769;bastien Theetten&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, S&amp;#233;bastien Petton&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, Jean-Fran&amp;#231;ois Le Roux&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Paul Tre&amp;#769;guer&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Ifremer, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d'Oc&amp;#233;anographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29280 Brest, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;OSU-Institut Universitaire Europe&amp;#769;en de la Mer (IUEM), UMS3113, F-29280, Plouzane&amp;#769;, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;Muse&amp;#769;um National d&amp;#8217;Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA, Sorbonne Universite&amp;#769;, CNRS, UCN, UA, IRD, Paris, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;IUEM, UMR-CNRS 6539 Laboratoire de l&amp;#8217;Environnement Marin (LEMAR), OSU IUEM, F-29280, Plouzane&amp;#769;, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;MARBEC, Universite&amp;#769; de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ifremer, Institut de Recherche pour le De&amp;#769;veloppement (IRD), F-34203 Se&amp;#768;te, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6 &lt;/sup&gt;Ifremer, Centre de Brest, REM/RDT/DCM, F-29280, Plouzane&amp;#769;, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7 &lt;/sup&gt;Ifremer, Centre de Brest, RBE/PFOM/LPI, F-29840, Argenton en Landunvez, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; The occurrence and the impact of the atmospheric extreme events in coastal waters of western Europe is evolving. Responses of the coastal environment to those events and evolutions need to be explored and explained. In this framework, the hydrodynamical and biogeochemical processes driven by extreme events in the bay of Brest are studied to better estimate their impacts on the local ecosystem. We are analyzing long-term in situ observations (since 2000), sampled at high and low frequencies, from the COAST-HF and SOMLIT network sites, located at the entrance to the bay of Brest. This study is divided into two main parts: the detection and characterization of extreme events, followed by the analysis of a realistic numerical simulation of these events to understand the underlying ocean processes. We focus on freshwater events during the winter months (December, January, February and March), considering the season with most of extreme event occurrence. The relationship between local extreme events and variability at larger scales, considering climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is detailed. A comparison between the low frequency data from the SOMLIT network and the high frequency data from the COAST-HF network is carried out, highlighting the potential of high frequency measurements for the detection of extreme events. A comparison between in situ data and two numerical simulations of different resolutions is also performed over salinity time series. The interannual variability of extreme event occurrences and features in a context of climate change is also discussed. The link between these extreme low salinity events and the winter nitrate levels in the bay of Brest is shown. Then, we investigate the relationship between extreme events and biology in the coastal environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In-situ observations, High and low frequency measurements, Extreme events, Numerical simulations, Bay of Brest, Weather regimes.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bertolino ◽  
Gabriele Costa ◽  
Giorgio Bavestrello ◽  
Maurizio Pansini ◽  
Giovanni Daneri
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
First Time

Until now, only 177 species of sponges (Porifera) have been reported for Chilean coastal waters. Here we describe recent scuba diving surveys undertaken to improve our knowledge of the diversity of the sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal in Chilean Patagonia. Despite these relatively harsh environments, our study yielded 23 species of Demospongiae, nine of which are new to science and described here: Hymerabdia imperfecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella coronata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna aurantiaca Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna erecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna typica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Scopalina cribrosa Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Rhizaxinella strongylata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. and Darwinella pronzatoi Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. One species, Hymedesmia (Stylopus) lissostyla (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988), is reported for the first time for Chile.

scholarly journals Process studies at the air-sea interface after atmospheric deposition in the Mediterranean Sea: objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME oceanographic campaign (May–June 2017)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Guieu ◽  
Fabrizio D'Ortenzio ◽  
François Dulac ◽  
Vincent Taillandier ◽  
Andrea Doglioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Abstract. In spring, the Mediterranean Sea, a well-stratified low nutrient low chlorophyll region, receives atmospheric deposition both desert dust from the Sahara and airborne particles from anthropogenic sources. Such deposition translates into a supply of new nutrients and trace metals for the surface waters that likely impact biogeochemical cycles. However, the quantification of the impacts and the processes involved are still far from being assessed in situ. In this paper, we provide a state of the art regarding dust deposition and its impact on the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry and we describe in this context the objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME project and cruise, entirely dedicated to filling this knowledge gap. Our strategy to go a step forward than in previous approaches in understanding these impacts by catching a real deposition event at sea is detailed. The PEACETIME oceanographic campaign took place in May–June 2017 and we describe how we were able to successfully adapt the planned transect in order to sample a Saharan dust deposition event, thanks to a dedicated strategy, so-called Fast Action. That was successful, providing, for the first time in our knowledge, a coupled atmospheric and oceanographic sampling before, during and after an atmospheric deposition event. Atmospheric and marine in situ observations and process studies have been conducted in contrasted area and we summarize the work performed at sea, the type of data acquired and their valorization in the papers published in the special issue.

The Comet Interceptor Mission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint H. Jones ◽  
Colin Snodgrass ◽  
Cecilia Tubiana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Composition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Wind Interaction ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Interplanetary Trajectory ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coma Region

&lt;div&gt;Comet Interceptor was selected in 2019 as the European Space Agency's next planetary mission, to which the Japanese space agency, JAXA, will make a major contribution. The mission is ESA's first Fast (F) project, and its primary science goal is to characterise, for the first time, a long period comet, preferably dynamically-new, or an interstellar object. An encounter with one of these objects for the first time will provide valuable data to complement that from all previous comet missions, which have by necessity studied short-period comets that have evolved during their time orbiting near the Sun from their original condition. Planned measurements of the target include its surface composition, shape, and structure, its dust environment, and the composition of the gas coma. A unique, multi-point &amp;#8216;snapshot&amp;#8217; measurement of the comet- solar wind interaction region is to be obtained, complementing single spacecraft observations made at other comets. The spacecraft will be delivered to Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L2 with the ESA Ariel mission in 2029, a relatively stable location suitable for later injection onto an interplanetary trajectory to intersect the path of its target. A suitable new comet would be searched for from Earth prior to launch, and after launch if necessary, with short period comets serving as a backup destinations. With the advent of powerful facilities such as the Vera Rubin Observatory, the prospects of finding a suitable comet nearing the Sun are very promising. The possibility may exist for the spacecraft to encounter an interstellar object if one is found on a suitable trajectory. When approaching the target, two sub-spacecraft &amp;#8211; one provided by ESA, the other by JAXA, would be released from the primary craft. The main spacecraft, which would act as the primary communication point for the whole constellation, would be targeted to pass outside the hazardous inner coma, making remote and in situ observations on the sunward side of the comet. The two sub-spacecraft will be targeted closer to the nucleus and inner coma region. We shall describe the science drivers, planned observations, and the mission&amp;#8217;s instrument complement, to be provided by consortia of institutions in Europe and Japan.&lt;/div&gt;

In situ observations of electromigration induced void behavior

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
T. Marieb ◽  
J. C. Bravman ◽  
P. Flinn ◽  
D. Gardner ◽  
M. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Backscatter Electron Detector ◽  
Voltage Scanning

Electromigration and stress voiding have been active areas of research in the microelectronics industry for many years. While accelerated testing of these phenomena has been performed for the last 25 years[1-2], only recently has the introduction of high voltage scanning electron microscopy (HVSEM) made possible in situ testing of realistic, passivated, full thickness samples at high resolution.With a combination of in situ HVSEM and post-testing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) , electromigration void nucleation sites in both normal polycrystalline and near-bamboo pure Al were investigated. The effect of the microstructure of the lines on the void motion was also studied.The HVSEM used was a slightly modified JEOL 1200 EX II scanning TEM with a backscatter electron detector placed above the sample[3]. To observe electromigration in situ the sample was heated and the line had current supplied to it to accelerate the voiding process. After testing lines were prepared for TEM by employing the plan-view wedge technique [6].

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

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