scholarly journals Abundance of microarthropods population in different sites of Midnapore east coast of West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Dey ◽  
Ashis Kumar Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Structure Relationship ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Population

Soil represents one of the most important reservoirs of biodiversity. Soil fauna is an important reservoir of biodiversity and plays an essential role in several soil ecosystem functions; furthermore it is often used to provide soil quality indicators. An ecological study of microarthropods communities from East Midnapore coast, West Bengal, India was undertaken. Four different biotopes were studied over the course of 30 months. A total 44 species of soil microarthropods were studied in details with regard to seasonal population fluctuation, variation in their community structure, relationship with physiochemical parameters of soil, life cycle pattern and their functional role in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effects of Livestock Pressure and Vegetation Cover on the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Soil Microarthropod Communities in Iberian Rangelands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Carlos Lozano Fondón ◽  
Jesús Barrena González ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández ◽  
Sara Remelli ◽  
Javier Lozano-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Photo Interpretation

Forests, including their soils, play an important role since they represent a large reservoir of biodiversity. Current studies show that the diversity of soil fauna provides multiple ecosystem functions and services across biomes. However, anthropogenic practices often pose a threat to soil fauna because of changes in land use and soil mismanagement. In these terms, rangelands in the southwest of Spain present several problems of soil degradation related to livestock activity and soil erosion, the intensity of which compromises the soil fauna’s functions in the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the response of community metrics and the spatial distribution of soil microarthropods to livestock activity and vegetation in such ecosystems. A photo interpretation analysis of an experimental catchment used as a study area was developed to identify and classify the intensity of livestock pressure. A total of 150 soil samples were collected throughout 2018. Soil biological (CO2 efflux) and physical-chemical parameters (pH, bulk density, organic matter, and water contents), and such meteorological variables as precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration were considered as variables affecting the composition of microarthropod communities in terms of taxa diversity, abundances, and their adaptation to soil environment (evaluated by QBS-ar index). Results showed higher abundance of microarthropods and higher adaptation to soil environment outside the influence of trees rather than beneath tree canopies. Moreover, the classification of livestock pressure revealed by the photo interpretation analysis showed low correlations with community structure, as well as with the occurrence of well-adapted microarthropod groups that were found less frequently in areas with evidence of intense livestock activity. Furthermore, abundances and adaptations followed different spatial patterns. Due to future climate changes and increasing anthropogenic pressure, it is necessary to continue the study of soil fauna communities to determine their degree of sensitivity to such changes.

Effect of whole-tree and conventional forest harvest on soil microarthropods

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1986-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bird ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Harvest Plot ◽  
Whole Tree

The effect of whole-tree and conventional harvest on soil microarthropods, Collembola and Acari, was investigated in a mixed conifer–hardwood forest on the Canadian Shield. Harvesting had a major effect on their populations which declined to 56 and 68% of those on the uncut plot for the whole-tree and conventional harvest plots, respectively. Species composition was unaffected by harvesting although there were shifts in dominance. Total numbers of microarthropods and numbers of Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Mesostigmata found on the uncut plot were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than on harvested plots. Slightly higher (P > 0.05) numbers of Collembola were recorded from the conventional harvest plot than the uncut plot. Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Collembola were more abundant (P < 0.01) on the conventional harvest plot than the whole-tree harvest plot. Of the two forest harvesting methods, conventional harvest had a lesser impact on soil microarthropods. Because the forest soil fauna is intimately involved in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation, our findings suggest that long-term site productivity will be greater following conventional harvest than whole-tree harvest.

scholarly journals Climate change and intensive land use reduce soil animal biomass via dissimilar pathways

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yin ◽  
Julia Siebert ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
Martin Schädler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Intensive Land Use

Global change drivers, such as climate change and land use, may profoundly influence body size, density, and biomass of soil organisms. However, it is still unclear how these concurrent drivers interact in affecting ecological communities. Here, we present the results of an experimental field study assessing the interactive effects of climate change and land-use intensification on body size, density, and biomass of soil microarthropods. We found that the projected climate change and intensive land use decreased their total biomass. Strikingly, this reduction was realized via two dissimilar pathways: climate change reduced mean body size and intensive land use decreased density. These findings highlight that two of the most pervasive global change drivers operate via different pathways when decreasing soil animal biomass. These shifts in soil communities may threaten essential ecosystem functions like organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in future ecosystems.

scholarly journals Using machine learning to predict the impact of agricultural factors on communities of soil microarthropods

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damjan Demšar ◽  
Sašo Džeroski ◽  
Paul Henning Krogh ◽  
Thomas Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
The Impact

With the newly arisen ecological awareness in the agriculture the sustainable use and development of the land is getting more important. With the sustainable use of soil in mind, we are developing a decision support system that helps making decisions on managing agricultural systems and is able to handle both conventional and genetically modified crops as a part of the ECOGEN project. The decision support system considers economical and agricultural factors and actions including crop selection, crop sequence, pest and weed control actions etc. For such decision support system to work, it needs modules that predict results of different agricultural actions. One of the most important factors for sustainable use and fertility of soil is soil flora and fauna. Any change of that community can influence the short or long term soil fertility and soil usability. With soil fauna being one of the most important factors we first need to model it. However, since the function of the individual species is not known, the only action we have is to try and model the community of soil fauna. We start by modelling the community soil microarthropods. For that goal we used machine learning methods - regression trees, model trees and linear equations. We identified previous crops and time since different kinds of tillage as the most important factors for the community of soil microarthropods.

scholarly journals Fine Root Biomass Mediates Soil Fauna Community in Response to Nitrogen Addition in Poplar Plantations (Populus deltoids) on the East Coast of China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixue Bian ◽  
Qinghong Geng ◽  
Hanran Xiao ◽  
Caiqin Shen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Populus Deltoids

Soil fauna is critical for maintaining ecosystem functioning, and its community could be significantly impacted by nitrogen (N) deposition. However, our knowledge of how soil-faunal community composition responds to N addition is still limited. In this study, we simulated N deposition (0, 50, 100, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) to explore the effects of N addition on the total and the phytophagous soil fauna along the soil profile (0–10, 10–25, and 25–40 cm) in poplar plantations (Populus deltoids) on the east coast of China. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was dissolved in water and sprayed evenly under the canopy with a backpack sprayer to simulate N deposition. Our results showed that N addition either significantly increased or decreased the density (D) of both the total and the phytophagous soil fauna (Dtotal and Dp) at low or high N addition rates, respectively, indicating the existence of threshold effects over the range of N addition. However, N addition had no significant impacts on the number of groups (G) and diversity (H) of either the total or the phytophagous soil fauna (Gtotal, Gp and Htotal, Hp). With increasing soil depth, Dtotal, Dp, Gtotal, and Gp largely decreased, showing that the soil fauna have a propensity to aggregate at the soil surface. Htotal and Hp did not significantly vary along the soil profile. Importantly, the threshold effects of N addition on Dtotal and Dp increased from 50 and 100 to 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 along the soil profile. Fine root biomass was the dominant factor mediating variations in Dtotal and Dp. Our results suggested that N addition may drive changes in soil-faunal community composition by altering belowground food resources in poplar plantations.

SEASONAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL FAUNA IN A THINNED AND UREA-FERTILIZED DOUGLAS FIR FOREST

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Function Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Seasonal Population ◽  
Urea Fertilization

Ecological studies on soil nematodes, enchytraeids, collembolans and mites in a 1948 Pseudotsuga menziesii plantation at Shawnigan, British Columbia were made from March 1971 to March 1972. The plantation was thinned to 1,900 stems/ha and urea was applied at 0, 224 and 448 kg N/ha just before faunal sampling. Monthly samples were extracted in high-gradient apparatus, Murphy split funnels and simple wet funnels. Fifty-two and 53% of collembolans and mites, respectively, occurred in the top 5.3 cm of the 17.5-cm soil profile studied. The Pearson and Hartley power function test indicated that for intramonth sampling to show statistical significance of treatment, at least 10 samples per treatment would be required for any of the groups under experimental conditions similar to the one reported here. Collembolans and mites exhibited significant downward seasonal distribution, and urea treatment accentuated this phenomenon for all four groups, suggesting that sampling below 6 cm would be required to observe the full impact of urea fertilization on the soil fauna. Except for enchytraeids, seasonal population fluctuation contrasted with the generally observed pattern in temperate regions of spring and fall peaks and showed increases through the spring, culminating in summer and autumn maxima. Urea fertilization increased annual mean population of nematodes by 1.41 and 2.51 times the control for 224 and 448 kg N/ha, respectively, and decreased enchytraeids by 0.52 and 0.28 times the control for the same two fertilizer rates; collembolans and mites were not significantly affected.

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy in Ocean Microbiomes Controls Trait Stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor M Royalty ◽  
Andrew Decker Steen
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Microbial Ecosystems ◽  
Functional Richness

Advances in nucleic acid sequencing technology have revealed that, in many microbial ecosystems, the same ecosystem function or trait is performed by multiple species or taxa. Theory, developed in the context of macroecology, predicts that communities with high functional redundancy are less likely to lose functions due to species extinction compared to communities with low functional redundancy. It is not clear whether this is the case for microbial communities, particularly on the landscape scale. In part, the lack of quantitative measures for functional redundancy in microbial ecosystems has been prohibitive in addressing this question. We recently proposed a quantitative functional redundancy metric, contribution evenness, which measures how evenly taxa in a community contribute to an ecosystem function or trait. Using transcriptomes deposited in the Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalog (OM-RGC.v2), a catalog of genes and transcripts sequenced by the TARA Ocean expedition, we quantified the functional redundancy for 4,314 KEGG Orthologs (KOs) across 124 marine sites. Functional redundancy was highly correlated with a latent variable reflecting few ocean physiochemical parameters and was systematically higher at the poles than in non-polar regions. Functional richness β-diversity among non-polar sites was higher than that among polar sites, indicating that microbial ecosystem functions are more similar among polar sites than among non-polar sites. These observations combined provide evidence that functional redundancy influences microbial ecosystem function stability on spatiotemporal scales consistent with surface ocean mixing. We suggest that future changes in ocean physiochemistry will likely influence this stability.

How energy crops (Maize, Field grass, Cup Plant) affect soil microarthropods and their decomposition services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Dioh Lobe ◽  
Stefan Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Maize Field

&lt;p&gt;Energy crops are grown at low cost and low maintenance used in making biofuels, such as bioethanol, or combusted to generate electricity or heat. Production of energy crops as an alternative to fossil fuels will help to reduce CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission, thus leading to large scale changes in agricultural landscapes. Increase in the cultivation of annual energy crops such as maize (&lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt;) is assumed to decrease biodiversity in the agrarian landscape. This may lead to changes in soil properties, thereby affecting the soil biodiversity and its ecosystem functions and services like for instance soil microarthropod communities and their contribution to decomposition of plant litter. Perennial crops such as field grass (a mixture of Festulolium, &amp;#160;&lt;em&gt;Dactylis glomerate, Loliuim perenne, Festuca pratensis and Festuca arundinacea&lt;/em&gt;) and cup plant (&lt;em&gt;Silphium perfoliatum&lt;/em&gt;) are assumed to protect and promote soil biodiversity through less intensive management. The relationship between decomposer diversity and ecosystem functioning is little understood. So far, the role of soil microarthropods in decomposition is the most disputed aspect due to scarce empirical data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main aim of this field study was to assess the effect of soil microarthropods on litter of maize, field grass and cup plant, via decomposition using litter bags with 2 different mesh sizes (0.02 mm and 0.5 mm) for a period of 3 months during the vegetation period. At the end of the experiment, the decomposition rate was higher in cup plant followed by maize and field grass in the coarse mesh size, and higher in the cup plant followed by field grass and maize in the fine mesh size. A total of 55,464 soil microarthropods (73% mites, 25% collembola and 2% others) were extracted from the litter bags. The diversity and abundance of soil microarthropods was higher under cup plant cultivation followed by field grass and maize.&lt;/p&gt;

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