scholarly journals Effects of Livestock Pressure and Vegetation Cover on the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Soil Microarthropod Communities in Iberian Rangelands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Carlos Lozano Fondón ◽  
Jesús Barrena González ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández ◽  
Sara Remelli ◽  
Javier Lozano-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Photo Interpretation

Forests, including their soils, play an important role since they represent a large reservoir of biodiversity. Current studies show that the diversity of soil fauna provides multiple ecosystem functions and services across biomes. However, anthropogenic practices often pose a threat to soil fauna because of changes in land use and soil mismanagement. In these terms, rangelands in the southwest of Spain present several problems of soil degradation related to livestock activity and soil erosion, the intensity of which compromises the soil fauna’s functions in the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the response of community metrics and the spatial distribution of soil microarthropods to livestock activity and vegetation in such ecosystems. A photo interpretation analysis of an experimental catchment used as a study area was developed to identify and classify the intensity of livestock pressure. A total of 150 soil samples were collected throughout 2018. Soil biological (CO2 efflux) and physical-chemical parameters (pH, bulk density, organic matter, and water contents), and such meteorological variables as precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration were considered as variables affecting the composition of microarthropod communities in terms of taxa diversity, abundances, and their adaptation to soil environment (evaluated by QBS-ar index). Results showed higher abundance of microarthropods and higher adaptation to soil environment outside the influence of trees rather than beneath tree canopies. Moreover, the classification of livestock pressure revealed by the photo interpretation analysis showed low correlations with community structure, as well as with the occurrence of well-adapted microarthropod groups that were found less frequently in areas with evidence of intense livestock activity. Furthermore, abundances and adaptations followed different spatial patterns. Due to future climate changes and increasing anthropogenic pressure, it is necessary to continue the study of soil fauna communities to determine their degree of sensitivity to such changes.

scholarly journals Abundance of microarthropods population in different sites of Midnapore east coast of West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Dey ◽  
Ashis Kumar Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Structure Relationship ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Population

Soil represents one of the most important reservoirs of biodiversity. Soil fauna is an important reservoir of biodiversity and plays an essential role in several soil ecosystem functions; furthermore it is often used to provide soil quality indicators. An ecological study of microarthropods communities from East Midnapore coast, West Bengal, India was undertaken. Four different biotopes were studied over the course of 30 months. A total 44 species of soil microarthropods were studied in details with regard to seasonal population fluctuation, variation in their community structure, relationship with physiochemical parameters of soil, life cycle pattern and their functional role in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Temporal structure of mouse courtship vocalizations facilitates syllable labeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stav Hertz ◽  
Benjamin Weiner ◽  
Nisim Perets ◽  
Michael London
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
Information Maximization ◽  
Information Score ◽  
Labeling Algorithms ◽  
Structure Improvement

AbstractMice emit sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) but little is known about the rules governing their temporal order and no consensus exists on the classification of USVs into syllables. To address these questions, we recorded USVs during male-female courtship and found a significant temporal structure. We labeled USVs using three popular algorithms and found that there was no one-to-one relationships between their labels. As label assignment affects the high order temporal structure, we developed the Syntax Information Score (based on information theory) to rank labeling algorithms based on how well they predict the next syllable in a sequence. Finally, we derived a novel algorithm (Syntax Information Maximization) that utilizes sequence statistics to improve the clustering of individual USVs with respect to the underlying sequence structure. Improvement in USV classification is crucial for understanding neural control of vocalization. We demonstrate that USV syntax holds valuable information towards achieving this goal.

Effect of whole-tree and conventional forest harvest on soil microarthropods

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1986-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bird ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Harvest Plot ◽  
Whole Tree

The effect of whole-tree and conventional harvest on soil microarthropods, Collembola and Acari, was investigated in a mixed conifer–hardwood forest on the Canadian Shield. Harvesting had a major effect on their populations which declined to 56 and 68% of those on the uncut plot for the whole-tree and conventional harvest plots, respectively. Species composition was unaffected by harvesting although there were shifts in dominance. Total numbers of microarthropods and numbers of Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Mesostigmata found on the uncut plot were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than on harvested plots. Slightly higher (P > 0.05) numbers of Collembola were recorded from the conventional harvest plot than the uncut plot. Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Collembola were more abundant (P < 0.01) on the conventional harvest plot than the whole-tree harvest plot. Of the two forest harvesting methods, conventional harvest had a lesser impact on soil microarthropods. Because the forest soil fauna is intimately involved in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation, our findings suggest that long-term site productivity will be greater following conventional harvest than whole-tree harvest.

scholarly journals Redesign Mata Bor Tanah Untuk Pembuatan Lubang Biopori Di Desa Puron, Kecamatan Bulu, Kabupaten Sukoharjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Zainal Arifin ◽  
Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana ◽  
Rendy Adhi Rachmanto ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Singgih Dwi Prasetyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Steel Cast

<p><em>The lack of rainfall and the absence of catchment areas are the main factors of the lack of water in Puron Village. Making biopori becomes solutive because it is useful for water absorption, reducing standing water, composting containers, and fertilizing the soil. Artificial biopores are made by making holes in the ground using tools such as crowbars or using ground drilling machines. The use of aids model adapted to the drill bit based on the state of the soil contour. This research is focused on classifying drill bits and redesigning which is in accordance with the condition of the soil environment in Puron Village, Bulu District, Sukoharjo Regency. So that biopori holes can be created more effectively and efficiently. The research method was carried out through the classification of tool drill bits through the house of quality product (HOQ) and redesign using Autodesk Fusion 360 software application. It was found that the design with a screw drill model with a pointed spiral has a high product quality value and can applied in puron Village. The design of the drill bit by adjusting the contours of the Puron Village can make a 100 mm diameter biopori hole. The design specifications of the drill bit with steel cast with 12 spiral plates with a length of 1300 mm with a diameter of 115 mm can be driven with a 10 HP engine. The design results have maximum stress, displacement, reaction force and strain of 3.62 MPa, 0.00081 mm, 0.35 N, and 0.000015.</em></p>

scholarly journals Climate change and intensive land use reduce soil animal biomass via dissimilar pathways

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yin ◽  
Julia Siebert ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
Martin Schädler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Intensive Land Use

Global change drivers, such as climate change and land use, may profoundly influence body size, density, and biomass of soil organisms. However, it is still unclear how these concurrent drivers interact in affecting ecological communities. Here, we present the results of an experimental field study assessing the interactive effects of climate change and land-use intensification on body size, density, and biomass of soil microarthropods. We found that the projected climate change and intensive land use decreased their total biomass. Strikingly, this reduction was realized via two dissimilar pathways: climate change reduced mean body size and intensive land use decreased density. These findings highlight that two of the most pervasive global change drivers operate via different pathways when decreasing soil animal biomass. These shifts in soil communities may threaten essential ecosystem functions like organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in future ecosystems.

scholarly journals High order structure in mouse courtship vocalizations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stav Hertz ◽  
Benjamin Weiner ◽  
Nisim Perets ◽  
Michael London
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Information Maximization ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Information Score ◽  
Complex Sequences

AbstractMany complex motor behaviors can be decomposed into sequences of simple individual elements. Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are naturally divided into distinct syllables and thus are useful for studying the neural control of complex sequences production. However, little is known about the rules governing their temporal order. We recorded USVs during male-female courtship (460,000 USVs grouped into 44,000 sequences) and classified them using three popular algorithms. Modeling the sequences as Markov processes revealed a significant temporal structure which was dependent on the specific classification algorithm. To quantify how syllable misclassification obscures the true underlying sequence structure, we used information theory. We developed the Syntax Information Score and ranked the syllable classifications of the three algorithms. Finally, we derived a novel algorithm (Syntax Information Maximization) that utilized sequence statistics to improve the classification of individual USVs with respect to the underlying sequence structure.

scholarly journals Using machine learning to predict the impact of agricultural factors on communities of soil microarthropods

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damjan Demšar ◽  
Sašo Džeroski ◽  
Paul Henning Krogh ◽  
Thomas Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
The Impact

With the newly arisen ecological awareness in the agriculture the sustainable use and development of the land is getting more important. With the sustainable use of soil in mind, we are developing a decision support system that helps making decisions on managing agricultural systems and is able to handle both conventional and genetically modified crops as a part of the ECOGEN project. The decision support system considers economical and agricultural factors and actions including crop selection, crop sequence, pest and weed control actions etc. For such decision support system to work, it needs modules that predict results of different agricultural actions. One of the most important factors for sustainable use and fertility of soil is soil flora and fauna. Any change of that community can influence the short or long term soil fertility and soil usability. With soil fauna being one of the most important factors we first need to model it. However, since the function of the individual species is not known, the only action we have is to try and model the community of soil fauna. We start by modelling the community soil microarthropods. For that goal we used machine learning methods - regression trees, model trees and linear equations. We identified previous crops and time since different kinds of tillage as the most important factors for the community of soil microarthropods.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Regional Landscape Park Samara Plavni within the first large reservoir in Europe Biodiversity of the Regional Landscape Park Samara Plavni within the first large reservoir in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-179
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski ◽  
I. A. Ivanko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso ◽  
O. L. Ponomarenko ◽  
D. V. Dubyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Vanellus Vanellus ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Site

The creation of reservoirs in river valleys for the accumulation of fresh water has been and remains an important issue around the world. This process has both positive and negative consequences for people and nature. Significant changes in the regime of rivers and their valleys, flooding of meadows and forests, flooding of soils and changes in the composition of flora and fauna of adjacent territories are taking place. In this article, we consider the restoration of the biodiversity of a site of disturbed lands after the creation of one of the first large reservoirs in Europe – the Dnieper (Zaporozhe) on the River Dnieper, which has existed since 1933. The territory of the Samara floodplains was formed on the floodplain of the mouth of the Samara River, as a result of which the territories of various forest, meadow and bog biotopes were flooded. For almost 90 years, new biotopes have been developing, and populations of plant and animal species, especially waterfowl, have been renewed and enriched. In the conditions of climate change and anthropogenic pressure, the existence of this territory has fallen into question. To control the conservation of biodiversity, it is necessary to apply various management methods, one of which is creation of nature reserves. The article presents the results of a complex of scientific studies that were carried out during the zoning of the regional park Samara Plavni to improve the management of the protection of water areas and river banks. We have investigated: hydrological features, species diversity of the flora and coenotic diversity of the vegetation, fauna of aquatic invertebrates, and terrestrial vertebrates. Zoning of the Regional Landscape Park was based on the composition of stable components of ecosystems. When applying the protected regime in different zones, conditions will be created for the preservation of habitats of species, including those protected in Europe: higher plants (Senecio borysthenicus (DC.) Andrz. ex Czern., Tragopogon borystenicus Artemcz.), reptiles (Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758), Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861)), birds (Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758), Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758), Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758, Numenius arquata (Linnaeus, 1758), Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758), Lanius excubitor (Linnaeus, 1758)), mammals (Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)). Such changes would increase the implementation of the reproductive potential of all species without exception in the studied ecosystems.

Boreal forest ecosystem dynamics. I. A new spatial model

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yarie
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
State Factor

Modeling the biology of forest ecosystems has been devoted to a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches representing the function of a forest ecosystem generally within an undefined spatial context. Moving to a large spatial context will require the use of theoretical representations of critical ecosystem functions that can be represented on an individual cell basis. A Spatial Alaskan Forest Ecosystem Dynamics (SAFED) model was developed that is based on the nitrogen productivity concept for forest growth, litter fall quality, and microbial efficiency for forest floor decomposition. Climate and ecosystem disturbances were handled as restricted stochastic processes. The restriction was based on known state-factor relationships. The state factors are used to describe a broad-scale classification of the landscape to define basic limitations for the randomly derived driving variables used in the model. The model has been programed as ARC/INFO macro language within the GRID package. The current version of the model has been verified as functional from an individual tree basis (1-m2 cell size) within an old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest found in interior Alaska.

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