scholarly journals Pertussis in the Voronezh Region: Epidemiology and Vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
N. P. Mamchik ◽  
N. V. Gabbasova ◽  
T. N. Sitnik ◽  
L. V. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
School Age ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

Relevance. In recent years, the increase in the incidence of pertussis has been observed in many countries despite high vaccination coverage of the child population.Purpose: was to study the epidemiological features of whooping cough in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 years.Methods. The research material was data the annual form No. 2, 5, 6 of Rosstat for 2008 through 2018. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007.Results. The epidemiological features of pertussis in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 have been studied. Despite the high coverage of preventive vaccinations in children of the first years of life, in recent years, the incidence of pertussis increased the average Russian rates by 3,5 times. In the age structure of the diseased there was a tendency to increase the proportion of schoolchildren and adults. Analysis of the reports showed that half of the cases were vaccinated at the prescribed age, but the interval after vaccination before the illness was an average of 9 years.Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a tendency to an increase in the incidence of whooping cough in the Voronezh region. The incidence of vaccinated indicates the natural extinction of post-vaccination immunity to school age and requires a decision on the introduction of revaccination of schoolchildren with actual acellular vaccines.

scholarly journals Pertussis in the Voronezh Region: Epidemiology and Vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
N. P. Mamchik ◽  
N. V. Gabbasova ◽  
T. N. Sitnik ◽  
L. V. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
School Age ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

Relevance. In recent years, the increase in the incidence of pertussis has been observed in many countries despite high vaccination coverage of the child population.Purpose: was to study the epidemiological features of whooping cough in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 years.Methods. The research material was data the annual form No. 2, 5, 6 of Rosstat for 2008 through 2018. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007.Results. The epidemiological features of pertussis in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 have been studied. Despite the high coverage of preventive vaccinations in children of the first years of life, in recent years, the incidence of pertussis increased the average Russian rates by 3,5 times. In the age structure of the diseased there was a tendency to increase the proportion of schoolchildren and adults. Analysis of the reports showed that half of the cases were vaccinated at the prescribed age, but the interval after vaccination before the illness was an average of 9 years.Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a tendency to an increase in the incidence of whooping cough in the Voronezh region. The incidence of vaccinated indicates the natural extinction of post-vaccination immunity to school age and requires a decision on the introduction of revaccination of schoolchildren with actual acellular vaccines.

scholarly journals Pertussis in Children: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, the Possibilities of Vaccine Preventio

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Y. A. Bogvilenе ◽  
G. P. Martynova ◽  
S. V. Evreimova ◽  
B. L. Komarova ◽  
A. V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

Relevance. Despite the specific immunization carried out, pertussis still has great medical and social significance for pediatricians, since it continues to remain a common bacterial infection, involving children of different age groups in the epidemic process. The lack of persistent immunity to whooping cough, combined with a high susceptibility index, contributes to an increase in the incidence among schoolchildren and adolescents, who are diagnosed only during epidemiological and laboratory examinations, and who, in most cases, serve as sources of infection for young children. Aim. To study the clinical and epidemiological features of whooping cough in children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital under conditions of mass vaccine prevention, as well as to identify the features of the disease in vaccinated people using the example of an outbreak of the disease in an organized group. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 164 case histories of children diagnosed with Pertussis hospitalized in the infectious hospital of the Regional Interdistrict Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1 in Krasnoyarsk in 2015–2019, as well as 25 outpatient records of patients identified during the epidemiological investigation of the focus of infection in December 2019 was carried out. For the etiological interpretation of the diagnosis of whooping cough, a comprehensive laboratory examination was carried out using bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic research methods. Results. According to official statistics, in the Krasnoyarsk territory in 2019, among children with pertussis, patients aged 7 to 17 prevailed (38,7%). At the same time, in the age structure of patients hospitalized in a hospital, the primary importance was occupied by children of the first year of life, unvaccinated against this disease. Most of them were diagnosed with a moderate form of the disease with frequent development of complications from the respiratory and nervous systems. At the same time, among schoolchildren and adolescents, as a rule, who have received a completed course of vaccination, there is an atypical, erased course of the disease, while the difficulties of its diagnosis lead to a high incidence of pertussis in children of the first year of life who have not yet been protected by vaccination. Conclusions. Despite the high coverage of decreed groups with preventive vaccinations against whooping cough in the Krasnoyarsk territory, an assessment of the state of specific immunity based on the results of a serological survey conducted in 2019 revealed 50.6% of seronegative individuals already at the age of 3–4 years, which confirms the need to improve the schemes immunization against this disease; and inclusion of pertussis vaccination in the regional immunization schedule.

scholarly journals Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with Bordetella parapertussis vaccine

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Köhler-Kubelka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Combined Vaccine

Investigations carried out to ascertain the ability of various strains of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis to produce agglutinins have shown that the agglutinin response is considerably greater with B. parapertussis.Children inoculated with a combined vaccine in which the parapertussis element contained B. parapertussis in only one-twelfth of the concentration of B. pertussis in the pertussis element showed agglutinins in their sera in titres well above 1:300 for both organisms. There were no cross-reactions and the serological responses were specific throughout. The vaccine used was the standard diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) prophylactic to which had been added a vaccine prepared from recently isolated strains of B. parapertussis.Agglutinin titres of both whooping cough components with the combined vaccine were somewhat lower in mice than was the case when monovalent vaccines were used, but they were considered to be satisfactory.It is suggested that the agglutination production test in mice could be used for the assessment of protective power of B. parapertussis vaccines against infection.I wish to thank Dr Ikić, director of the Institute of Immunology, Zagreb, who enabled me to perform all these examinations, further to Dr B. Mravunac and Dr Z. Radanov for having carried out vaccination in children and for the clinical examination of post vaccination reactions.

ТOPONYMIC RELICTS IN VORONEZH SURNAMES

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Верховых
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Historical Methods

В статье рассматриваются фамилии жителей ряда сел Воронежской области, восходящие к топонимам и катойконимам. Материалом исследования послужили более 1300 антропонимических единиц в синхронии и 275 в диахронии (по данным ревизских сказок 1816 года). Целью данной статьи является установление различных видов топонимических реликтов в воронежских фамилиях (на примере ряда сел Поворинского, Новохоперского, Таловского районов Воронежской области) с использованием описательного и сравнительно-исторического методов. В результате исследования с лексико-семантической точки зрения выделены следующие типы топонимических реликтов: 1) топонимические реликты, восходящие к разновидностям топонимов - ойконимам (собственным именам поселений); 2) топонимические реликты, восходящие к катойконимам - оттопонимным образованиям (нарицательным именованием жителей по названию места жительства); 3) топонимические реликты, восходящие к гидронимам - собственным наименованиям водных объектов. Топонимическую основу имеют 2,5% от общего числа рассмотренных антропонимов. Анализ сохранившихся в фамилиях топонимических реликтов, классифицированных в соответствии с основами онимов, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в Воронежский край переселялись жители из разных областей Центральной России, с юга России - Ростовского края, Белоруссии, а также с Украины, что подтверждают и исторические документы. The article deals with the surnames of a number of villages in Voronezh region that go back to toponyms and kataikonyms. We have used more than 1300 anthroponymic units in synchrony and 275 indiachrony (according to the revision lists of 1816) as the research material. The purpose of this article is to establish various types of toponymic relicts in Voronezh surnames (exemplified by a number of villages of Povorinsky, Novokhopersky, Talovsky districts of the Voronezh region) using descriptive and comparative historical methods. As a result of the study, we have identified the following types of toponymic relicts from lexical and semantic pointы of view: 1) toponymic relicts dating back to the varieties of toponyms - oikonyms (proper names of settlements); 2) toponymic relicts dating back to katoikonyms - toponym formations (common names of people derived from the name of the residence place); 3) toponymic relicts dating back to hydronyms - proper names of water bodies. 2.5% of the total number of considered anthroponyms have a toponymic basis. Ananalysis of the toponymic relicts preserved in the surnames, classified in accordance with the basics of onyms, allow us to conclude that residents from different regions of Central Russia, from the South of Russia - the Rostov region, Belarus, as well as from Ukraine moved to the Voronezh region, which is also confirmed by historical documents.

Pertussis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Heinz Wirsing von König
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Combination Vaccines ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

The bacterium Bordetella pertussis causes disease by producing various virulence and adhesion factors, among them pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and agglutinogens (Agg), also called fimbriae (FIM) "Typical" pertussis or whooping cough starts with unspecific respiratory symptoms (catarrhal phase) followed by severe coughing spasms with whoops and vomiting (paroxysmal phase) and only after weeks or months disease severity slowly wanes (convalescent phase). "Atypical pertussis" with unspecific, long-lasting coughing episodes is seen in adolescents and adults; very young infants may die from apnoea. B. pertussis is transmitted by droplets, and neither infection nor vaccination produce long lasting protection. Macrolide antibiotics are given to patients and their contacts to reduce spread of the organism; however, antibiotics do NOT change the duration or course of the disease once symptoms are present. Whole cell pertussis vaccines (wP) consist of whole inactivated B. pertussis-cells, whereas acellular vaccines (aP) consist of one to five single components like PT, FHA, PRN or FIM. Pertussis vaccines are currently only available as combination vaccines with tetanus und diphtheria (DTP). Among these are DTwP; DTaP; TdaP; and various DTP-combinations with Hib, IPV, HBV vaccines. Whole cell pertussis (DTwP) combination vaccines are more reactogenic, whereas DTaP vaccines are generally well tolerated. Some DTwP had good efficacy/effectiveness (90%), it was low (40%) with others. Vaccine efficacy of DTaP vaccines ranges between 70% and 90%. As with most vaccines, efficiency is higher for severe disease. While pertussis vaccines did control clinical disease, protection is limited. Vaccination is recommended for all infants (three doses) worldwide with a booster in the second year of life. Many countries give additional doses at school entry and in adolescents, and some to adults. Vaccination of pregnant women effectively protects newborn infants and is increasingly recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of the timeliness of vaccination against pertussis in children of the first year of life and the reasons for the violation of the vaccination schedule

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
T. M. Chernova ◽  
V. N. Timchenko ◽  
A. I. Pedash ◽  
M. D. Subbotina ◽  
O. I. Bulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Ifn Alpha ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Vaccination Period

The maximum incidence of pertussis in young children confirms the importance of their timely immunization.The goal is – to study the timeliness of vaccination against whooping cough, causes of violation of the vaccination schedule in young children, the effect of recombinant interferon-a on the post-vaccination period.Materials and methods: the vaccination history and data on the course of the post-vaccination period after immunization with DPT and DaPT vaccines of 469 children at the age of 3–24 months were studied.Results. The analysis showed that 14,9% of the observed children were not vaccinated against whooping cough in a timely manner. Of these: 34,3% had a written refusal to vaccinate (5.1% of the total number of observed children), in 32,8% of cases, the vaccination schedule was violated due to late arrival of parents, 32,9% of children by the start of immunization had medical challenges, and only half of them had justified contraindications. Non-serious side effects associated with immunization were observed in 11.3% of cases, statistically more often with DTP (22,0%) compared with DaPT (5.,5%). General and local reactions, in general, were recorded on DPT (6,9% and 15,1%, respectively) and less often developed with the use of DaPT (1,0% and 4,5%, respectively). Within 1 month after immunization, 16,2% of the observed children had an acute respiratory viral infection of varying severity. Those who did not receive antiviral therapy more often carried the disease in a moderate and severe form, which in all cases led to the postponement of the administration of the second and third doses of the vaccine.Conclusion. To increase the timeliness of vaccination of children against whooping cough, medical professionals should persistently remind parents about the timing of turnout for the next vaccination, when making medical withdrawals, be guided by modern methodological documents and instructions for vaccines. The use of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha drugs allows us to comply with the recommended schedule for vaccination of children with a high risk of SARS in the post-vaccination period.

scholarly journals THE RELIGIOUS STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE APUSENI MOUNTAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Mădălin-Sebastian LUNG ◽  
◽  
Gabriela-Alina MUREȘAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
The One

This paper aims to analyse the religious structure and its evolution in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). Thusly, we employed statistical data from three distinct population censuses, the first one being the Austro-Hungarian census of 1880. The next one was the one in 1930, organised by Romanian authorities. Furthermore, it was the first and most important demographic census after the Great Union of 1918. The last census taken into consideration was the one in 2011, the second census of the 21st century. After obtaining the numerical data from the three censuses, we processed it using Microsoft Excel. Three tables were generated, emphasizing the numerical values and the percentages for each religion or confession for each census. The map depicting the geographic location of the study area was developed using GIS technology (ArcGis 10.3). We determined that Christians have been dominating the Apuseni Mountains and the Orthodox faith had and still has the most adherents. Likewise, the political-administrative factor heavily influenced census operations and also produced imbalances in the religious structure, especially after the 1948 abolition of the monarchy.

Bordetella infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1073-1076
Author(s):  
Cameron C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Acellular Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Organism

Bordetella are small Gram-negative coccobacilli, of which Bordetella pertussis is the most important human pathogen. Bordetella pertussis is the cause of whooping cough, which remains one of the 10 leading causes of death among children less than five years old. Transmission of this highly infectious organism is primarily by aerosolized droplets. The preferred diagnostic methods are polymerase chain reaction detection from nasopharyngeal samples and serology (IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin). Macrolide antibiotics are recommended if started within four weeks of illness onset. Preventing severe disease in young children remains the primary goal, hence schedules consist of a three-dose infant series and subsequent booster doses. Acellular vaccines enable immunization schedules to include adolescents and adults. Acellular pertussis vaccine given to pregnant women reduces the risk of pertussis in young infants. Antibiotic prophylaxis is given when there is an infant at risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Pertussis Outbreak Analysis in Republic of Moldova

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. . Bukova ◽  
A. . Melnik ◽  
L. . Tsurcan ◽  
A. . Cheban ◽  
V. . Gutsu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
One Year

There are analyzed the incidence of whooping cough for the period of 1993 - 2016 in Republic of Moldova in this article. 210 from 280 cases of pertussis reported in 2016 and. Specific IgM antibodies of 174 patients were investigated. The epidemic process of pertussis is cyclical, with a period of 3 - 4 years, with a higher incidence in urban areas and in children up to two years, with a tendency to increase the proportion among the patients of school-age children and adults. The decrease in vaccination coverage from 95.4% in 2008 to 89.7% in 2015 led to an increased incidence. From total number of cases, 68.1% were children aged from 0 to 6 years old. The age structure of registered cases in 2016 included: 22.4% under one year old; 44.3% between 1 - 2 years, 27.1% school age children between 7 -17 years and 4.8% adults. A later uptake of medical care was registered, with an average of 10.5 days after onset of the disease, but in age group of children under one year it was 9.6 days. The bases of the diagnosis of whooping cough in 10.7% of cases were clinical data, in 16.2% were clinical - epidemiological data and in 73.1% were laboratory data. Specific IgM antibodies were detected in 77.0 ± 6.4% of patients. Among patients under one year old, 14.9% were under the age of vaccination, 34.0% received from 1 to 3 doses of vaccine, 19.1% are not vaccinated by false contraindications and 27.6% due to refusal. Among patients from the age group of 3-6 years, 56.0% received 3 - 4 doses of vaccine, 18.0% were not vaccinated because of false contraindications and 40.0% due to the failure of the vaccination. From children patients who received a full course of vaccination against pertussis, 25.0% had been vaccinated 1 - 2 years ago and other 25.0% became ill after three or four years after immunization.

scholarly journals ENTEROVIRAL MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN: MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
G. P. Martynova ◽  
N. S. Strashnikova ◽  
I. A. Kutisheva ◽  
A. B. Belkina ◽  
A. V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
School Age ◽  
Enterovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Virological Study ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Enteroviral Meningitis ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Objective. To reveal the clinical and epidemiological features of еnterovirus meningitis (EVM) in 140 children of Krasnoyarsk in the period of seasonal rise of morbidity in 2017.Materials and methods. For the etiological interpretation of the enterovirus infection (EVI), a molecular biological and virological study of the cerebrospinal fluid, two samples of feces, a swab from the oropharynx, the contents of the vesicles was carried out. Statistical processing of data was carried out using the PASW Statistics 17.0 program.Results. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, an annual increase in the incidence of EVI is registered, exceeding the average for the country. Serous meningitis is traditionally the main clinical form of EVI. Among the observed patients with EVM, the main group consisted of preschool children (32.9%) and school age (30%), mainly organized in children's groups (84.3%), and the summer-autumn seasonality of the disease remains. Meningitis was observed in 82.8% of patients, meningitis combined with exanthema — in 10%, with herpangina — in 2.1%, with myalgia  — in isolated cases . Mediastinal forms of the disease predominated (96.4% — 135 people), severe forms of the EVM were diagnosed only in 3.6% (5 patients). The clinical picture is traditionally represented by three leading syndromes: intoxication, cerebral and meningeal. The implementation of the epidemic process in 2017 was mainly represented by enteroviruses Coxackie B, B1, B2, B4. Despite the relatively favorable course of the EVM, residual events were in 10% of patients (14 people) at the time of discharge.

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